It retains design-to-the-full-intended-distribution and adds fixed right-of-way, mode portfolio, multimodal level of service, and transportation policy apparatus. Accessibility supplies the genus: The design commitment to keep a system perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust for the full distribution of intended users including the sensory, motor, cognitive, and infrastructural tails — by designing to those tails rather than to the median. Complete Streets preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A transportation doctrine that designs a fixed-width road corridor for a declared portfolio of all users — pedestrians, cyclists, transit riders, freight, drivers — allocating the right-of-way as a zero-sum choice and auditing it by multi-modal level of service. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.

Complete Streets is accessibility specialized to a public road corridor whose intended-user distribution includes every mobility mode, age, and ability class.


The relation is a constrained-retrofit technique inside the all-user doctrine, not a claim that every road diet adopts that doctrine. Road Diet supplies an internal constituent: Intentionally reduce a street's vehicle capacity and reallocate the recovered right-of-way to other uses — the classic four-to-three-lane conversion — because the throughput-maximising configuration sits below the joint optimum across safety, retail, and pedestrian function. Complete Streets requires that role within this mechanism: A transportation doctrine that designs a fixed-width road corridor for a declared portfolio of all users — pedestrians, cyclists, transit riders, freight, drivers — allocating the right-of-way as a zero-sum choice and auditing it by multi-modal level of service. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.

Complete Streets projects typically contain a road diet when motor-vehicle lanes must be reduced to recover fixed right-of-way for other modes.


Lane, sidewalk, bikeway, transit, loading, and emergency shares instantiate the full allocation structure. Allocation supplies an internal constituent: Assign a limited supply across competing claimants under a feasibility constraint, independent of which criterion fills in the rule. Complete Streets requires that role within this mechanism: A transportation doctrine that designs a fixed-width road corridor for a declared portfolio of all users — pedestrians, cyclists, transit riders, freight, drivers — allocating the right-of-way as a zero-sum choice and auditing it by multi-modal level of service. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.

Complete Streets contains allocation because it assigns a fixed-width right-of-way among competing modal claimants under a feasibility envelope and declared criterion.


The complex question is an informal-fallacy subtype whose defect lies in a contested presupposition embedded in an interrogative rather than in deductive form. Informal Fallacy supplies the genus: A named, recurring pattern of defective argument whose error lies not in logical form but in content, context, or the relevance and acceptability of its premises — so it can be valid in form yet still fail as reasoning. Complex Question preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Expose a question that smuggles a contested claim in as its presupposition, so every direct answer silently ratifies the claim and the only sound reply is to refuse the frame. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


The complex-question fallacy is presupposition smuggling specialized to an interrogative whose every direct answer ratifies the contested background claim. Presupposition Smuggling supplies the genus: A communicative move binds a surface action to an embedded premise so that engaging the surface ratifies the premise without argument. Complex Question preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Expose a question that smuggles a contested claim in as its presupposition, so every direct answer silently ratifies the claim and the only sound reply is to refuse the frame. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


The discipline assigns problems to discrete reusable categories and lets membership import a bundle of downstream feasibility consequences. It adds formal models of computation, asymptotic resource ceilings, reductions, completeness anchors, and the containment lattice.

Complexity-class analysis is classification specialized to sorting formal problems by explicit machine, resource, bound, and acceptance rules.


A class cannot be identified without fixing a bounded resource and a bound as a function of input size under a model of computation. Removing that constituent leaves problem categories without the criterion that makes them computational complexity classes.

A time-or-space resource scaling rule is an internal defining constituent of a complexity class rather than merely a neighboring measurement.


Correlated Capacity Demand supplies shared finite resources, tail-correlated demands, common stressors, independence-based sizing, and joint exceedance. Compound-Hazard Stacking adds hazard-plan vocabulary and interaction among physical impact, infrastructure, and response systems.

Compound-Hazard Stacking is the emergency-planning species of Correlated Capacity Demand, where co-occurring hazards jointly load shared response capacity sized under independence.


Separate single-hazard analyses supply the comparison baseline. The child's characteristic excess impact requires a positive interaction relative to that baseline, which is the synergy side of Synergy and Antagonism; the shared-capacity overload remains carried by the nearer subsumption parent.

A positive interaction effect—joint harm above the specified independent-hazard baseline—is an internal constituent of Compound-Hazard Stacking.


Both eagerly combine controlled dimensions at indexing time into one governed, browsable, whole-matchable token. The child narrows the leading element to a topical heading and specifies subdivision admissibility, order, and prefix behavior.

Subject Heading String is the topical-main-heading species of Precoordinated Heading, adding ordered subdivisions and leading-substring browsing.


Every concentration illusion has many nominally distinct positions whose effective independence collapses under a shared factor shock. It adds the finance-specific covariance matrix, factor-exposure rank, calm-versus-stress regime, and diversification claim to the broader common-mode pattern.

Concentration Illusion is the portfolio-risk specialization of apparent variety masking a shared driver, with holdings as labels and common factor loadings as the hidden dependency.


It inherits a deliberate core-periphery partition and sacrifice of peripheral ground under contest. The child fixes the carrier to an argument before an audience and adds partial claim-granting, credibility purchase, narrowing, burden shift, and board-clearing.

Concession is the argumentative species that yields non-load-bearing ground to defend the remaining core before a credibility-calibrating audience.


Both make the organized whole primary over independent feature registration. Configural Processing adds a familiar relational template, canonical engagement conditions, recurrent whole-to-part influence, and dissociations produced by inversion, scrambling, misalignment, or expertise.

Configural Processing is Gestalt organization specialized to a learned category template whose whole-level activation changes access to its constituent parts.


Familiar words, faces, and trained object categories normally acquire their whole-level templates through repeated discriminating experience. The relation is typical rather than strict because face-configural readiness may include specialized developmental organization not reducible to acquired expertise.

Configural Processing typically presupposes Perceptual Expertise because dense category exposure is what makes a relational whole activate rapidly enough to influence its parts.


The record demonstrates exposure to researcher-imposition while the analysis was revisable without becoming a universal requirement for a followable evidentiary path. Peer Debriefing supplies an internal constituent: Guard qualitative analysis against the researcher's own normalised assumptions by having a competent-but-removed outsider probe the reasoning while it is still revisable — producing not a verdict but a documented audit trail of what was challenged and what changed. Confirmability requires that role within this mechanism: Certify a qualitative finding as objective not by eliminating the interpreter but by exhibiting an audit trail through which any claim can be walked backward to the data segments that produced it. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.

Confirmability typically contains peer debriefing when its audit trail records outside probes, responses, and the analytic choices changed or defended as a result.


A separate journal is common but not universal because a complete audit trail can distribute its function across several linked artifacts. Reflexive Journal supplies an internal constituent: A dated, contemporaneous first-person record in which a qualitative researcher externalises the assumptions, commitments, and positional influences shaping each analytic decision — converting an unavoidable observer-effect into a documented variable an auditor can trace to confirmability. Confirmability requires that role within this mechanism: Certify a qualitative finding as objective not by eliminating the interpreter but by exhibiting an audit trail through which any claim can be walked backward to the data segments that produced it. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.

Confirmability typically contains a reflexive journal as the audit artifact linking positional assumptions to the analytic decisions and findings they influenced.


Confirmability is the Lincoln-Guba verdict applied to one artifact class; complete queryable links from finding to evidence are its portable infrastructure. After the ethnography_sociology frame is stripped away, the retained structural roles are those of Traceability: The infrastructure of bidirectional links that lets any element be followed backward to its origin and forward to its uses, turning opaque processes into auditable, queryable histories. Confirmability adds the local frame and commitments expressed in its identity: Certify a qualitative finding as objective not by eliminating the interpreter but by exhibiting an audit trail through which any claim can be walked backward to the data segments that produced it. The parent pattern remains recognizable without that vocabulary, while the child is the framed realization of it. That preservation test establishes decomposition rather than taxonomic subsumption.

Removing qualitative trustworthiness and situated-interpretation framing leaves traceability: every claim can be walked backward through decisions to its source data.


