{"schema_version":1,"research_id":"eoa_inverse_innovation_exp05_external_evaluation_20260803","source_assessment_id":"deadweight_loss_reduction__robotics_automation:P5:v0","cell_id":"deadweight_loss_reduction__robotics_automation","search_queries":["industrial robot reuse redeployment used robots remanufacturing idle equipment manufacturing official study","industrial robot second life redeployment circular economy case study manufacturer","industrial robot safety integration relocated robot ISO 10218 official","internal equipment marketplace asset reuse corporate manufacturing platform","site:remanufacturing.franka.de used industrial robots redeployment remanufacturing case study","manufacturer internal reuse surplus equipment marketplace factories case study Rheaply","industrial robot reuse remanufacture life cycle cost research paper used robots","robot redeployment manufacturing plant compatibility integration challenges industrial robot research","site:abb.com remanufactured robots buy back used robot official","site:fanucamerica.com certified used robots refurbishment official","site:kuka.com used robots refurbishment official","industrial surplus asset internal redeployment platform manufacturing plants case study","site:iso.org/standard ISO 10218-2:2025 industrial robot applications integration","site:nist.gov manufacturing industrial control systems cybersecurity robot asset inventory NIST IR","\"Enabling Digitalization in Modular Robotic Systems Integration\" DOI","site:osha.gov industrial robots technical manual hazards safeguards robot systems"],"sources":[{"source_id":"S1","title":"Reinventing Surplus Management for Multinational OEM","publisher":"Chain Asset Management Solutions","url":"https://www.chainams.com/casestudies/multinational-power-generation-oem-implements-assetlink-globally","source_class":"COMMERCIAL_FIRST_PARTY","publication_date":"2022-07-01","accessed_at":"2026-08-03","claims_supported":["A multinational power-generation OEM with more than 400 manufacturing and light-industrial locations reported no standard process for identifying, managing, and disposing of idle and surplus assets.","The implemented AssetLink program includes asset specification capture, an internal Redeployment Marketplace, Equipment Needs postings, executive sponsorship, finance/supply-chain/operations participation, and fixed-asset-register integration.","The vendor reports thousands of assets managed, more than $50 million in gross proceeds, and millions in capital expenditure savings; these outcomes are self-reported and not independently audited."]},{"source_id":"S2","title":"$3 Million in Cost Savings from Facility Closures","publisher":"Liquidity Services","url":"https://liquidityservices.com/case-studies/3-million-in-cost-savings-from-facility-closures-2","source_class":"COMMERCIAL_FIRST_PARTY","publication_date":"n.d.","accessed_at":"2026-08-03","claims_supported":["An industrial manufacturer closing three plants faced difficulties identifying redeployable assets and coordinating redeployment across sites.","The company catalogued assets in AssetZone, exposed them to more than 1,000 internal users, redeployed 162 lots, and reportedly achieved $3 million in savings and $650,000 in recovery.","Results are vendor-reported, concern mixed industrial assets rather than robots specifically, and lack a controlled comparator."]},{"source_id":"S3","title":"Robot Reapplication (Redeployment) Services","publisher":"FANUC America","url":"https://www.fanucamerica.com/support/robot/reapplication","source_class":"COMMERCIAL_FIRST_PARTY","publication_date":"n.d.","accessed_at":"2026-08-03","claims_supported":["Industrial robots can outlive their original production process and be redeployed to new applications.","FANUC offers condition evaluation, recertification, refurbishment, repurposing, customization, testing, and warranty-backed reapplication services.","Evaluation records controller and software details, exercises the robot, measures backlash and repeatability, and compares results with factory specifications; complete overhaul can be prohibitively expensive."]