{"schema_version":1,"experiment_id":"eoa_inverse_innovation_exp09_archetype_breadth150_20260804","research_id":"eoa_inverse_innovation_exp09_light_prior_art_20260804","cell_id":"flow_diversion_or_rerouting__chemistry_materials","search_lanes":{"direct_problem_and_intervention":{"queries":["segmented battery electrode independently controlled current sectors lithium plating charging","battery segmented current collector switch sectors charging current redistribution","segmented electrode battery current control charging","battery selectively connect electrode segments charging"],"source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2","SRC3"],"no_result_note":"No retained source demonstrated the complete proposed combination of plating-margin detection, corroborated sector eligibility, reversible switching, acceptance-margin-qualified current reallocation, and hysteretic reentry; this phrase-level miss is not treated as evidence of novelty."},"synonyms_and_historical_terms":{"queries":["segmented current collector lithium ion battery electrode","multi-tab battery electrode active current steering selective charging regions","pseudo-parallel charging battery segments","isolatable electrodes discrete electrode segments battery"],"source_ids":["SRC2","SRC3"],"no_result_note":null},"products_practices_and_standards":{"queries":["battery safety testing laboratory lithium ion guidelines","lithium ion batteries standard laboratory testing UL 1642","battery electrode multiple tabs independently controlled current charging segments","multi-segment electrode lithium-ion battery current distribution"],"source_ids":["SRC2","SRC3","SRC4"],"no_result_note":null},"component_combination":{"queries":["electrochemical cell segmented electrode independently controlled current distribution shared electrolyte","lithium ion cell segmented electrode local current measurement reference electrode temperature","underpotential lithium plating graphite temperature heterogeneity","electrode segmentation switch isolate hotspot electrochemical cell current routing"],"source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2","SRC3"],"no_result_note":null}},"sources":[{"source_id":"SRC1","title":"Underpotential lithium plating on graphite anodes caused by temperature heterogeneity","publisher":"Stanford University StorageX Initiative / Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","url":"https://storagex.stanford.edu/publications/underpotential-lithium-plating-graphite-anodes-caused-temperature-heterogeneity","source_type":"PRIMARY_RESEARCH","claims_supported":["Nonuniform temperature within a lithium-ion battery can make lithium plating locally favorable on graphite.","The reported experiments correlated temperature heterogeneity with spatially heterogeneous lithium plating under charging conditions.","Lithium plating is associated with capacity decay and short-circuit risk, making the proposed local-risk problem scientifically visible."]},{"source_id":"SRC2","title":"In-Situ Measurement of Current Distribution in a Li-Ion Cell","publisher":"The Electrochemical Society","url":"https://ecec.me.psu.edu/Pubs/046304JES.pdf","source_type":"PRIMARY_RESEARCH","claims_supported":["A laboratory lithium-ion pouch cell was constructed with ten separately contacted positive-electrode segments connected through individual current-sensing shunts.","Measured local currents were nonuniform and evolved during operation, producing local state-of-charge nonuniformity.","The paper identifies localized overcharge or overdischarge, durability, and safety concerns from nonuniform current distribution.","Segment-resolved lithium-ion fixtures and local current accounting are experimentally feasible, although the study measured rather than actively rerouted current."]},{"source_id":"SRC3","title":"US20220278429A1 — Isolatable Electrodes and Associated Articles and Methods","publisher":"United States Patent and Trademark Office, reproduced by Justia Patents","url":"https://patents.justia.com/patent/20220278429","source_type":"OTHER","claims_supported":["The patent publication describes discrete electrode segments coupled through a segmented current-collector domain and permits individual segments to become electronically isolated.","It describes sensors, battery-control circuitry, and sensor-triggered heating that can rapidly isolate problematic electrode segments.","It expressly contemplates continuing to charge or discharge an electrochemical device after one segment is isolated.","Its isolation is principally passive or heater-induced and potentially irreversible; it does not disclose the proposal's plating-margin-qualified, current-limited redistribution and hysteretic reentry combination."]},{"source_id":"SRC4","title":"Battery Safety Testing and Certification","publisher":"UL Solutions","url":"https://www.ul.com/services/battery-safety-testing","source_type":"OFFICIAL_GUIDANCE","claims_supported":["Lithium-ion cells, batteries, chargers, and protection systems are subject to safety evaluation and applicable standards.","Relevant standards listed include UL 1642 for lithium batteries and UL/IEC 62133-2 for portable sealed secondary lithium cells and batteries.","A laboratory result from the proposed fixture would not replace applicable product-level safety testing, certification, or regulatory assessment."]}],"problem_evidence":{"status":"SUPPORTED","finding":"The proposed problem is visible: primary research shows that temperature heterogeneity can create spatially localized lithium-plating conditions on graphite, while segmented-cell measurements show nonuniform local current and state of charge that cell-average measurements can obscure. The sources do not establish how frequently an independently avoidable sector precedes a global limit in practical cells.