{"schema_version":1,"experiment_id":"eoa_inverse_innovation_exp11_mechanism_context_external20_20260804","research_id":"eoa_inverse_innovation_exp11_external_scrutiny_20260804","cell_id":"deadweight_loss_reduction__art_aesthetics","opaque_id":"deadweight_loss_reduction__art_aesthetics__B","search_lanes":{"direct_problem":{"queries":["museum public domain image reproduction fees permission abandonment reuse study","museum image licensing fees public domain artworks empirical research"],"source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2","SRC8"],"no_result_note":null},"closest_prior_art":{"queries":["open access museum images zero fee impact reuse revenue study","Rijksmuseum open access public domain images impact users revenue"],"source_ids":["SRC3","SRC4","SRC5"],"no_result_note":null},"historical_terminology":{"queries":["Simon Tanner reproduction charging models rights policy digital images American art museums 2004 report fees scholarly publishing","museum reproduction fees permission historical image licensing open access"],"source_ids":["SRC2","SRC5"],"no_result_note":null},"products_practices_standards":{"queries":["official standard public domain museum digital reproductions rights statements open access cultural heritage","EU Directive 2019/790 Article 14 works visual art public domain faithful reproductions official","Smithsonian Open Access policy CC0 exclusions culturally sensitive collections"],"source_ids":["SRC3","SRC4","SRC7"],"no_result_note":null},"non_english_regional":{"queries":["Musée domaine public images haute résolution réutilisation gratuite frais autorisation","Bildrechte gemeinfreie Werke Museum Reproduktionsgebühren Open Access Deutschland"],"source_ids":["SRC4","SRC6","SRC7"],"no_result_note":null},"composition_subproblems":{"queries":["Creative Commons Open Culture platform museum public domain sensitive materials ethical sharing guidance","open access museum images staff workload revenue impact report case studies","museum fees permission public domain images cultural sensitivity revenue workload standardized CC0"],"source_ids":["SRC2","SRC3","SRC4","SRC5","SRC6","SRC7"],"no_result_note":null}},"sources":[{"source_id":"SRC1","title":"Rights & Reproductions","url":"https://museum.cornell.edu/collections/rights-reproductions/","publisher":"Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University","date_or_year":"2022 (policy update)","source_type":"FIRST_PARTY_PRODUCT","language":"English","claims_supported":["A museum currently requires a reproduction request, institutional determination, payment, proof approval, and a signed permission form.","The published schedule charges image fees for all requested works and additional reproduction fees for commercial educational and other commercial uses.","The policy illustrates the proposed baseline but does not report abandonment or distinguish every charge by the underlying artwork's public-domain status."]},{"source_id":"SRC2","title":"Reproduction charging models & rights policy for digital images in American art museums: A Mellon Foundation study","url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/104647946/Reproduction_charging_models_TANNER_Published_2004_GREEN_VoR.pdf","publisher":"King's College London, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation","date_or_year":"2004","source_type":"PRIMARY_RESEARCH","language":"English","claims_supported":["The study collected more than 3,000 data points through a survey of 100 art museums and structured interviews with 20 museums.","Charging, differential pricing, rights negotiation, image creation or denial, and service-cost recovery were established museum practices under the older terminology of imaging and rights services.","Interviewed museums generally did not report significant surplus or profit after service expenditure, and many did not fully account for salaries or overhead.","The study does not directly measure applicant abandonment caused by fees."]},{"source_id":"SRC3","title":"Open Access FAQ","url":"https://www.si.edu/openaccess/faq","publisher":"Smithsonian Institution","date_or_year":"2020–2026 (current program FAQ)","source_type":"FIRST_PARTY_PRODUCT","language":"English","claims_supported":["The Smithsonian makes eligible digital assets available under CC0 for reuse, including commercial reuse, without permission or fees.","Eligibility excludes copyrighted, contractually restricted, culturally sensitive, incompletely owned, trademarked, and certain fee-supported assets.","The Smithsonian identifies itself and its constituent museums as actual institutional adopters and describes continuing community engagement around culturally sensitive content."]},{"source_id":"SRC4","title":"About Rijksmuseum Collection Online","url":"https://data.rijksmuseum.nl/about/","publisher":"Rijksmuseum","date_or_year":"2026 (current page; policy operating since 2012)","source_type":"FIRST_PARTY_PRODUCT","language":"English","claims_supported":["For more than a decade the Rijksmuseum has made most collection images available in high resolution, free to download and reuse under Public Domain or CC0 designations wherever possible.","The institution uses an 'as open as possible and closed when necessary' approach rather than indiscriminate release.","Copyright, preservation concerns, ongoing research, and lack of digitization can keep particular items unavailable."]},{"source_id":"SRC5","title":"The Impact of Open Access on Galleries, Libraries, Museums, & Archives","url":"https://siarchives.si.edu/sites/default/files/pdfs/2016_03_10_OpenCollections_Public.pdf","publisher":"Smithsonian Institution Archives","date_or_year":"2016","source_type":"PRIMARY_RESEARCH","language":"English","claims_supported":["Comparative case-study evidence reports that open collections increased use and awareness while reducing rights-and-reproduction management overhead.","The Rijksmuseum case reports that confusing commercial versus noncommercial tiers generated questions and workload, whereas free sharing was less costly and time-consuming.","The report records substantial downstream exposure and self-reported replacement revenue or funding opportunities, but its cases are not randomized evaluations.","Multiple institutions had already adopted substantially similar open-collection practices by 2016."]