},{"source_id":"S4","title":"Sell Your Old Robot to ABB: Buy-back","publisher":"ABB","url":"https://www.abb.com/global/en/areas/robotics/services/remanufacturing-and-workshop-repair/buy-back","source_class":"COMMERCIAL_FIRST_PARTY","publication_date":"n.d.","accessed_at":"2026-08-03","claims_supported":["ABB operates a global market and remanufacturing network for previously owned industrial robots.","Its intake requires serial number, operating hours, prior application, location, peripheral-equipment details, and photographs, demonstrating that condition and provenance information are operationally relevant.","ABB reports more than 12,000 robots remanufactured over 25 years, more than 500 units in stock, certified inspection and remanufacture, and warranty-backed resale; these are first-party claims."]},{"source_id":"S5","title":"ISO 10218-2:2025 — Robotics — Safety requirements — Part 2: Industrial robot applications and robot cells","publisher":"International Organization for Standardization","url":"https://www.iso.org/standard/73934.html","source_class":"STANDARD","publication_date":"2025-02","accessed_at":"2026-08-03","claims_supported":["Industrial-robot safety is application- and cell-specific rather than transferred automatically with a robot asset.","The standard addresses design, integration, commissioning, operation, maintenance, decommissioning, disposal, component integration, and information for use.","A clearinghouse cannot substitute for destination-specific integration and safety work."]},{"source_id":"S6","title":"OSHA Technical Manual, Section IV, Chapter 4: Industrial Robot Systems and Industrial Robot System Safety","publisher":"U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration","url":"https://www.osha.gov/otm/section-4-safety-hazards/chapter-4","source_class":"GOVERNMENT_OR_REGULATOR","publication_date":"2021-09-01","accessed_at":"2026-08-03","claims_supported":["Robot hazards depend on the application and lifecycle stage, and integrators should conduct application-specific hazard analysis and risk assessment with employer and worker participation.","Site acceptance testing should address destination utilities, interfaces, and environmental characteristics before startup.","OSHA advises evaluating rebuilt or remanufactured older robots for upgrades to current standards and verifying safeguards, maintenance plans, records, and worker training."]},{"source_id":"S7","title":"Protecting Information and System Integrity in Industrial Control System Environments: Cybersecurity for the Manufacturing Sector","publisher":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","url":"https://www.nist.gov/publications/protecting-information-and-system-integrity-industrial-control-system-environments","source_class":"GOVERNMENT_OR_REGULATOR","publication_date":"2022-03-16","accessed_at":"2026-08-03","claims_supported":["Manufacturing industrial-control systems face cyber threats that can affect operations and worker safety.","NIST demonstrates standards-based controls including application allowlisting, integrity checking, change control, authentication, and authorization in a discrete manufacturing workcell.","Controller firmware, software, configurations, credentials, and data therefore require risk assessment and controlled handling during redeployment."]},{"source_id":"S8","title":"Enabling Digitalization in Modular Robotic Systems Integration","publisher":"Aarhus University / arXiv","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.02227","source_class":"PRIMARY_RESEARCH","publication_date":"2024-01-04","accessed_at":"2026-08-03","claims_supported":["Robot-system integration is time-consuming and complicated by missing standardization, incomplete documentation, and intricate stakeholder relationships.","The research demonstrates a constraint-based configurator for resolving compatibility among robot devices and reducing incompatible configurations.","Digital representations and compatibility constraints are technically plausible, but the study does not test cross-site matching of idle robots to production needs or lifecycle economics."]}],"problem_evidence":{"support":"MODERATE","rationale":"Two independent industrial-asset vendors report manufacturers struggling to identify and redeploy idle assets across sites, while FANUC and ABB confirm that robots often outlive original applications and can be evaluated, repurposed, or remanufactured. Research independently documents robot-integration compatibility and documentation problems. However, no source measures the prevalence of the proposal's exact state: a releasable idle robot and compatible internal need that existing processes fail to pair. Commercial outcome figures are self-reported and not robot-specific.","source_ids":["S1","S2","S3","S4","S8"]},"stakeholder_evidence":{"support":"MODERATE","rationale":"A multinational power-generation OEM reportedly appointed an