{"closest_prior_art":[{"name":"HACC “Shifting the Stacks” measured-growth-space method","overlap":"Measures shelf and occupied-book length in inches, calculates empty growth space, distributes it per shelf, and uses wooden/cardboard spacers or painter’s tape to mark space that should remain empty during a shift.","remaining_difference":"The markers are temporary shift aids removed after completion; the tutorial does not describe persistent protected reserve blocks, calibrated shelf-edge gauges, periodic stock-flow reconciliation, threshold validation, or checks for displacement into carts and workrooms.","source_ids":["SRC1"]},{"name":"Penn State collection-measurement and fill-ratio practice","overlap":"Practitioners measured collection length shelf by shelf with rulers, aggregated measurements by call-number group, used spreadsheets, planned 20% growth space, and assigned different fill ratios to collection areas.","remaining_difference":"It is primarily move-planning and snapshot measurement, not continuing control of distributed empty-space stock using physical reserve barriers, monthly inflow/outflow reconciliation, and hidden-overflow inspection.","source_ids":["SRC2"]},{"name":"Barton Library working-capacity policy","overlap":"Defines shelf capacity in linear units, limits working occupancy to 65–80%, and connects excessive occupancy with difficult removal, spine damage, and displaced volumes.","remaining_difference":"It supplies a capacity threshold but not bay-level gauges, protected reserve blocks, repeated stock-flow accounting, or a displacement audit.","source_ids":["SRC3"]},{"name":"Folger cardboard shelf spacers","overlap":"Uses loose physical spacers made from archival cardboard to occupy shelf gaps, support books, and avoid damaging lateral movement; spacers can remain at shelf ends where growth space exists.","remaining_difference":"The spacers preserve temporary gaps for handling rather than a calibrated capacity reserve and are not coupled to rulers, depletion thresholds, flow reconciliation, or management decisions.","source_ids":["SRC4"]}],"contrastive_claim_falsifier":"In the four-week pilot, falsify the remaining claim if gauge readings and reserve-block contacts do not predict conservation-approved crowding earlier or more accurately than blinded visual estimates, if measured stock changes cannot be reconciled more closely to recorded linear-centimetre flows than baseline practice, or if apparent reserve recovery is attributable to displaced volumes outside the measured range.","contrastive_claim_remaining":"Compared with established one-time measurement, fill-ratio, shifting, and spacer practices, persistently installed passive calibrated gauges plus standardized protected-reserve blocks will provide earlier and more accurate warning of consequential local capacity depletion and hidden displacement when paired with periodic linear stock-flow reconciliation.","experiment_id":"eoa_inverse_innovation_exp13_second_slot_policy60_20260806","gates":{"adequate_source_search":{"rationale":"Four search lanes covered the direct proposal, growth-space and occupancy terminology, established institutional practices, capacity guidance, physical spacers, and component combinations. Four opened sources from four publishers were retained, including institutional guidance and first-party practices. The search is adequate for a coarse screen, not an exhaustive prior-art review.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2","SRC3","SRC4"],"status":"PASS"},"bounded_next_test":{"rationale":"The proposed one-range, four-week comparison is reversible and measurable. It can compare gauge readings with blinded visual estimates, reconcile recorded centimetre flows with observed reserve changes, inspect coupled overflow locations, and stop before any collection movement or permanent installation.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2","SRC3","SRC4"],"status":"PASS"},"distinct_testable_claim":{"rationale":"Prior art already covers linear measurement, distributed growth space, fill thresholds, and physical spacers, but the retained sources do not combine persistent calibrated reserve barriers with repeated stock-flow reconciliation and hidden-displacement checks. Earlier and more accurate detection against visual estimates is falsifiable.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2","SRC3","SRC4"],"status":"PASS"},"no_obvious_safety_or_authority_stop":{"rationale":"Loose spacers and manual measurement are established practices, while the proposal limits the first step to existing empty space, requires facilities and conservation approval, excludes collection movement and permanent alteration, and specifies rollback. Material compatibility, stability, label obstruction, accessibility, egress, and load limits remain pre-pilot approval checks rather than categorical stops.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC3","SRC4"],"status":"PASS"},"supported_problem":{"rationale":"Institutional and professional sources show that uneven growth requires shifting, overcrowding can damage books and impede handling, practical capacity is below nominal shelf length, and libraries measure or allocate growth space by shelf or call-number area. The sources establish visibility of the problem, though not its population prevalence or every claimed hidden-overflow pathway.