Confirmation fatigue is habituation specialized to an over-frequent low-value blocking prompt whose repeated benign exposure trains automatic dismissal. Habituation supplies the genus: Repeated exposure to a stimulus that proves inconsequential progressively reduces the response to it, with stimulus specificity, recovery after a pause, and restoration by a novel stimulus distinguishing habituation from fatigue or sensory failure. Confirmation Fatigue preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: The interaction-design failure where a blocking confirmation prompt fires so often, and so rarely marks a truly consequential choice, that users develop an automatic dismiss reflex that discharges the prompt without reading it — leaving it syntactically present but informationally inert. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


The live Bias genus requires a process whose expected output is systematically displaced from its target rather than merely noisy. Congruence Bias fixes the process to human hypothesis-test selection, the target to diagnostic inquiry, and the direction to favored-hypothesis-congruent probes. Across Wason tasks, diagnosis, scientific inquiry, and debugging, that direction persists even when individual tests are honestly executed and evaluated.

Congruence Bias is a specific reliable directional distortion: human test selection leans toward probes predicted by a favored hypothesis rather than probes that separate it from live rivals.


The child occurs before an outcome is interpreted, but its identity is still relational: a selected probe is defective because its trace-producing mechanism would yield nearly the same outcome under competing states, making the trace weak evidence between them. The live Evidence prime already names the target hypothesis, trace-producing mechanism, comparative probability, defeaters, and next-trace discrimination roles. Evidence is not a piece of the cognitive bias; it is the inquiry relation that must already obtain for the selection to be diagnosably congruent rather than an arbitrary choice.

Congruence Bias presupposes an evidential trace-to-hypothesis relation because a probe is congruent or non-diagnostic only by comparing how likely its trace is under the favored hypothesis and its rivals.


Conjunction fallacy contains representativeness because the more stereotype-matching scenario is ranked by resemblance instead of probability. Remove resemblance-for-probability substitution and representative detail has no mechanism for raising a strict subset above the event containing it. parent_in_child


Across Linda-style and scenario-forecasting tasks, the same procedure repeatedly ranks a more representative conjunction above a constituent that contains it. Bias supplies the general signed process-level error; the child fixes the target to nested event probabilities and adds the resemblance substitution, content-free ordering test, and representation-level repair.

Conjunction fallacy is bias specialized to a systematic probability ranking displaced toward representative detail and away from set inclusion.


The child's content-free diagnostic depends on events closed under intersection, a probability measure, and monotonicity under set inclusion. Probability supplies that formal event-and-measure structure; the child is the cognition-bound failure to preserve its ordering under representative detail.

Conjunction fallacy presupposes probability because its decisive error is assigning a strict subset more probability than an event that contains it.


In the canonical bookbag and sequential-update branch, the prior is an explicit numerical anchor and each update stops too near it. Anchoring is internal mechanism rather than genus. The qualifier remains typical because noisy likelihood encoding, mistrusted evidence, or other underweighting processes can generate a conservative posterior without a phenomenologically salient starting anchor.

Conservatism bias typically contains anchoring when the prior acts as the starting value from which admitted likelihood evidence produces insufficient adjustment.


The prior, likelihood ratio, and normative posterior establish both the correct direction and full magnitude of revision. The child is not generic reluctance to change; it exists only where that update can be computed and a human estimate moves insufficiently toward it.

Conservatism bias presupposes Bayesian updating because its defining quantity is the shortfall between a reported posterior and the Bayes-prescribed one.


The child defines a signed shortfall rather than mere caution: admitted evidence moves belief in the right direction but by less than the normative update, and the lag compounds over sequences. Bias supplies the general systematic deviation; the child fixes the benchmark, direction, cognitive regime, and under-adjustment remedy.

Conservatism bias is bias specialized to probability updates that remain systematically too near the prior and short of the Bayesian posterior.


The entry's identity is not pleasantness in isolation: sensory and functional fit rules distinguish reinforcement from clash; dissonant coexistence creates the pressure; and resolution into consonance supplies the directed opposition. Dissonance is therefore a required relational contrast, not a taxonomic genus.

Consonance is defined as the stable pole of a fit rule whose violated pole produces perceptible pressure and a resolution demand.


The construct integrates heterogeneous willingness to pay above the realized market price. Demand supplies that cost-responsive quantity schedule and already inherits the required Preference layer.

Consumer surplus contains the demand schedule whose reservation values form the upper boundary of the buyer-welfare area.


Consumer surplus is an integral readout, not the mechanism producing demand or price. Its validity depends on the target schedule, procedure, unit, and welfare interpretation that turn an area into a measurement claim.

Removing market language leaves a declared procedure mapping reservation- value gaps to an aggregate magnitude on a monetary scale.


Contact-Tracing Delay is the epidemiological specialization of a response-versus-propagation race, comparing tracing latency with a pathogen's generation interval. Response-vs-Propagation Race supplies the genus: Containment wins or loses by timescale comparison. Contact-Tracing Delay preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Frame outbreak containment as a race on the contact graph: once the time to find and isolate a case's contacts exceeds the pathogen's generation interval, tracing only documents the chain, and more staff cannot restore containment. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Contestability is competition by credible availability rather than observed headcount: above-normal rents invite an entrant to capture the same demand, so the incumbent must act as if rivalry were present.

Removing market-entry apparatus leaves rivalrous pressure from a potential challenger disciplining an incumbent even when no challenger is presently active.


The model is not asserted as a typical market description. Its zero-friction case proves threat discipline, then organizes applied analysis around how scale, gates, regulation, or irreversible capital move a market away from it.

Stripped of industrial-organization vocabulary, zero entry and exit friction yields a sharp pricing result used as the fixed origin for named sunk-cost deviations.


The hit-and-run threat works only while the entrant preserves a cheap return path. Any material irreversible commitment gives the incumbent time or leverage to retaliate and breaks the model's central pricing result.

Perfect contestability contains reversible entry because a challenger can enter, redeploy, and exit without an irrecoverable commitment.


The flattening channel supplies one undifferentiated utterance to previously separated audiences whose binding appropriateness conditions are mutually incompatible. It inherits the empty-joint-feasible-set structure and adds audience norms, register, reputation, sanction, and disabled code-switching.

Context Collapse is the social-communication specialization of a shared-interface conflict in which audience-specific norms have no jointly acceptable utterance.


Both require context features to be co-encoded with an item and later retrieval probability to rise with overlap between the encoding features and the available cue. The child fixes the store to a cognitive memory trace, foregrounds incidental context populations, and adds the free-recall, reinstatement, cue-deficit, and retrieval-mode boundaries of the empirical finding.

Context-dependent memory is the human-memory specialization of encoding specificity in which incidental environmental, physiological, or cognitive context features become part of the trace's retrieval key.


The current abstraction is not Wegener's mechanism-free observation alone: it identifies continents as buoyant passengers on lithospheric plates and explains their motion through convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries. Removing Plate Tectonics removes that mature explanatory structure and leaves only the historical kinematic hypothesis.

Continental Drift presupposes Plate Tectonics because its live identity explains continental trajectories as the surface expression of plate motion and boundary dynamics.


Contraindication operationalizes a context-triggered limit on the treatment choice, including a hard absolute branch and a relative branch that permits action only under safeguards. It adds indications, patient conditions, physiological mechanisms, risk-benefit judgments, substitute therapies, formularies, labels, and CPOE flags to Constraint's general restriction of feasible action.

Removing clinical vocabulary leaves a conditional constraint that prohibits a generally permitted action when a named context flips its balance against use.


The rule cannot be reduced to a categorical diagnosis lookup: it exists because a patient condition changes the likelihood or magnitude of harm enough to dominate the expected benefit. The absolute/relative gradient then records whether residual uncertainty and safeguards leave any admissible operating point. Risk supplies the uncertain adverse-outcome object, not the normative prohibition or the clinical apparatus.

Contraindication presupposes Risk because its trigger is defined by a context- specific probability-and-severity shift that reverses expected net benefit.


Every descriptor is the single authorized term for a concept, with variants routed inward and forward indexing constrained to the preferred form. It adds a topic rather than entity target, trained supply-side assignment, scope-note boundaries, broader/narrower/related relations, and recall-set consequences.

Controlled Descriptor is the subject-indexing species of Preferred Term, adding resource assignment, scope notes, and vocabulary-tree placement.


The child exists to let trained indexers decide whether a resource falls within a governed topic scope and assign it to that category for downstream retrieval. A preferred string could exist without this operation, but a descriptor without rule-governed resource-to-category assignment loses its identity.

A Controlled Descriptor presupposes the explicit topic-category assignment process whose reusable rule and boundaries make it an indexing category.