executive-sponsored program owner and deployed a global internal redeployment marketplace spanning finance, supply chain, operations, plant managers, and asset owners. Another manufacturer exposed closing-plant assets to more than 1,000 internal users. FANUC and ABB maintain dedicated robot-reapplication and remanufacturing services, indicating customer demand. The adopters in the case studies are anonymized, and no named organization has expressed demand for the exact robot-specific compatibility clearinghouse.","source_ids":["S1","S2","S3","S4"]},"prior_art":{"proximity":"SUBSTANTIAL_COLLISION","closest_analogues":[{"name":"AssetLink global surplus-asset program","similarity":"A deployed multinational-manufacturer program already combines standardized asset capture, fixed-asset-register import, an internal redeployment marketplace, equipment-needs postings, notifications, executive sponsorship, cross-functional governance, accounting review, and disposition channels.","remaining_difference":"The public description does not show robot-task hard compatibility gates, safety-critical evidence exclusions, dual independent engineering review, or a conservative robot-specific lifecycle comparison.","source_ids":["S1"]},{"name":"AssetZone internal plant-closure redeployment","similarity":"Assets were catalogued, advertised to more than 1,000 internal users, redeployed across sites, and otherwise auctioned—closely matching the proposed discovery and disposition workflow.","remaining_difference":"The case covers mixed industrial lots and does not report structured demand dossiers, robot compatibility, destination safety, cybersecurity, or controlled comparison against ordinary procurement.","source_ids":["S2"]},{"name":"FANUC Robot Reapplication Services","similarity":"FANUC already evaluates robot condition, software, wear, repeatability, and repurposing requirements before restoring or adapting robots for new applications.","remaining_difference":"It is an OEM service for already identified robots and applications, not a pooled internal clearinghouse that discovers latent cross-site pairs.","source_ids":["S3"]},{"name":"ABB buy-back and remanufactured-robot market","similarity":"ABB collects provenance and operating data, purchases idle robots, remanufactures them, stocks hundreds of units, and helps customers select robots for applications.","remaining_difference":"The OEM intermediates an external buy-back/resale inventory; the proposal instead preserves internal ownership and attempts matching before disposition, with destination-specific internal authority and incidence review.","source_ids":["S4"]},{"name":"Constraint-based modular robot configurator","similarity":"Primary research demonstrates that machine-readable constraints can filter incompatible robot-device configurations and reduce expert configuration effort.","remaining_difference":"It concerns modular device acquisition and integration, not heterogeneous used-asset condition, release authority, cross-site demand, lifecycle cost, safety history, or organizational matching.","source_ids":["S8"]}],"distinctive_claim_remaining":"Within one division, relative to both the current bilateral process and a generic searchable asset marketplace, robot-specific supply and task dossiers plus prespecified hard compatibility gates and two independent engineering reviews will surface at least one additional pair that both reviewers judge technically feasible, that was not already advanced by the baseline, and that retains positive conservative lifecycle value without relaxing destination safety or cybersecurity controls.","confidence":"HIGH"},"implementation_evidence":{"support":"MODERATE","rationale":"Every major component exists separately: enterprise internal redeployment marketplaces and equipment-needs features, OEM robot evaluation and repurposing services, constraint-based compatibility filtering, application-specific robot safety standards, site acceptance practices, and manufacturing-ICS cybersecurity controls. A read-only shadow cycle is technically low risk. The combined robot-specific data model, cross-site workflow, inter-rater reliability, accounting treatment, data completeness, and comparative match yield have not been demonstrated together. Physical redeployment remains materially more difficult and must retain destination risk assessment, commissioning, cybersecurity change control, worker participation, and acceptance testing.","source_ids":["S1","S2","S3","S4","S5","S6","S7","S8"]},"scores":{"meaningful_impact":{"score":4,"rationale":"Industrial