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2","SRC3"],"status":"PASS"}},"prior_art_disposition":"ADJACENT_PRIOR_ART","problem_evidence":{"finding":"The problem is visible: multiple libraries treat nominal shelf length as exceeding usable working capacity, measure growth space in linear units, distribute empty space during shifts, and report damage or operational difficulty from overcrowding. Evidence for the stronger assertions that libraries commonly rely only on annual flows and that carts or workrooms routinely conceal depletion is limited in this bounded search.","source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2","SRC3"],"status":"PARTLY_SUPPORTED"},"research_id":"eoa_inverse_innovation_exp13_light_screen_20260806","schema_version":1,"screen_id":"E13P117","screen_survival":true,"search_lanes":{"component_combination":{"no_result_note":null,"queries":["\"shelf space\" \"growth space\" library shifting range measurement","library \"space gauge\" shelving books capacity indicator","patent library shelf space indicator spacer capacity books"],"source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2","SRC4"]},"direct_problem_and_intervention":{"no_result_note":null,"queries":["library shelf capacity measure linear feet 80 percent full growth space shelves standard","library collection space planning empty shelf space gauge ruler shelf edge","library shelf spacer blocks reserve space book shelving growth space"],"source_ids":["SRC2","SRC3","SRC4"]},"products_practices_and_standards":{"no_result_note":null,"queries":["open stack library shelf occupancy visual estimate linear shelf space methodology","site:loc.gov preservation books shelves not too tightly packed bookends shelving","site:ala.org library shelving capacity 80 percent growth space"],"source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2","SRC3","SRC4"]},"synonyms_and_historical_terms":{"no_result_note":null,"queries":["\"shelf occupancy\" library collection \"linear\" measurement empty space","\"shelf space\" \"growth space\" library shifting range measurement","library \"space gauge\" shelving books capacity indicator"],"source_ids":["SRC1","SRC2","SRC3"]}},"sources":[{"claims_supported":["Overcrowded shelves can damage books and require shifting.","Growth space can be calculated in inches from shelf length minus occupied book length and distributed per shelf.","Wooden or cardboard spacers and painter’s tape are used to mark shelf space that should remain empty during shifting."],"publisher":"Harrisburg Area Community College (HACC)","source_id":"SRC1","source_type":"OFFICIAL_GUIDANCE","title":"LCC/Shelving Tutorial – Shifting the Stacks","url":"https://sites.google.com/hacc.edu/lcc-shelving-tutorial/shifting-the-stacks"},{"claims_supported":["Penn State practitioners measured occupied length on each shelf with rulers and aggregated it by call-number group.","Libraries can plan 20% growth space by filling three-foot shelves to 80%.","Different fill ratios can be mapped to different collection areas, and nonstandard shelving and oversize materials complicate estimates."],"publisher":"Association of College and Research Libraries","source_id":"SRC2","source_type":"TRADE_PROFESSIONAL","title":"Preparation is the Key to Success: Manageable Techniques for Measuring Collections for Moving","url":"https://crln.acrl.org/index.php/crlnews/article/view/26427/34367"},{"claims_supported":["Barton Library records its print shelving in linear feet.","Its policy identifies 65–80% of shelf length as working capacity.","Packing beyond working capacity can impede removal, damage spines, and push volumes toward the rear of shelves."],"publisher":"Barton Community College","source_id":"SRC3","source_type":"OFFICIAL_GUIDANCE","title":"Barton Library Collection Development Plan","url":"https://docs.bartonccc.edu/stuservices/library/barton-library-collection-development-plan.pdf"},{"claims_supported":["Folger staff use loose folded archival-cardboard shelf spacers to occupy gaps and support volumes.","Spacers reduce the need to slide books and the associated handling wear.","Spacer material, dimensions, orientation, and loss of spring affect safe use."],"publisher":"Folger Shakespeare Library","source_id":"SRC4","source_type":"FIRST_PARTY_PRODUCT","title":"Using cardboard spacers to fill gaps on the shelf","url":"https://www.folger.edu/blogs/collation/using-cardboard-spacers/"}],"world_novelty_boundary":"This bounded public-web screen found close component practices but no retained source describing the full combination of persistent calibrated shelf-edge gauges, physically protected distributed reserve blocks, periodic linear stock-flow reconciliation across a stable range boundary, and explicit inspection for displaced overflow. That absence supports only an adjacent-prior-art disposition for this screen; it does not establish world novelty, patentability, market size, expert acceptance, or realized value."}