{"schema_version":1,"experiment_id":"eoa_inverse_innovation_exp12_substrate_denial72_20260805","research_id":"eoa_inverse_innovation_exp12_light_screen_20260805","cell_id":"authority_legitimacy_and_consent_foundations__chemistry_materials","search_lanes":{"direct_problem_and_intervention":{"queries":["porous ceramic membrane crack repair polymer resin pore blockage permeability","ceramic membrane defect repair polymer coating permeability decrease","ceramic filter crack repair resin permeability pores"],"source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2"],"no_result_note":null},"synonyms_and_historical_terms":{"queries":["fracture activated surface chemistry thiol maleimide self healing ceramic crack","crack exposed functional groups surface initiated self healing material","A diffusion-controlled procedure to close pores in ceramic membranes"],"source_ids":["SRC2","SRC3"],"no_result_note":null},"products_practices_and_standards":{"queries":["ceramic membrane repair with epoxy glue permeability MWCO","site:thermofisher.com maleimide thiol reaction pH hydrolysis guide","site:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov bismaleimide safety health hazards"],"source_ids":["SRC1","SRC4"],"no_result_note":null},"component_combination":{"queries":["crack thiol-maleimide self-healing material","ceramic thiol maleimide self healing","repair defects porous ceramic membrane polymer infiltration permeability"],"source_ids":["SRC2","SRC3","SRC4"],"no_result_note":null}},"sources":[{"source_id":"SRC1","title":"Quantifying defects in ceramic tight ultra- and nanofiltration membranes and investigating their robustness","publisher":"Separation and Purification Technology / Delft University of Technology","url":"https://pure.tudelft.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/52211214/1_s2.0_S1383586618325759_main.pdf","source_type":"PRIMARY_RESEARCH","claims_supported":["Cracks and gaps can short-circuit ceramic filtration membranes and compromise separation quality.","Hydraulic permeability, molecular-weight cutoff, and defect fraction were jointly measured.","Epoxy repair of a cracked glass edge-seal layer restored permeability and molecular-weight cutoff toward their original values."]},{"source_id":"SRC2","title":"In situ repairing the large defects of macroporous ceramic membranes by polyelectrolyte-coated nanoparticles","publisher":"Separation and Purification Technology (Elsevier)","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1383586617301648","source_type":"PRIMARY_RESEARCH","claims_supported":["Polyelectrolyte-coated zirconia nanoparticles were used to modify large defects in porous ceramic substrates while forming a selective layer.","Particle-to-pore-mouth size matching controlled localization of the repair material.","The paper reports that repeated sol-gel defect treatment can also reduce small pores and sharply reduce water permeability, illustrating the defect-repair versus flux tradeoff."]},{"source_id":"SRC3","title":"Development of Optimized Autonomous Self-Healing Systems for Epoxy Materials Based on Maleimide Chemistry","publisher":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel / Polymer","url":"https://researchportal.vub.be/en/publications/development-of-optimized-autonomous-self-healing-systems-for-epox/","source_type":"PRIMARY_RESEARCH","claims_supported":["Multifunctional thiols and difunctional maleimides were experimentally used to fill an epoxy crack plane.","Maleimide conjugation bonded the new network to the surrounding epoxy matrix.","Manual injection and tapered double-cantilever-beam testing produced reported healing efficiencies up to 121 percent in one epoxy system."]},{"source_id":"SRC4","title":"1,1'-(Methylenedi-p-phenylene)bismaleimide: PubChem Compound Summary","publisher":"PubChem, U.S. National Library of Medicine","url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1_1_-_Methylenedi-p-phenylene_bismaleimide","source_type":"OFFICIAL_GUIDANCE","claims_supported":["The compound is identified as a bismaleimide monomer with CAS number 13676-54-5.","Aggregated ECHA classification notifications include skin and eye irritation, respiratory irritation, and acute inhalation-toxicity hazards.","The hazard profile requires formulation-specific risk assessment, exposure control, PPE, containment, and regulated waste handling."]}],"problem_evidence":{"status":"PARTLY_SUPPORTED","finding":"Primary studies show that ceramic-membrane cracks and large defects impair separation, while defect-closing treatments must preserve flux: repeated sol-gel modification has been reported to shrink smaller pores and reduce water permeability sharply. Epoxy can repair an edge-seal crack, but the retained sources do not directly demonstrate a mobile bulk-curing resin perfused through a cracked porous ceramic body and depositing in intact pores. The general repair-versus-permeability problem is visible; the proposal's exact scenario remains prospective.