},{"source_id":"SRC6","title":"Ouverture et réutilisation des données des musées de France","url":"https://www.culture.gouv.fr/thematiques/musees/pour-les-professionnels/rendre-les-collections-accessibles-aux-publics/assurer-la-diffusion-numerique-des-collections/mise-en-ligne-des-collections/ouverture-et-reutilisation-des-donnees-des-musees-de-france","publisher":"Ministère de la Culture, France","date_or_year":"2020","source_type":"OFFICIAL_GUIDANCE","language":"French","claims_supported":["French official guidance encourages online access and commercial or noncommercial reuse of museum information.","For covered administrative documents, reproduction or delivery charges may not exceed reproduction cost and must be disclosed in advance.","The guidance preserves exceptions for intellectual-property rights, personal data, and unfinished documents, demonstrating a regional eligibility boundary rather than unconditional release."]},{"source_id":"SRC7","title":"Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/790/oj?eliuri=eli%3Adir%3A2019%3A790%3Aoj&locale=en","publisher":"European Parliament and Council of the European Union via EUR-Lex","date_or_year":"2019","source_type":"OFFICIAL_STANDARD","language":"English","claims_supported":["Article 14 requires that faithful reproduction material for a visual artwork whose protection has expired not receive new copyright or related rights unless the reproduction is itself original.","The directive retains protections and licensing mechanisms for protected works and requires compliance with personal-data law.","The rule narrows copyright-based restrictions in the EU but does not by itself eliminate access charges, physical-property controls, cultural-heritage rules, or service costs."]},{"source_id":"SRC8","title":"Digital reuse and online availability of visual artworks","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167624526000144","publisher":"Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier","date_or_year":"2026","source_type":"PRIMARY_RESEARCH","language":"English","claims_supported":["Using a public-domain cutoff and cross-country comparison, the study estimates that public-domain status raises image availability on the studied aggregator by about 19 percent.","It finds substantial downstream reuse and a tendency toward more reuse and higher museum-supplied resolution for public-domain works, although reuse estimates are statistically significant only in some specifications.","The study supports an access-and-reuse mechanism but does not isolate museum reproduction fees, discretionary approvals, or applicant abandonment."]}],"problem_evidence":{"status":"PARTLY_SUPPORTED","finding":"The proposed wedge exists: museum policies and historical survey evidence document fees, differentiated licensing, discretionary approval, and staff-mediated transactions, while recent causal evidence links public-domain status to greater availability and some increased reuse. However, the retained evidence does not establish the proposal's stronger representative claim that artists, educators, or small publishers currently abandon eligible projects specifically because of museum fees or approval uncertainty.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2","SRC5","SRC8"],"uncertainty":"Current prevalence across museums, the share of restricted images that are genuinely low-risk, applicant-level abandonment rates, and the causal contribution of fees versus discovery, copyright uncertainty, image quality, or other transaction costs remain unmeasured."},"adopter_evidence":{"status":"SUPPORTED","finding":"An adopter and authorizer are identifiable: a museum's governing or executive body and the collections, digital, legal, rights-and-reproductions, provenance, and community-stewardship officials to whom it delegates image-access policy. Smithsonian and Rijksmuseum demonstrate that such institutions can authorize and operate eligibility-gated open-access policies; French guidance additionally identifies public-museum administrative responsibilities.","source_ids":["SRC3","SRC4","SRC6"],"uncertainty":"The exact approving body, procurement constraints, revenue covenants, donor restrictions, and community-governance requirements vary by institution and jurisdiction."},"implementation_evidence":{"status":"SUPPORTED","finding":"The central intervention is operationally demonstrated: verified eligible assets can receive standardized, zero-fee, self-service high-resolution access under CC0 or a public-domain designation while copyrighted, contractually restricted, culturally sensitive, preservation-sensitive, or otherwise ineligible assets remain closed or reviewed. Case evidence also shows that simplifying terms can reduce rights-management workload.","source_ids":["SRC3","SRC4","SRC5","SRC6","SRC7"],"uncertainty":"The sources do not demonstrate the proposal's complete 90-day randomized pilot, preregistered incidence analysis, complaint thresholds, compensating revenue plan, or automatic rollback mechanism as a routine package."},"prior_art":{"disposition":"ESTABLISHED_PRACTICE","closest_analogues":[{"name":"Smithsonian Open Access","source_ids":["SRC3"],"same_problem":true,"same_causal_lever":true,"overlap":"Provides no-fee, no-permission CC0 reuse for eligible collection assets and explicitly excludes copyrighted, contractually restricted, culturally sensitive, incompletely owned, trademarked, and selected revenue-supported materials.","remaining_difference":"The public materials do not describe a randomized comparison with the former request process, direct measurement of abandoned reuse, group-incidence thresholds, or an automatic rollback rule."