Both identities require unsolicited pro-social inflow whose per-unit handling cost consumes the coordinator bottleneck needed by the primary work and whose apparent helpfulness makes clean refusal costly. Convergence failure adds an incident-command topology, post-impact peak-load concurrency, the personal / material / informational taxonomy, and standing reception or donations gates.

Convergence failure is helpful-inflow displacement specialized to an incident-command topology and a peak-load surge of unsolicited personal, material, or informational aid.


Both require repeated exposure to an identifiable stimulus to attenuate a response while response capacity remains intact, and both use restoration by novelty to distinguish habituation from fatigue or damage. The child fixes the stimulus to a mammalian partner's identity cues, the response to reproductive motivation and copulation, and the recovery probe to a novel receptive partner or cue.

The Coolidge Effect is Habituation specialized to a familiar partner's reproductive reward cues, with novel-partner substitution restoring response before substrate-general depletion.


The named metric, doubling interval, engineering levers, and physical ceilings are domain cargo; repeated multiplicative scaling is the structural trend form. After the information_technology frame is stripped away, the retained structural roles are those of Exponentiation: Repeated multiplication scaling. Cooper's Law adds the local frame and commitments expressed in its identity: The empirical trajectory by which the number of simultaneous radio conversations supportable in a given spectrum at a given location has doubled roughly every 30 months for a century, driven chiefly by spatial reuse — so capacity is grown by densification, not by acquiring bandwidth. The parent pattern remains recognizable without that vocabulary, while the child is the framed realization of it. That preservation test establishes decomposition rather than taxonomic subsumption.

Cooper's Law extracts Exponentiation because its empirical claim is a near-constant doubling of supportable wireless conversations per spectrum-location unit over time.


The radio-specific law adds a five-lever capacity ledger, a roughly 30-month doubling trajectory, Shannon and cell-size ceilings, and spectrum-policy implications; densifying reuse inside a fixed boundary is its portable mechanism.

Cooper's Law extracts Internal Intensification as its dominant capacity mechanism because spatial reuse grows simultaneous conversations by packing smaller cells into the same spectrum and location rather than expanding the spectrum boundary.


The floor has an operative crossing rule—extinction below it and reflection or survival above it—and this one-sided permeability is what lets a directionless walk acquire an upward mean.

Cope's rule contains the minimum-viable-size boundary that blocks downward lineage excursions while leaving upward movement open.


The active regime preferentially retains larger-bodied variants for competition, prey access, predator defense, fasting endurance, or thermal inertia; it is always part of the construct's two-model diagnostic even when a studied lineage ultimately supports the passive branch.

Cope's rule contains directional natural selection as the driven rival to passive boundary-induced drift.


The passive regime is one of the construct's two defining candidate explanations and supplies the diagnostic warning that an upward mean can emerge without selection for bigness.

Cope's rule contains a random-walk null in which unbiased lineage-size increments accumulate into an apparent upward trend against a lower floor.


The entry's Item-level identity, one-Manifestation-to-many-Items cardinality, property routing, and bounded copy operations are intelligible only inside a Work/Expression/Manifestation/Item model that separates a Work from its realizations. Abstract Work carries that work-versus-carrier commitment and its identity criterion. The edge does not claim that Abstract Work is the bare Type/Token distinction: the source and prime both explicitly distinguish that thinner missing parent from the richer work identity.

Calling one copy an Item at the bottom of WEMI presupposes a content identity that persists above its concrete carriers and fixes which variations remain realizations of the same Work.


Removing FRBR, WEMI, catalog records, circulation, holdings, ISBNs, and copy metadata leaves the exact shared-type versus singular-token relation, including level-specific property and operation routing.

Removing the child’s frame leaves the reusable structure named by Type Token Distinction.


Marine heatwaves provide the bounded, persistent forcing event from which degree-heating-weeks accumulate, but the same host-expulsion mechanism can be triggered by cold, hypersalinity, sedimentation, or pollution.

Thermal mass-bleaching episodes typically presuppose a marine heatwave whose sustained anomaly supplies the cumulative dose.


The bleaching boundary is crossed by a cumulative thermal dose rather than an instantaneous temperature; removing the time integral destroys both the forecast metric and the distinction between a short spike and a sustained anomaly.

Coral bleaching contains accumulation because degree-heating-weeks integrate temperature excess over duration and a brief peak is explicitly insufficient.


Inside the two-to-four-week window, surviving colonies can reacquire symbionts and move back toward a functioning, though impaired, state; events whose dose persists beyond that window instead follow the starvation branch.

A bleaching episode typically contains recovery through symbiont reacquisition when stress relents inside the reversibility window.


The intact cnidarian-Symbiodiniaceae mutualism is the starting state and object of the bleaching mechanism; removing it leaves neither an energy-supplying partner to expel nor a relationship whose loss can expose the white skeleton.

Coral bleaching contains the obligate host-symbiont relationship whose active rupture creates the bleached state.


Without a stress boundary calibrated to the host-symbiont pairing and local thermal history, the construct loses the operational separation between a tolerated anomaly and bleaching onset.

Coral bleaching contains the dose threshold at which accumulated stress switches the host from retaining to expelling its symbionts.


Frequency alone does not define Core Vocabulary. The selected pronouns, verbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and deictics have meanings that combine under language rules, producing generative coverage across topics.

The core earns priority because a finite stock of flexible words combines systematically to generate a far larger space of functional utterances.


The 80/20 concentration is not decorative numerology; it is the empirical premise from which core-first teaching and screen placement are derived. After the speech_language_pathology frame is stripped away, the retained structural roles are those of Pareto Effect (80/20 Rule): 80/20 distribution. Core Vocabulary adds the local frame and commitments expressed in its identity: The small set of 150–400 high-frequency, syntactically generative words that account for roughly 80% of everyday communication across all topics — grounding a core-first architecture that places these words for immediate access and teaches them before topic-bound nouns. The parent pattern remains recognizable without that vocabulary, while the child is the framed realization of it. That preservation test establishes decomposition rather than taxonomic subsumption.

Core Vocabulary is the language-intervention manifestation of a measured vital few: roughly 150–400 words carry about 80 percent of everyday token use.


Correction Burial retains the parent's single controller, common amplitude-variable channel, high-reach error, low-reach correction, issuance-time reach gap, and record-versus-population divergence. It specializes the channel to editorial placement, broadcast slots, push distribution, retraction notices, and due-prominence practice; removing those newsroom particulars restores the broader parent exactly.

Correction Burial is the newsroom and mass-publishing species of Asymmetric-Amplitude Error Correction, fixing the channel to editorial placement and distribution.


Accountability supplies an internal constituent: Responsibility for actions. Corrections Policy requires that role within this mechanism: An institution's standing rule to acknowledge errors in its public claims through visible, dated, attributed corrections that preserve the original — converting an unverifiable edit history into a reconstructible, auditable claim-trajectory. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.

Accountability is an internal constituent of Corrections Policy; removing that role breaks part of the child's defining mechanism.


The policy does more than state a preference for accuracy: it defines how an observed error is returned to the published record as a corrective action. Detection, attributed repair, and retention of the result form a strict output-to-input feedback loop inside every corrections policy.

A corrections policy contains a closed feedback loop in which detected error acts back on the public claims record through a visible repair.


The no-silent-revision rule keeps the first published state, the correction, its time, and its responsible issuer linked into a reconstructible custody history. That origin-and-successive-state record is a strict Provenance component.

A corrections policy contains Provenance by preserving the original claim and a dated, attributed chain of changes rather than overwriting it.


A private audit trail is not a corrections policy for public claims. The prominence and accessibility rules expose the repair to affected readers, making public visibility a strict constituent rather than an optional implementation detail.

A corrections policy contains Transparency because corrections must be made visibly accessible to the audience rather than logged only inside the institution.


Polyphony supplies the multi-line texture; Counterpoint adds a tonal grammar that governs local intervals, motion categories, dissonance resolution, and a pedagogical procedure for authoring that texture without sacrificing either axis.

The rule system has no object unless several independently legible lines coexist on a shared temporal substrate and interact as one coherent whole.


Bias supplies a procedure, a target value, and a systematic directional offset that survives repeated measurement. Courtesy Bias inherits all three: the elicitation procedure targets the respondent's undistorted report, while interaction pressure persistently inflates preferred answers and suppresses dispreferred ones. It adds a status-asymmetric questioner, politeness and face-saving motives, and a direction keyed to this asker's inferred wishes rather than to a fixed instrument calibration.