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2"]},"closest_prior_art":[{"name":"Polyelectrolyte-coated nanoparticle repair of macroporous ceramic-membrane defects","source_ids":["SRC2"],"overlap":"Addresses selective repair of large defects in a porous ceramic substrate while seeking high flux, using mobile repair building blocks whose localization depends on pore-mouth and particle-size matching.","remaining_difference":"Localization is geometric and layer-by-layer rather than caused by fracture-only exposure of immobilized thiols; it does not use a washable bis-maleimide bridge or distinguish newly fractured faces from capped intact pore walls."},{"name":"Thiol–maleimide self-healing of epoxy crack planes","source_ids":["SRC3"],"overlap":"Uses multifunctional thiols and difunctional maleimides in a crack plane to form a bonded repair network, closely overlapping the proposed reaction family and crack-bridging purpose.","remaining_difference":"The demonstrated substrate is epoxy rather than a porous ceramic filter, bonding also uses residual matrix amines, and the study does not establish fracture-only thiol exposure, intact-pore capping, post-wash localization, or preserved hydraulic permeability."},{"name":"Epoxy repair of cracked ceramic nanofiltration membrane edge seals","source_ids":["SRC1"],"overlap":"Demonstrates a crack-related ceramic-membrane defect, polymeric repair, and joint measurement of permeability and separation performance.","remaining_difference":"The repaired crack was in an accessible glass edge seal, not within the functional porous ceramic body, so spatially selective chemistry inside a connected pore network was unnecessary."}],"prior_art_disposition":"ADJACENT_PRIOR_ART","contrastive_claim_remaining":"For a porous ceramic filter exposed throughout to a mobile bis-maleimide oligomer, manufacturing-time capping of intact pore-wall thiols combined with fracture-only exposure of immobilized thiols causes post-wash covalent retention and bridging predominantly at fresh crack faces, thereby reducing crack leakage with materially less permeability loss and intact-pore residue than a bulk-curing resin. The retained art separately teaches selective ceramic-defect modification and thiol–maleimide crack healing, but not this fracture-state-gated combination.","contrastive_claim_falsifier":"Under a fixed dose and wash schedule, the claim fails if capped intact-pore controls retain comparable oligomer or maleimide-consumption signal to fresh-fracture faces; if chemical-mismatch controls seal equally well; if localization is explained by nonspecific adsorption, pore-size exclusion, or bulk polymerization; or if any improved crack sealing is accompanied by hydraulic-resistance growth comparable to the bulk-resin baseline.","gates":{"adequate_source_search":{"status":"PASS","rationale":"The bounded search covered the proposal directly, fracture-activated and older self-healing terminology, ceramic-membrane repair practices, thiol–maleimide crack chemistry, selective pore closure, and reagent hazards. Four opened direct sources from multiple publishers include three primary studies and one official federal chemical record.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2","SRC3","SRC4"]},"supported_problem":{"status":"PASS","rationale":"The evidence partly supports the problem: ceramic-membrane cracks compromise performance, and nonselective defect-closing treatments can reduce desirable pore size and permeability. Direct evidence for the proposal's exact perfused-resin failure mode was not found.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2"]},"distinct_testable_claim":{"status":"PASS","rationale":"The remaining claim distinguishes fracture-exposed thiol gating from size-selected particles, edge-applied epoxy, nonspecific adsorption, and bulk curing, and it has measurable localization, leakage, retained-mass, and permeability outcomes.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2","SRC3"]},"bounded_next_test":{"status":"PASS","rationale":"A blinded microliter-scale coupon study with fresh-fracture, capped-intact, uncapped-intact, and chemically mismatched controls is bounded and can jointly measure post-wash tracer distribution, solvent-resistant retained mass, crack leakage, and hydraulic resistance before any operational deployment.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC3"]},"no_obvious_safety_or_authority_stop":{"status":"PASS","rationale":"No categorical authority stop is apparent for non-operational coupon work under institutional chemical-safety control. Because a representative aromatic bismaleimide has serious reported inhalation and irritation classifications, proceeding requires formulation-specific SDS review, enclosed or fume-hood handling, appropriate PPE, secondary containment, quenching, and hazardous-waste disposal; potable-water, medical, pressurized, or application-scale use remains excluded.","source_ids":["SRC4"]}},"screen_survival":true,"world_novelty_boundary":"This bounded four-source screen establishes only adjacent prior art and a testable residual contrast. It cannot establish world novelty, patentability, freedom to operate, market size, expert acceptance, safety for filtered streams, durability, or realized value."}