redeployment programs report substantial capital savings, and robot OEMs treat reuse as economically worthwhile. Robot-specific incidence, frequency, and effect size remain unknown.","source_ids":["S1","S2","S3","S4"]},"stakeholder_pull":{"score":4,"rationale":"Manufacturers have adopted internal redeployment programs, and two major robot OEMs operate dedicated reapplication or remanufacturing services. Pull for the exact dossier-and-matching design is not directly documented.","source_ids":["S1","S2","S3","S4"]},"incremental_advantage":{"score":3,"rationale":"Robot-specific hard filters, dual review, and full lifecycle comparison could prevent poor matches while finding candidates missed by listing-only systems, but no comparative evidence yet shows higher net match yield.","source_ids":["S1","S3","S8"]},"distinctiveness_plausibility":{"score":2,"rationale":"Internal redeployment marketplaces with equipment-needs features, robot reapplication services, and compatibility configurators already exist. The remaining difference is a narrow integration and evaluation protocol rather than a new underlying practice.","source_ids":["S1","S2","S3","S4","S8"]},"technical_implementability":{"score":4,"rationale":"Structured records, constraint filters, human engineering review, OEM inspection, and existing safety and cybersecurity controls make a shadow cycle readily implementable. Data quality and legacy support are likely limiting factors.","source_ids":["S3","S4","S5","S6","S7","S8"]},"adoption_authority_feasibility":{"score":4,"rationale":"A comparable multinational program used executive sponsorship, a single program owner, and finance, supply-chain, operations, and asset-owner participation. Physical transfer additionally requires destination safety and cybersecurity authority.","source_ids":["S1","S5","S6","S7"]},"evidence_readiness":{"score":4,"rationale":"The proposed 15-asset/10-need shadow cycle is bounded, reversible, comparator-ready, and can use existing records without moving or energizing equipment. Access to proprietary internal records is the principal dependency.","source_ids":["S1","S3","S4","S8"]},"safety_net_benefit":{"score":4,"rationale":"Hard exclusion for missing critical evidence, independent review, voluntary acceptance, quarantine, and unchanged destination commissioning directly address risks identified by safety and cybersecurity guidance.","source_ids":["S5","S6","S7"]},"scalability":{"score":3,"rationale":"Comparable asset marketplaces have scaled across hundreds of sites, but robot-specific compatibility and safety review require scarce expertise and heterogeneous legacy data, constraining automation and throughput.","source_ids":["S1","S3","S8"]}},"score_confidence":"MODERATE","costs":{"first_evidence":{"band_2026_usd":"10K_TO_50K","scope":"One-division read-only shadow cycle covering at most 15 idle/disposition robots and 10 approved needs, dossier preparation, dual engineering review, lifecycle comparisons, incidence logging, and a short findings report.","confidence":"LOW","assumptions":["Existing records and collaboration tools are used; no new enterprise software is purchased.","Approximately 200-400 resource-hours are required across asset management, two automation engineers, safety, cybersecurity, finance, procurement, and project coordination.","No robot is transported, powered, inspected physically, reserved, or modified.","Published sources bound the workflow but do not provide labor rates or commercial pricing."],"source_ids":["S1","S3","S4","S8"]},"initial_deployment_startup":{"band_2026_usd":"50K_TO_250K","scope":"Configure a one-division workflow or commercial platform, define robot and demand schemas, import asset records, establish SSO/permissions, train users, create governance and accounting procedures, and validate security controls before a live pilot.","confidence":"LOW","assumptions":["A configurable existing asset platform is used rather than custom enterprise software.","Scope is one division and tens—not thousands—of assets.","The estimate excludes robot transport, refurbishment, guarding, and production-cell integration.","Vendor pricing and internal integration complexity were not publicly available."],"source_ids":["S1","S2","S7","S8"]},"operational_launch":{"band_2026_usd":"250K_TO_1M","scope":"Run a capped live pilot involving approximately one to three qualifying robot transfers, including OEM or integrator inspection, secure configuration handling, transport, bounded