Courtesy Bias is a response-process species of Bias whose signed error moves reports toward the immediate questioner's perceived preference and does not average away.


Remove surveys, clinicians, politeness norms, and the content of the reported attitude. The measurement apparatus still has to couple to the target, and that coupling systematically changes the state or output the apparatus is trying to recover. The anonymous-mode remedy works by weakening exactly this coupling. Measurement and Disturbance supplies that portable information-versus- perturbation structure; Courtesy Bias adds the human questioner and the preference-directed sign of the perturbation.

Courtesy Bias is the self-report form of Measurement and Disturbance in which the social coupling required to elicit an answer changes the answer being measured.


It inherits a fixed learned mapping applied to a shifted deployment distribution, absent internal drift signal, and silent loss of calibration or accuracy. The child fixes the shift to P(X) with P(Y|X) held constant and adds the operations failure of watching lagging outcomes instead of the live input distribution.

Covariate-Shift Blind Spot is data drift specialized to P(X) leaving the training support while P(Y|X) holds and monitoring ignores the immediately available input signal.


Other-Regarding Preferences supplies an evaluation function whose value depends on another agent's outcome as well as the evaluator's own. Crab Mentality inherits that complete structure with a negative cross-argument: the peer's upward movement lowers the saboteur's evaluation, so preventing it is worth a personal cost even when no material prize is gained. It adds an in-group baseline, upward deviation, identity threat, and a costly leveling act as its differentia.

Crab Mentality is a spiteful, leveling species of Other-Regarding Preferences in which an agent pays a cost because preventing an in-group peer's rise enters its own evaluation positively.


The live identity is not generic envy of any successful stranger. It begins with a salient in-group category and shared baseline; one member's rise then destabilizes what membership says about the others, intensifies within-group comparison, and makes leveling the deviant identity-restorative. Remove the categorization, identification, and comparison process described by Social Identity Theory and the defining in-group threat collapses into ordinary rivalry. The identity mechanism is a constituent while spiteful preference fixes why an agent willingly pays to pull the peer down.

Social Identity Theory is an internal constituent of Crab Mentality because the rising peer becomes threatening by changing the comparison and meaning of a shared in-group identity.


Stable and shifted groups receive the same current reward but respond differently because the shifted outcome is read relationally against a prior magnitude. The effect's positive and negative branches are successive contrast: direction follows which side of the reference the new reward falls, and magnitude grows with the gap. Contrast supplies the portable comparison-and-emphasized-difference structure; Crespi adds reward representation, operant responding, recalibration, and a transient overshoot.

The Crespi Effect decomposes to Contrast because behavior is organized by the emphasized difference between delivered reward and its history-set expectation rather than by absolute reward alone.


A reward increase produces a positive received-minus-expected residual and a reward decrease a negative one; the sign predicts whether responding overshoots above or below same-reward controls, while repeated outcomes update the expectation and shrink the residual as the transient decays. Remove this operational reward discrepancy and current reward magnitude alone cannot distinguish shifted animals from stable controls. Reward Prediction Error is broader and need not produce the Crespi overshoot or its operant runway signature.

Reward Prediction Error is a constituent of the Crespi Effect because the signed gap between received and expected reward drives both the transient response and recalibration of the expectation.


It has a pre-shift settled response, an abrupt reward disturbance, a signed peak beyond the response supported by the new absolute reward, and a decay toward the new steady response as expectation recalibrates. It specializes Transient Response with operant behavior, reward prediction error, same-reward controls, and positive-versus-negative contrast asymmetry.

The Crespi Effect is a Transient Response specialized to a reward-magnitude step whose history-set prediction error drives temporary control-relative over- or under-shoot.


It inherits cargo physically unloaded, re-sorted, and reloaded between vehicles at an intermediate transfer point. The child eliminates storage dwell, casts the facility as a sorter rather than a warehouse, and replaces inventory buffering with tight inbound/outbound schedule synchronization.

Cross-docking is transshipment specialized to a transfer node whose dwell is driven to near zero and governed by inbound/outbound schedule synchronization.


It is the dimensionless fractional-response over fractional-stimulus ratio defined by Elasticity. The child fixes the response as demand for good X, the stimulus as the price of distinct good Y, and adds a sign interpretation for substitutes, complements, and independent goods.

Cross elasticity of demand is elasticity specialized to the fractional quantity response of one good to a fractional price change in a different good.


Each code commits a named field, membership convention, and routing use. The cross-listing mechanism adds multiplicity, typed primary/secondary roles, and revision hygiene over those internal markers. Direction is parent-in-child.

Cross-listed Classification contains several Field Boundary Markers—one focal primary and one or more secondary routing assignments—inside one governed record.


The child sorts works into a controlled discrete class vocabulary and adds multi-home assignment, primary-versus-secondary discoverability roles, a warrant policy, exchange syntax, and revision hygiene. The multi-parent assignment does not cease to be classification.

Cross-listed classification is rule-governed classification specialized to one focal class plus governed secondary assignments for the same work.


Strip MSC codes and discoverability roles and a partial order with multiple parents remains. Reusing base classes rather than minting hybrid product classes is the structural consequence of that hierarchy shape.

Cross-listing is the catalog-specific use of a multi-parent hierarchy: one work occupies several existing homes in a DAG rather than one tree branch.


Symmetric discoverability is the mechanism's explicit payoff, not an incidental use. Across papers, patents, courses, and grants the additional code is justified precisely by the additional retrieval route it creates.

Multiple class assignments make one work locatable from every substantially addressed field while preserving a focal home.


Dense experience with one face population trains finer within-category codes, while sparse experience leaves other populations more coarsely represented and more confusable. The child adds socially defined face categories, developmental narrowing, eyewitness consequences, and the contact-specific intervention.

Removing the racial-face category and its social and legal cargo leaves Perceptual Expertise's exposure-tuned representational granularity and category-relative individuation gradient.


USE/UF/BT/NT/RT/SA is the intra-scheme retrieval species of a governed relation vocabulary, with direction, inverse maintenance, and follow action per type. The six admitted link types form a closed governed vocabulary and every type stipulates direction, reciprocity or inverse pairing, and consumer action. The child operates within one thesaurus or authority system and specializes actions to canonical redirection, hierarchy traversal, related browsing, and see-also navigation.


Broader-Term and Narrower-Term relations install a level-bearing vertical axis over descriptors. Hierarchy supplies asymmetric ordering, transitive level talk, and direction-sensitive traversal; USE/UF and RT/SA remain separate relation branches.

The BT/NT branch contains a Hierarchy: asymmetric broader/narrower levels with inverse-paired upward and downward traversal.


The entry treats the flat term list's conversion into a maintainable graph as load-bearing: components, stranded nodes, paths, up/down/sideways reachability, and topology-wide maintenance are properties of the connection pattern. The specific six relation types and retrieval contracts are the domain frame.

Removing thesaurus vocabulary leaves curated nodes joined by directed, typed edges whose whole connection pattern determines reachability and navigability.


Relation supplies the genus: Describes associations or dependencies. Cross-reference Relation preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Connect two controlled-vocabulary entries with a typed directed half-edge drawn from a small closed inventory (USE, UF, BT, NT, RT, SA), each carrying a stipulated direction, symmetry, inverse-pairing obligation, and system action — turning a flat term list into a maintainable navigable graph. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.

Cross-reference Relation is a specialization of Relation, retaining the parent's defining structure while adding the child's specific commitments.


USE and UF do more than assert synonymy. They maintain one indexed descriptor, record subordinate entry points, route those inputs many-to-one, and preserve recall without enlarging the heading space. BT/NT and RT/SA are different branches.

The USE/UF branch contains Alias-to-Authority Mapping: non-preferred terms resolve asymmetrically to one preferred descriptor and aggregate there.


Attacker-controlled bytes are interpolated into HTML, JavaScript, URL, or DOM sinks without context-matched inertization. The browser cannot distinguish authored control from injected content and executes both with the victim origin's cookies, session, and DOM authority.

Cross-site scripting is injection weakness specialized to browser parsers, output-context encoding, and execution under a trusted web origin.


The concept rejects a smooth diffusion curve by positing a discontinuity between early adopters and the early majority. Different risk tolerances, completeness requirements, and reference networks make evidence fail to cross that partition. Boundary is therefore internal to the mechanism, not merely a point on a timeline.

A structural boundary between adopter populations with incompatible purchase criteria is the chasm's defining constituent.