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2"]},"closest_prior_art":[{"name":"US20220278429A1 Isolatable Electrodes","source_ids":["SRC3"],"overlap":"Discrete battery-electrode segments, local sensors and control circuitry, electronic isolation of a problematic segment, and continued charging or discharging through the remaining electrode structure substantially overlap the proposal's topology and preservation objective.","remaining_difference":"The patent uses passive or sensor-triggered thermomechanical disconnection and does not disclose a reversible switching matrix driven by local graphite plating margin, corroboration by temperature or pulse impedance, explicit spare-acceptance qualification, current-limited and accounted redistribution, or hysteretic reentry."},{"name":"Segmented lithium-ion cell for in-situ current-distribution measurement","source_ids":["SRC2"],"overlap":"Provides a multi-segment lithium-ion electrode fixture, individual current channels, shunt-based local-current measurement, and evidence of evolving spatial current and state-of-charge heterogeneity.","remaining_difference":"All segments remain connected in parallel for measurement; the work does not identify an impaired sector from plating-risk signals, isolate it, or actively command its displaced current to eligible sectors."},{"name":"Temperature-heterogeneity-induced local graphite plating","source_ids":["SRC1"],"overlap":"Establishes a localized graphite-plating mechanism caused by spatial temperature variation and supplies a plausible asymmetry for a bounded laboratory test.","remaining_difference":"The reported mitigation direction is temperature homogenization; it does not segment the electrode or perform closed-loop electrical path substitution."}],"prior_art_disposition":"SUBSTANTIAL_COLLISION","contrastive_claim_remaining":"Relative to the closest patent, the remaining falsifiable claim is that a graphite-cell controller can reversibly use sector anode-potential margin, corroborated by temperature or pulse impedance, to disconnect only an impaired sector and admit its displaced current through separately monitored sectors only when measured spare acceptance margin exists, with explicit current limits, charge accounting, edge-current checks, and hysteretic reentry. The retained sources do not disclose that complete closed-loop control combination.","contrastive_claim_falsifier":"The contrast is falsified by a preexisting disclosure that combines independently contacted graphite-electrode sectors with local plating-risk eligibility, controlled isolation, acceptance-margin-qualified and current-limited redistribution to healthy sectors, and reversible hysteretic reentry. Experimentally, it is also falsified if the imposed asymmetry does not create a stable independently impaired sector, switching fails to produce accountable transfer, or any receiving sector crosses its registered electrochemical or edge-current limit.","gates":{"adequate_source_search":{"status":"PASS","rationale":"The bounded search covered direct formulations, older and synonymous terminology, segmented-electrode practices, safety standards, patents, and combinations of sensing, isolation, and redistribution. Exactly four opened sources from four publisher contexts were retained, including two primary-research sources and official guidance.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2","SRC3","SRC4"]},"supported_problem":{"status":"PASS","rationale":"Primary research directly supports spatially heterogeneous graphite plating and nonuniform sector-level current and state of charge, although prevalence and path independence remain unquantified.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2"]},"distinct_testable_claim":{"status":"PASS","rationale":"Despite substantial collision with isolatable-electrode prior art, the narrower contrast—plating-margin-qualified, reversible, current-limited redistribution with receiving-sector qualification and accounting—is operationally distinct and falsifiable.","source_ids":["SRC2","SRC3"]},"bounded_next_test":{"status":"PASS","rationale":"An interleaved low-energy experiment in one shielded three-sector cell is bounded and directly tests sector identification, isolation, accountable transfer, receiving-sector limits, and switching stability without claiming damage reduction or deployment readiness. Segmented lithium-ion fixtures and deliberate temperature heterogeneity have both been demonstrated.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2","SRC3"]},"no_obvious_safety_or_authority_stop":{"status":"PASS","rationale":"No categorical stop is apparent for a safety-approved, attended, shielded, low-energy laboratory fixture with fixed thresholds and fail-open shutdown. Lithium-battery hazards remain material, and any later product or deployment claim would require applicable standards, testing, and competent institutional approval.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC3","SRC4"]}},"screen_survival":false,"world_novelty_boundary":"This bounded four-source screen identifies substantial prior-art overlap and cannot establish world novelty, patentability, market size, expert acceptance, safety, long-term damage reduction, or realized value. The unsearched patent and nonpatent literature may contain closer disclosures, including combinations expressed with different terminology."}