refurbishment/adaptation, destination risk assessment, guarding, commissioning, training, acceptance, monitoring, and rollback provision.","confidence":"LOW","assumptions":["Only pairs that pass the shadow cycle proceed.","Complex end effectors, major controller replacements, building modifications, and prolonged production downtime are excluded.","FANUC notes that complete restoration can be prohibitively expensive, so such candidates are rejected rather than absorbed into the pilot.","Actual costs are highly sensitive to robot size, condition, distance, task, guarding, interfaces, and downtime."],"source_ids":["S3","S4","S5","S6","S7"]},"annual_recurring":{"band_2026_usd":"50K_TO_250K","scope":"Operate a one-division clearing cycle, maintain records and integrations, administer governance, conduct periodic asset review, support engineering triage, monitor outcomes, and maintain cybersecurity and safety documentation; transfer-specific capital work is excluded.","confidence":"LOW","assumptions":["A part-time program owner and fractional engineering, finance, safety, cybersecurity, and procurement effort are sufficient.","Commercial software subscription and support remain within the band, but no public quote was found.","Physical transfer, adaptation, and cell-integration costs are charged to individual projects rather than recurring operations."],"source_ids":["S1","S2","S6","S7"]}},"verified_pipeline_gates":{"externally_supported_problem":{"status":"YES","reason":"Independent industrial-asset providers document cross-site idle-asset identification and redeployment problems, while robot OEMs and primary research establish robot reapplication, compatibility, and documentation challenges. Exact robot-specific prevalence is still unmeasured.","source_ids":["S1","S2","S3","S4","S8"]},"externally_credible_adopter_or_authorizer":{"status":"YES","reason":"A multinational manufacturing OEM reportedly implemented an executive-sponsored global redeployment program involving finance, supply chain, operations, and asset owners; OSHA and ISO identify destination users, employers, and integrators as safety authorities.","source_ids":["S1","S5","S6"]},"distinct_testable_incremental_claim":{"status":"YES","reason":"The remaining claim specifies two comparators, a bounded population, an additional-pair threshold, dual-review agreement, conservative lifecycle value, and unchanged protections.","source_ids":["S1","S3","S5","S8"]},"bounded_next_evidence_step":{"status":"YES","reason":"A 15-asset/10-need read-only shadow cycle can compare the structured workflow with current bilateral handling and a generic listing-only process without moving or energizing equipment.","source_ids":["S1","S2","S3","S8"]},"no_unresolved_safety_or_authority_stop":{"status":"YES","reason":"The authorized first step is records-only. For any later transfer, ISO and OSHA require application-specific integration, risk assessment, commissioning, site acceptance, safeguards, records, and training, while NIST supports separate cybersecurity risk assessment and change control. These requirements must remain gates, not transferable approvals.","source_ids":["S5","S6","S7"]},"credible_cost_scope_and_range":{"status":"UNCERTAIN","reason":"The work packages and dominant cost drivers are identifiable, but no selected source publishes platform prices, internal labor rates, transport quotes, or robot-integration costs. Bands are resource-equivalent planning estimates with low confidence.","source_ids":["S1","S2","S3","S4"]}},"next_evidence_step":"With one manufacturing partner, preregister a records-only shadow study of no more than 15 robots already classified as idle/disposition candidates and 10 automation needs already authorized for feasibility work. Freeze supply fields, demand fields, safety-critical exclusions, compatibility rules, lifecycle-cost assumptions, and reviewer instructions before examining pair outcomes. Run three comparators on the same records: (A) documented current bilateral process, (B) searchable listing plus equipment-needs posting without robot-specific compatibility gates, and (C) the proposed structured dossiers, hard gates, and two blinded independent automation-engineer reviews. Measure candidates surfaced, candidates unique to each arm, exclusion reasons, data-completeness rate, reviewer agreement, review hours, conservative lifecycle-value sign, baseline awareness, and preliminary safety/cybersecurity acceptability. Success requires at least one pair unique to C that