Cultural Diffusion supplies the spread of an innovation through a social population, including adopter categories, reference networks, and a diffusion curve. Crossing the Chasm adds Moore's discontinuity between early adopters and the early majority, incompatible purchase criteria, the whole-product requirement, and a bridgehead strategy. Generic Propagation was therefore a flattened prerequisite.

Crossing the Chasm requires an innovation-diffusion process segmented into adopter populations before a stall between those populations can exist.


It inherits mutually reinforcing inputs whose joint effect exceeds substitution and adds public spending, private investment, fiscal conditions, and a slack-versus-capacity regime that can reverse the sign.

Crowding In is Complementarity specialized to public expenditure that raises rather than replaces private activity under slack or through a genuinely productivity-enhancing public input.


Both deterministically reduce arbitrary-length input to a short fixed-size token used as a content handle under an unavoidable collision regime. The cryptographic species adds avalanche behavior, three computational-hardness guarantees, birthday-bound security sizing, and adversarial constructions.

A Cryptographic Hash Function is Hashing specialized to adversarial preimage, second-preimage, and collision resistance.


Hash resistance is meaningful only because a candidate input or pair can be checked with one or two evaluations while producing such a candidate from the digest or collision condition is conjecturally infeasible. The child adds fixed digests, avalanche behavior, construction templates, and birthday bounds.

Removing digest vocabulary leaves the qualitative cost gap between cheaply checking a supplied witness and finding a valid preimage or collision.


Periodicity supplies translation invariance, fundamental repeat interval, reciprocal frequency or wavelength descriptions, and spectral consequences. The lattice adds atoms, unit-cell basis, Bravais and space groups, and diffraction.

A Crystal Lattice is generated by exact spatial repetition of one unit cell under three independent translations, making one repeat sufficient for the whole.


The child retains the prime's advance variable, self-undermining sustainment accumulators, marginal-yield sign flip, invisibility at the peak, inherited momentum, and later collapse. It adds a force, rear sustaining base, resistant leading edge, operational reserve, and Clausewitzian campaign vocabulary.

Removing the contested military topology leaves the invisible point where further advance's net yield turns negative while surface success continues.


The decision clock ends at the culminating point because continued commitment thereafter has negative yield. The result clock ends when sustainment failure becomes legible through reversal. Their negative signed gap is the exact interval in which apparent success induces uninformed continuation. Recognition indicators shorten the result clock, a reserve buys decision time, a planned consolidation decouples commitment, and leading proxies substitute for the lagging headline signal—the prime's closed intervention family.

The recognition gap is a strict evidence-latency window: the halt decision is due at culmination while trustworthy visible evidence arrives only after inherited momentum exhausts.


Sustained exposure supplies a distribution of depicted social facts whose frequencies differ from the lived world. The viewer durably learns those frequencies into background estimates; the domain theory adds cumulative symbolic diet, first- and second-order effects, mainstreaming, and resonance.

Cultivation Theory is the media-effects specialization of Exposure-Distribution Learning in which a heavy viewer's social-reality model approaches a biased symbolic environment.


Every cumulative dose converts an exposure flow into a running stock and requires stock-versus-rate reasoning. It adds biological outcomes, clinical units, well-mixed history compression, lifetime tracking, and an internal stock-level response threshold to the general accumulation identity.

Cumulative Dose is Accumulation specialized to the time-integral of a biological exposure stream measured in exposure-specific units.


Lifetime limits and steep risk inflections supply a genuine internal threshold in the canonical cases. The child also covers graded stock-response functions whose risk rises continuously without one regime-separating value, so the constituency is typical rather than universal.

Cumulative Dose typically contains a stock-level Threshold that gates the biological or regulatory response on the integrated total rather than an event.


Both are directional failures to reconstruct another mind because the reasoner's own current mental content is immediately available and becomes the anchor from which perspective rotation under-adjusts. The child fixes the self-state to already-held knowledge, the modeled other to an uninformed agent, and the error to overestimating comprehension, obviousness, or acquisition speed.

Curse of Knowledge is the Egocentric Bias species in which an informed state anchors simulation of an uninformed other.


The child inherits the outward-form / operational-function decoupling and adds the discovery-methodology differentia: interviews, surveys, prototype tests, and a plan that cannot be killed or redirected by their results. Other Innovation Theater forms need not conduct inquiry, so the domain intermediate preserves the exact species.

Customer-Discovery Theater is Innovation Theater specialized to product-discovery rituals insulated from roadmap decisions.


Every instance contains an inquiry, a nominal downstream decision, insulation of that decision from the findings, and a process or legitimacy yield that lets the ritual persist. The child adds customer-discovery vocabulary and roadmap stakes; the prime carries the same mechanism across audits, reviews, consultations, and panels.

It is a strict species of inquiry performed for legitimacy while structurally insulated from the decision it nominally informs.


It inherits the ready item, external authority, unresolved administrative state, binding release token, and inertness of ordinary capacity remedies. The child adds customs law, border institutions, cargo, demurrage, and trade-facilitation interventions.

Customs-clearance delay is the sovereign-border specialization of an otherwise-ready flow held until an external authority emits affirmative release.


Border-clearance facilities process competing consignments through finite inspection and adjudication capacity. Unlike the generic permission hold, where queueing is only typical, the live customs identity explicitly includes spike-sensitive waiting-line dynamics.

Customs-clearance delay strictly contains a bounded-capacity clearance queue whose arrival and service rates govern the release backlog.


The DataService node is explicitly the catalog-side typed record, not the server itself. Its endpoint URL and conformance declaration refer to a live addressable route through which clients query current data. Remove that endpoint and the remaining metadata can describe a dataset or an intended service, but not a data access service. The dependency is therefore from catalog record to external route, not part containment or taxonomy.

A cataloged data access service presupposes an access endpoint because its typed record must name the live route and invocation contract it describes.


The domain construct is not merely a running API. It is a record in a catalog that lets consumers find a provider by dataset and access mode, resolve the current endpoint, and read its contract without hardcoding the provider's location. That is the discoverability infrastructure used by the record, while the record remains one catalog object rather than the whole provider-consumer-registry system.

A data access service record presupposes registry-mediated discoverability because its identity is a typed catalog object found by consumers and bound to the currently available service surface.


Remove origin and production history and a consumer cannot interpret the dataset's composition, known confounds, rights, or representational scope. Provenance supplies those traceable origins; the child adds intended and excluded uses, limitations, consent, fixed schema, and publication-boundary placement.

A data card contains provenance describing the dataset's origin, collection, transformations, custody, and release context as part of its fixed disclosure schema.


It inherits an observable trace, a hidden design hypothesis, contextual defeaters, predicted maintenance cost, and a refactoring probe. The child fixes the trace to an object with data but no domain behavior and adds the decisive entity-versus-intentional-record role test.

Data Class is the code-smell species whose passive fields and accessors provide defeasible evidence that behavior and invariant enforcement migrated into consumers.


The smell is not local thinness alone: operations that belong with the data have migrated into consumers, which now depend directly on field layout and duplicate invariant logic. Those representation-sensitive dependency links are the coupling constituent that makes changes propagate with consumer count.

Cross-class coupling is a constituent of the data-class smell because consumers reach into exposed state and carry the displaced behavior.


A passive record is not intrinsically defective. It becomes the data-class smell only when an object expected to own invariants instead publishes raw state and makes consumers reconstruct behavior around that representation. Information hiding supplies the stable-surface expectation whose absence makes the accessor-only shape an OO design violation.

The data-class smell presupposes information hiding because its verdict is that an entity exposes representation and invariants that its behavioral surface was expected to conceal.


Every instance holds the deployed model fixed, gives the attacker input-side leverage, and uses a crafted prompt or retrieved instruction to obtain an attacker-preferred output. The child narrows the family to the know-versus-say boundary and to verbatim or semantic emission of training text, hidden instructions, retrieved documents, or credentials.

Data extraction through prompting is input manipulation specialized to a deployed language model whose crafted live input elicits protected content through its ordinary generation channel.


The query interface may be legitimately invocable while its response is still too broad for the caller's role and task. Training text, system instructions, retrieved private documents, and credentials are surplus to that budget. Minimum-necessary disclosure supplies the positive producer- side projection contract whose violation makes the emission a privacy failure.

Prompt-mediated extraction presupposes a legitimate disclosure budget that the model's response exceeds because protected surplus was not projected away before the observable output channel.