},{"name":"Rijksmuseum open collection policy","source_ids":["SRC4","SRC5"],"same_problem":true,"same_causal_lever":true,"overlap":"Makes high-resolution images freely reusable under standardized public-domain or CC0 terms wherever possible, retains restrictions where necessary, and reports lower administrative friction and extensive downstream use.","remaining_difference":"Evidence is observational and retrospective; it does not isolate the fee-and-approval effect through a bounded controlled pilot or preregistered harm and distributional thresholds."},{"name":"Open-collections programs documented in the Smithsonian impact report","source_ids":["SRC5"],"same_problem":true,"same_causal_lever":true,"overlap":"Multiple GLAM institutions had already replaced rights-and-reproduction controls for eligible material with open reuse and monitored use, workload, visibility, and revenue-related outcomes.","remaining_difference":"The cases do not supply a controlled applicant-level estimate of completed reuse versus abandonment or the proposal's formal pause-and-rollback design."}],"contrastive_claim_remaining":"At a museum that still charges or requires review, assigning matched clusters of already-digitized, verified low-risk public-domain images to zero-fee standardized self-service access will increase completed external reuse and reduce applicant abandonment relative to the ordinary process, without exceeding preregistered thresholds for rights or cultural-stewardship incidents, staff workload, revenue continuity, attribution problems, or unequal group incidence.","contrastive_claim_falsifier":"The incremental claim is falsified if the controlled pilot shows no material increase in completed reuse or reduction in abandonment, if effects disappear after accounting for discovery and image quality, or if any preregistered rights, privacy, cultural-stewardship, workload, revenue, attribution, complaint, or distributional threshold is breached.","confidence":"HIGH","search_limitations":"This bounded open-web search retained exactly eight sources and covered English, French, German terminology, historical rights-and-reproductions language, institutional products, official rules, and component combinations. It did not conduct interviews, obtain private request logs, test every jurisdiction, or audit a representative museum sample. Some first-party pages are mutable, and the controlled evidence does not directly estimate fee-induced abandonment. The search cannot establish world novelty, patentability, freedom to operate, market size, or realized impact."},"researchability_gates":{"externally_supported_problem":{"status":"PASS","rationale":"External evidence establishes that museum fees and permission workflows exist and that legal openness is associated with increased image availability and reuse, even though the magnitude of fee-induced abandonment remains uncertain.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2","SRC8"]},"identifiable_adopter_or_authorizer":{"status":"PASS","rationale":"Museum governing and executive bodies, acting through collections, legal, digital, rights, provenance, and stewardship staff, are identifiable authorizers; actual museums have exercised this authority.","source_ids":["SRC3","SRC4","SRC6"]},"distinct_testable_incremental_claim":{"status":"PASS","rationale":"Existing programs establish feasibility but do not provide a controlled applicant-level estimate of whether removing fees and discretionary review for preverified low-risk images causes more completed reuse without threshold breaches.","source_ids":["SRC2","SRC5","SRC8"]},"bounded_next_evidence_step":{"status":"PASS","rationale":"A single institution can pre-audit one collection, randomize matched eligible asset clusters or phase their release for 90 days, and compare requests, completion, abandonment, downloads, observable downstream reuse, workload, revenue, complaints, and group incidence.","source_ids":["SRC3","SRC4","SRC5"]},"no_unresolved_safety_or_authority_stop":{"status":"PASS","rationale":"No categorical stop is evident if the authorizing museum excludes copyrighted, ownership-uncertain, private, contractually restricted, culturally sensitive, provenance-sensitive, or preservation-sensitive assets and retains immediate suspension authority. Jurisdiction-specific cultural-heritage and data rules must be checked before assignment.","source_ids":["SRC3","SRC4","SRC6","SRC7"]},"adequate_search_evidence":{"status":"PASS","rationale":"All six required lanes were searched adversarially, exactly eight retained sources were opened, the sources span independent publishers, and seven are primary research, official, or first-party materials.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2","SRC3","SRC4","SRC5","SRC6","SRC7","SRC8"]}},"strict_success":false,"screen_survival":false,"remaining_research_value":"MODERATE","recommended_next_step":"At one museum with an extant fee or approval process, pre-register a 90-day matched-cluster or stepped-wedge pilot limited to already-digitized, verified public-domain, low-sensitivity images. Provide zero-fee standardized self-service access to the intervention assets; preserve the ordinary process for comparison assets; survey interrupted applicants to measure abandonment; and track completed reuse, downloads, downstream uses, staff time, net revenue, attribution, complaints, sensitive exposure, and affected-group incidence. Require legal and community-stewardship sign-off before release and automatically suspend affected assets when a threshold is crossed.","world_novelty_boundary":"The broad problem-intervention package—eligibility-gated, standardized, no-fee reuse of public-domain museum images—is established practice, not a world-novel intervention. The remaining research boundary is a local causal and implementation claim about fee-and-approval removal, applicant abandonment, distributional incidence, and preregistered safeguards at an institution that has not yet adopted it. This bounded search does not establish world novelty, patentability, freedom to operate, market size, or realized impact."}