both engineers independently judge feasible, that was not already advancing under A, that remains positive under pessimistic adaptation assumptions, and that receives preliminary inspection-only clearance from asset, safety, cybersecurity, finance, origin, and destination authorities. Falsify the problem or incremental claim if no pair survives; every plausible pair was already advancing; B performs as well as C; reviewers cannot reproduce matches; critical records are systematically absent; review cost exceeds plausible avoided value; or safety, support, cybersecurity, contingency, or lifecycle costs negate every candidate. End without reserving, transporting, powering, modifying, selling, disposing of, or procuring any robot.","blocking_evidence":["The prevalence and value-weighted denominator of idle or disposition-candidate robots within a real multi-site organization are unknown.","No external source measures how often a compatible internal task exists at the same time as a releasable robot.","Baseline logs are needed to determine whether existing personal networks, procurement, or asset systems already surface all plausible pairs.","The completeness and comparability of title, maintenance, incident, firmware, licensing, support, tooling, configuration, and duty-history records are unknown.","The incremental yield and reviewer agreement of robot-specific dossiers versus a generic marketplace require proprietary organizational data and fieldwork.","Organization-specific accounting, tax, insurance, warranty, lease, legal-hold, transfer-pricing, labor, and asset-release rules have not been verified.","Commercial platform pricing, internal labor rates, inspection quotes, transport costs, integration costs, and downtime exposure are unavailable from the selected public sources.","Realized reliability, safety, cybersecurity, worker acceptance, adaptation cost, and lifecycle benefit can only be learned through a separately authorized live pilot."],"research_disposition":"PARTNERED_RESEARCH_PROGRAM","world_novelty_boundary":"This evaluation establishes neither world novelty nor absence of other implementations. Search was bounded to eight direct sources and was not an exhaustive literature, product, standards, patent, or corporate-practice review. Patentability, freedom to operate, market size, realized impact, and the prevalence of undisclosed internal robot-clearing programs remain unmeasured. The current evidence supports only a contrast with the cited public analogues: the narrow remaining feature is robot-specific, two-sided compatibility and lifecycle review embedded in an internal redeployment process.","arm":"COMPLETE_PROPOSAL_PORTFOLIO","candidate_version":0,"controller_recommendation":{"action":"STOP_EMPIRICAL_RESEARCH_NEEDED","repairable":false,"material_progress_observed":true,"progress_targets":["Secure one multi-site manufacturing partner and documented authorization for a records-only shadow study.","Obtain de-identified baseline asset, demand, procurement, disposition, and prior-transfer records for the capped sample.","Preregister the generic-marketplace and structured-compatibility comparators, hard exclusions, lifecycle assumptions, success threshold, and falsifiers.","Measure dossier completeness, unique match yield, inter-reviewer agreement, review time, baseline awareness, and pessimistic lifecycle value.","Obtain organization-specific safety, cybersecurity, finance, asset-owner, origin, and destination review of any qualifying pair before considering inspection.","Replace planning cost bands with observed staff time, software quotes, OEM inspection quotes, transport estimates, and integrator estimates.","If and only if a pair passes the shadow study, design a separately authorized capped physical pilot with current-standard risk assessment, site acceptance, quarantine, monitoring, and rollback."],"reason":"Bounded web research found substantial collision with established internal redeployment marketplaces, equipment-needs features, robot reapplication services, and compatibility configurators. It also isolated a narrower falsifiable claim about the incremental yield of robot-specific two-sided dossiers and independent review. Resolving that claim requires proprietary internal records and a partnered shadow comparison; realized safety, cost, and deployment outcomes would require live testing. Under the controller rule, this evidence dependency requires an empirical-research stop rather than further bounded web search."},"proposal_index":5}