It inherits backward-to-origin and forward-to-use traversal and adds data sources, transformations, movements, agents, and refresh times as the recorded domain-specific chain. Traceability supplies the genus: The infrastructure of bidirectional links that lets any element be followed backward to its origin and forward to its uses, turning opaque processes into auditable, queryable histories. Data Lineage preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Recording, for every data element, the complete sequence of sources, transformations, and movements that produced it — as edges in a queryable dependency graph — so audit questions become forward and backward traversals rather than forensic reconstruction. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.

Data lineage is traceability specialized to data elements and their processing dependency graph.


Data poisoning is learning-substrate contamination specialized to ML training data, labels, gradients, triggers, and training-pipeline defenses. After the computer_science frame is stripped away, the retained structural roles are those of Learning-Substrate Contamination: An adversary writes future behavior indirectly by selectively contaminating the experience or evidence from which an agent durably updates, so the agent later and faithfully enacts a distortion installed before the decision. Data Poisoning Attack adds the local frame and commitments expressed in its identity: The adversarial-ML failure mode where an attacker corrupts training inputs so the model learns an attacker-chosen behaviour — an upstream contamination that runtime defenses are structurally powerless against and that clean benchmark accuracy cannot detect. The parent pattern remains recognizable without that vocabulary, while the child is the framed realization of it. That preservation test establishes decomposition rather than taxonomic subsumption.


The hypoxic volume is not produced by high phytoplankton abundance alone: the bloom must senesce, sink, and be decomposed, making the post-peak collapse the source of the larger bottom-water stress.

Dead-zone formation presupposes the bloom-and-bust cycle whose senescent biomass turns collapse into the oxygen-depleting secondary stress.


Without nutrient enrichment driving excess primary production, the defined loading-bloom-sinking-decomposition chain is absent and the object reduces to general hypoxia from another cause, which the source explicitly excludes.

The dead-zone construct presupposes eutrophication as the nutrient-overload cascade that supplies the organic matter whose decomposition removes oxygen.


Without layered density separation, vertical mixing reoxygenates the water column and the entry's seasonally persistent hypoxic stratum does not form. Stratification supplies an internal constituent: Layered separation of a system. Dead Zone requires that role within this mechanism: Collapse the nutrient-bloom-decomposition-stratification cascade into one measurable state variable — the hypoxic volume — that maps where bottom-water oxygen has fallen below the threshold most aquatic life can survive. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.

A dead zone contains stratification as the density lid that prevents surface oxygen from replenishing the bottom-water volume.


Without an operational oxygen boundary, the mapped hypoxic volume cannot be defined or separated from ordinary low-oxygen variation. Threshold supplies an internal constituent: Safe vs harmful levels. Dead Zone requires that role within this mechanism: Collapse the nutrient-bloom-decomposition-stratification cascade into one measurable state variable — the hypoxic volume — that maps where bottom-water oxygen has fallen below the threshold most aquatic life can survive. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.

A dead zone contains the dissolved-oxygen threshold that partitions survivable water from the flight-or-die hypoxic state.


Removing debt, legal seniority, and restructuring leaves a payoff rule under which the actor controlling a positive-value action cannot retain enough of its benefit to act. Incentive is the portable structural core; the enforceable creditor-first cascade gives Debt Overhang its domain-specific calculation and remedy.

Debt Overhang is the senior-claim finance form of an incentive structure that directs the marginal upside away from the party whose participation would create it.


It inherits two sovereign schemes, explicit source and target concepts, a versioned revocable declaration, route composition, and governed fidelity. It adds a symmetric interchangeability commitment and the strongest grade, under which a trusting consumer may collapse the distinction for stated use.

Declared Equivalence Mapping is the exactMatch species of Schema Mapping Relation, fixing the bridge grade at purpose-bounded loss-free substitution.


The institutional declaration says which cross-scheme pairs a consumer may quotient into one class for a purpose. Its retraction channel and trusting declarer are domain furniture; reflexive closure, symmetry, transitivity of all-exact chains, and work-by-representative are the formal core.

Removing declaration governance leaves sameness under a stated criterion, with symmetric substitution and exact-only transitive closure.


Both preserve two naming systems while producing a persistent, citable, reviewable cross-system sameness verdict whose scope controls downstream inference. The child fixes the verdict at equivalent and adds a governed controlled-vocabulary declaration, reliance route, and retraction channel.

Declared Equivalence Mapping is the equivalent-verdict species of Record Reconciliation, made authoritative and purpose-bounded for controlled schemes.


Rosy reconstruction, negative and recent present weighting, and naive forward extrapolation are the human-memory differentia; the persistent perceived-versus- measured directional gap is the full Bias genus.

Declinism is the temporal-judgment species of Bias in which perceived history and forecast retain a downward signed offset from contemporaneous measured trends.


The three stages are not merely additive. Their outputs re-enter later judgments as inputs, which explains why correcting one component can leave the remaining stages able to regenerate the same perceived downslope.

The inflated past steepens the apparent decline, the tilted present supplies a worse slope, and the pessimistic forecast feeds back to confirm the frame that governs later memory and evaluation.


Funeral oration, panegyric, deliberative speech, and other genres package inherited expectations about register, emotional pitch, and speaker role. Genre is typical rather than strict because an improvised or novel occasion can still generate decorum constraints without a settled genre.

Genre conventions typically supply the accumulated expectation set against which rhetorical form is judged fitting or mismatched.


Decorum is not a descriptive correlation between contexts and styles but an ought-claim about which form counts as appropriate. Normativity supplies the evaluative standard against which a one-axis mismatch can be criticized even when the propositions remain true.

A decorum judgment requires a standard that distinguishes fitting from unfitting discourse relative to a communicative situation.


Strip the classical rhetorical frame and Decorum retains the context-conditioned selection of register, tone, diction, pacing, and intimacy. It adds Cicero's style repertoire, genre conventions, subject gravity, and ethos consequences to the broader Register Style Shifting structure.

Decorum is the rhetorical multi-axis specialization of adjusting discourse form to audience, occasion, subject, and role.


The decoy itself need not be chosen; its function is to change the relation read among unchanged focal options, making comparison—not the decoy's absolute value— a load-bearing whole layer.

The decoy works only by placing multi-attribute options in a shared frame where pairwise dominance relations can be read and one local winner becomes salient.


Decoy Effect is the asymmetric-dominance menu species in which an unchosen inferior alternative shifts preference between two unchanged focal options. Focal alternatives remain fixed while a comparison-set change predictably changes their ordering or selection probability. The added context item is asymmetrically dominated by one focal option, remains unattractive itself, and increases choice of its dominating neighbor.


The effect demonstrates that ordering is constructed from the available comparison context rather than read from a fixed utility function, but an evaluative ordering over options remains its indispensable output.

The measurable payload is a change in an agent's ordering over an unchanged focal choice set, expressed as the dominating option gaining share after the never-chosen decoy is added.


A default creates a current reference whose loss, regret, and decision-cost surcharge combines with endorsement and architecture-specific mechanisms. Status Quo Bias supplies an internal constituent: Model the systematic over-choosing of whatever option is framed as current — the same two alternatives chosen at different rates depending only on which is the default — as a content-independent departure surcharge built from loss aversion, regret aversion, and decision cost. Default Effect requires that role within this mechanism: Shift the distribution of choices without changing any option by flipping which alternative is preselected as the no-action outcome, because a stack of retention mechanisms makes people disproportionately keep whatever the default is. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.

The default effect contains status-quo bias as the departure surcharge that makes an assigned no-action option resistant to switching.


Both model an entity through components and their interaction structure rather than through isolated components. The child fixes the nodes to medial prefrontal, posterior cingulate, precuneus, angular-gyrus, and medial-temporal regions, the links to resting-state functional correlations, and the characteristic dynamics to coherent rest activation and outward-task suppression.

The default mode network is a network specialized to a fixed medial-brain node ensemble whose low-frequency activity is intrinsically correlated and task-negatively coupled.


Paving transitions, planting, low walls, entry sequences, and changes in level are not fortification; they are claim-legibility boundaries that attach a space to an in-group.

Defensible space contains boundary because threshold cues and a public-to-private zone hierarchy delimit which resident group can read a shared space as its territory.


The natural-surveillance channel is an ongoing observe-interpret-act practice embedded in ordinary occupancy rather than a camera or designated patrol. Monitoring supplies an internal constituent: Continuously observing a system's state to detect deviation from expected behavior and trigger a response, separating genuine signal from routine noise. Defensible Space requires that role within this mechanism: Configure a built environment — sightlines, threshold cues, a public-to-private zone hierarchy — so each shared space reads as an ownable territory attached to a small resident group, recruiting cheap recognition-based surveillance in place of paid policing. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.

Defensible space contains monitoring because residents repeatedly observe a shared area, distinguish routine from anomalous use, and can trigger a low-cost intervention.


Both benign supply-driven decline and contractionary debt deflation change the purchasing power of the unit. The policy-critical branch makes the distinction especially load-bearing because nominal liabilities stay fixed while their real burden rises. The child adds negative sign, source cut, debt-demand feedback, expectations, and the stabilizer bound.

Deflation contains nominal-to-real revaluation: a falling price level raises purchasing power and mechanically increases fixed nominal debt burdens.


The live deflation entry includes benign supply-driven price decline as a valid case, so the monetary bound is not universal. It is load-bearing in the policy-critical Fisher spiral, where nominal rates cannot fall with expected inflation and the real rate therefore rises as prices decline.

In the debt-deflation-trap branch, deflation contains the lower bound that prevents nominal cuts from offsetting rising real rates and debt burdens.


Genre supplies a recurrent cultural form whose conventions guide production and activate an audience's reading and evaluative horizon. Deliberative Rhetoric specializes that contract to a counselor addressing a deciding body about future action, probable-cause and analogical evidence, an advantage-versus-harm axis, and actionable recommendation. Every defined deliberative address is a rhetorical genre instance, although most genres do not advise a choice.

Deliberative rhetoric is the future-action species of Genre, with a stable producer-audience contract governing speaker role, audience office, proof burden, evidence, and closure.


Remove the choice set, uncertainty, trade-offs, and a body authorized to commit to one course and the discourse loses its governing question, “what should be done?” A discussion may still predict or praise, but it is no longer deliberative rhetoric. Decision supplies the open alternatives and commitment event; the child supplies the rhetorical forecast, weighing, counsel, and recommendation that precede and influence it.

Deliberative rhetoric presupposes a decision because its audience must hold a live choice among future courses that the speech is organized to move.


A technically controlled voice and body can still misfire when comic cadence, intimacy, or grandeur is wrong for the moment. Decorum is typical rather than strict because delivery can also be assessed for audibility, control, and congruence without a full classical multi-axis fitting judgment.

Effective delivery is typically judged against decorum: whether its embodied manner fits audience, occasion, subject gravity, and speaker role.


Delivery's body half uses the human nonverbal channel set to reinforce, qualify, or contradict the spoken content. Separating that constituent from the words makes the execution failure independently diagnosable.

Gesture, posture, movement, gaze, and facial expression form the bodily constituent of rhetorical delivery.


Delivery's voice half operates through the supra-segmental envelope laid over the prepared words. Prosody carries the pitch, rhythm, prominence, rate, and silence by which invariant lexical content reaches an audience with different force and interpretation.

Pitch, stress, rhythm, tempo, modulation, and pause form the vocal constituent of rhetorical delivery.


It inherits deliberate rule and incentive design around participant choice, and adds the operations-specific demand surface, marginal consumer, capacity constraint, elasticity, and price-promotion-substitution-channel lever set.

Demand Shaping is Mechanism Design specialized to changing the demand-side choice environment so self-interested selection moves a capacity mismatch toward feasible supply.


Accountability supplies an internal constituent: Responsibility for actions. Demobilization requires that role within this mechanism: The planned, owned closing phase of a deployment in which every committed resource is released in dependency-aware waves, reconciled, and formally signed off — activated before full control is reached, while coordination capacity is still high. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.

Accountability is an internal constituent of Demobilization; removing that role breaks part of the child's defining mechanism.


The plan aligns multiple jurisdictions and resource owners before coordination capacity dissipates, preventing individually reasonable departures from leaving collective obligations unresolved. Coordination supplies an internal constituent: Aligning independently controlled actors so their separate actions combine into a coherent collective outcome despite distributed decision-making and incomplete shared information. Demobilization requires that role within this mechanism: The planned, owned closing phase of a deployment in which every committed resource is released in dependency-aware waves, reconciled, and formally signed off — activated before full control is reached, while coordination capacity is still high. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.

Demobilization coordinates independently owned personnel, assets, obligations, and handoffs into one completed closing phase.


Resources depart in an order constrained by distance, supervisory dependencies, inventory gates, and reconciliation requirements; changing that order changes whether the closeout succeeds. Sequencing supplies an internal constituent: Deliberately ordering steps under precedence constraints so that the arrangement itself, not just the set of tasks, determines the outcome. Demobilization requires that role within this mechanism: The planned, owned closing phase of a deployment in which every committed resource is released in dependency-aware waves, reconciled, and formally signed off — activated before full control is reached, while coordination capacity is still high. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.

Dependency-aware wave release is a constituent of demobilization rather than an optional scheduling detail.


Dendritic Integration is aggregation specialized to nonlinear, thresholded combining within semi-independent dendritic branches before propagation to the soma. Aggregation supplies the genus: Deliberately collapsing many items into a single summary, choosing which information to discard to gain tractability. Dendritic Integration preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Treat a single neuron not as a weighted-sum threshold unit but as a small layered nonlinear network, where synaptic inputs are combined nonlinearly within individual dendritic branches — depending on where they sit and how clustered they are — before summing at the soma. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Density current is a flow subtype whose direction and rate are selected by gravitational adjustment of a density contrast. Both require directional transport of matter at a rate through a medium under a driving gradient and continuity constraints. Density current additionally requires a denser moving body, lighter ambient medium, gravity-driven front, and stratified interface.


Density current presupposes a density-ordered relation between the moving body and ambient medium that lets gravity maintain the underflow or intrusion geometry. Equalize density and remove the ordered interface and the gravity-current drive, front, and underflow geometry disappear even if forced mixing or flow remains. Density current is a directed transport process; stratification is the layered state or relation and can exist in a motionless column.


The pathology occurs when the collected predicates admit no jointly compatible assignment under the runtime namespace rules; remove those constraints and the dependency graph alone does not create the conflict.

Mechanically checkable version constraints are constitutive parts of the dependency-hell feasibility problem.


Without package-to-package dependency edges there is no closure over which version requirements can collide, although dependency itself is the substrate rather than the pathology. Dependency supplies the prerequisite condition: Directed relation in which one element relies on another being present, prior, compatible, or supplied, with a specifiable failure mode if the condition is unmet. Dependency Hell operates against that background: The pathological state where a project's transitive dependency closure holds mutually incompatible version constraints, turning installation into an NP-complete constraint-satisfaction problem that no edge-level patch can resolve. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.

Dependency hell presupposes a directed reliance graph whose transitive closure gathers the conflicting requirements.


Deposit concentration risk retains the general condition in which funding can disappear faster than replacement liquidity can be raised and adds the deposit-base differentia: withdrawal-capable claims are concentrated among a few providers or correlated through a shared driver.

Deposit concentration risk is funding fragility caused by concentrated or correlated withdrawal-capable funding claims.


When a bank has many nominal depositors linked by a shared industry, advisor network, geography, or information channel, ordinary-period multiplicity disguises a single stress driver and the effective depositor count collapses during a run. Removing the banking frame preserves the complete apparent-variety/shared-driver structure. The edge is conditional because the alternate few-large-depositor branch is transparently concentrated and contains no apparent variety.

In the nominally broad but correlated-depositor branch, stripping banking reveals surface multiplicity coupled by a hidden driver and an effective count that collapses under stress.


Deposit concentration risk applies the neutral dependency-weight structure to bank funding. Removing deposits, insurance status, withdrawal runs, prudential controls, and asset-liquidation timing leaves a dependent system, weighted providers, concentration and common-mode structure, an effective provider count, and downstream fragility governed by that distribution. The parent is therefore the portable skeleton rather than the taxonomic kind of the banking risk object.

Removing deposits, insurance, run dynamics, and asset-liquidity framing leaves dependency weight concentrated across funding providers, with fragility governed by effective rather than nominal provider count.


A single massive or reworked deposit need not form discrete preserved layers, so the live parent's time-ordered stacking commitments cannot be made universal. Layered Accumulation supplies the genus: Sequential time-ordered deposition in which each new layer rests atop the prior ones, so the position of a layer encodes when it formed and the stack becomes a readable record of history. Deposition preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: The process by which material carried by a transporting medium is laid down where the medium's carrying capacity falls below its load — coarsest and densest first — so the deposit's geometry records the energy history of the transport that ended there. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.

Deposition is typically a transport-and-settling specialization of layered accumulation when successive emplacement events remain ordered and preserve a readable stratigraphic record.


Convergence supplies the indexed approximants, ambient closeness structure, target limit, mode, and existence verdict. Derivative fixes those roles to difference quotients as h tends to zero and adds tangent, sensitivity, local-linearization, and differentiation rules.

Derivative contains the convergence of difference quotients to one limit as the input increment approaches zero.


Function Mapping supplies f, its domain, codomain, and single-valued input-output rule. Derivative adds the difference quotient, limiting construction, differentiability gate, tangent and local-approximation identities, and calculus composition rules.

A Derivative requires a Function Mapping whose output response to nearby input changes is evaluated at a base point.


Fragmentation, sequence, modulation, contrapuntal combination, and dissolution are rule-governed mappings on inherited material. The source explicitly excludes merely introducing unrelated new material. After the arts_humanities frame is stripped away, the retained structural roles are those of Transformation: A rule-governed mapping that restructures an input into a different output, holding certain invariants fixed while altering others. Development Section adds the local frame and commitments expressed in its identity: The middle division of sonata form, between exposition and recapitulation, whose job is to transform already-heard themes — fragmenting, sequencing, modulating through distant keys, combining them contrapuntally — to manufacture the instability that makes the home-key return feel necessary. The parent pattern remains recognizable without that vocabulary, while the child is the framed realization of it. That preservation test establishes decomposition rather than taxonomic subsumption.

The section systematically restructures already-introduced material while retaining enough identity for the altered results to be heard as its working-through.


Removing the Hegelian and Marxian vocabulary leaves a rule-governed transition from one system configuration to another, with prior content partly preserved and partly altered. Transformation is therefore the portable structural core. Dialectics adds the narrower claim that the driver is immanent contradiction and that succession has the preserve-negate-transcend form of sublation.

Dialectics is the philosophical-historical framing of transformation as change driven by a system's immanent contradictions and resolved through sublation.


Dialogism's inhabited word, voice field, multi-voiced utterance, and mapped relations have no object unless multiple social languages or prior voices are present within the discourse. Heteroglossia names that object-side condition; Dialogism adds the anti-monologic thesis, anticipated-addressee orientation, and four-move interpretive procedure.

A dialogistic reading requires an utterance field already stratified by socially and historically distinguishable voices that can reaccent one another.


Its bounded procedure takes a representational substrate, identifies evidence in register shifts and borrowed words, applies a framework of voice relations, and returns a reading answerable to textual marks. Those are Interpretation's genus roles; the Bakhtinian voice inventory and anti-monologic commitment are the literary differentia.

Dialogism is a constrained meaning-recovery operation over an utterance, specialized by mapping socially inherited voices and their relations.


The protocol deletes rejection, retaliation, reputation, and reciprocal return. Its residual observation is therefore not a pure altruism estimate but the broader fact that another agent's payoff enters the allocator's evaluation.

Removing the unilateral-allocation laboratory apparatus leaves the cross-payoff preference that any positive transfer reveals once strategy is stripped away.


The triggering possession does not merely cause several independent purchases. Each upgrade changes the comparison set for the goods still left behind, allowing the disturbance to advance through the coupled ensemble until no salient mismatch remains. That receiver-becomes-source sequence is Cascade's defining propagation mode. The Diderot Effect specializes it with consumer complementarity, reference-standard reset, aesthetic and status coherence, and a typically more expensive terminal ensemble.

The Diderot Effect is a consumer-purchase Cascade in which one ensemble-disrupting acquisition makes complementary upgrades trigger further adjustments until a new unity closes.


The diegetic/non-diegetic distinction is load-bearing: it supplies a demarcation criterion, an inside/outside assignment, and different access rules on the two sides. Without that boundary, the concept cannot decide whether a score, voice-over, interface element, or nested story belongs to the world or only to the work that presents it. Boundary is therefore a constituent of Diegesis, not merely a useful comparison.

A Diegesis contains an operative inside-outside Boundary that separates character-accessible story-world elements from artifact-level elements addressed only to the audience.


Diegesis is not an independently occurring world but the internally coherent target a narrative artifact constructs and makes available to an audience. Its characters, objects, events, and rules are recovered through a medium under representational conventions. Removing that target-medium mapping leaves no diegesis distinct from the actual world or from the artifact itself, so Representation is a strict prerequisite rather than a broader narrative genus.

Diegesis presupposes Representation because a story-world exists as the target recovered from a narrative artifact's selective, convention-governed representation.


Each level encloses a diegesis with characters, events, and local truth conditions. The child adds an embedding-depth index, a narrator position, and rules for whether assertions can cross the boundary; without the contained story-world those level-specific knowledge and accountability claims disappear.

A diegetic level contains a story-world whose truth conditions and accessibility are indexed by its depth and narrator position.


The live DiD identity explicitly excludes researcher randomization and applies to observational interventions. A real-world rollout supplies the treatment/control split, parallel trends is the as-if-random defence, pre-trend and placebo tests probe its failure, and the estimator recovers a scoped causal effect. The child adds the two-group by two-period data structure, double subtraction, differential-shock boundary, and variant ladder.

Difference-in-differences is a natural experiment specialized to found treatment variation across groups and time whose causal warrant is the defended parallel-trends assumption.


DiD's two arithmetic differences construct the missing post-treatment outcome for treated units from their pre-treatment level plus the control group's change. The final double difference is therefore observed treated outcome minus that counterfactual baseline; parallel trends governs the baseline's validity, while the broader prime does not require that one recipe.

Removing the two-by-two econometric frame from DiD leaves estimation by subtracting a constructed untreated baseline from the observed treated outcome.


Derivative supplies the instantaneous local-change operators appearing in the equation. Differential Equation adds an unknown state function, a law relating state to those derivatives, order and ODE/PDE classifications, selecting data, solution families, stability, and well-posedness.

A Differential Equation contains one or more Derivatives of its unknown function as terms in the governing rate law.


Hash-then-sign is the normal construction: any byte change alters the digest, and collision resistance prevents transferring the mark to a second message. The relation is not strict because direct-message and internally specialized schemes can preserve the signing identity without exposing a separate hash.

Digital signatures typically presuppose a collision-resistant Cryptographic Hash Function that binds a bounded signing operation to the exact message.


The child retains a mathematically linked key pair, infeasible private-key recovery, and opposite public/private capabilities. It fixes the operation to message-bound signing and adds authenticity, integrity, non-repudiation, a collision-resistant digest, and a PKI binding requirement.

A Digital Signature is the sign-and-publicly-verify species of Public-Key Cryptography, using the private key to produce and the public key to check.


It binds one principal to one artifact through a tamper-evident mark that any third party can evaluate against an anchor. RSA/ECDSA/Ed25519, hashing, PKI, revocation, and cryptographic key failures supply the narrower domain cargo.

A Digital Signature is Attestation implemented with a private-key mark, public-key trust anchor, message digest, and deterministic public check.


A private-key holder alone can produce a valid signature while anyone with the public key can check it, and publication of the checking capability does not widen signing authority. The child adds message hashing, public-key algebra, PKI, authenticity, integrity, non-repudiation, and revocation.

Removing cryptographic machinery leaves restricted issuance, open verification, and a forgery barrier that checking does not confer.


Public checkability is constitutive, not a downstream optional application. The signature assembly adds private production, message binding, a trust anchor, non-repudiation, and key-management apparatus beyond the check itself.

A Digital Signature strictly contains Verification as the public procedure that checks the mark-message-key relation and returns valid or invalid.


Remove the action-to-visible-effect return path and the user must reconstruct state after issuing commands, destroying the perception-action closure that produces felt directness. The child constrains loop latency and routes it through a rendered object.

Direct Manipulation contains a tight feedback loop in which every incremental action immediately returns a perceptible state change.


Representation distinguishes the paradigm from an actor directly changing the world. The child adds physical incremental action on the rendering, immediate visible effects, reversibility, and the direct-versus-symbolic error profile.

Direct Manipulation contains a continuously rendered representation of the object or system state on which the user acts.


Framing supplies construal; discourse adds venue, speakers, admissibility, historical accumulation, and contestation over the frame. Framing supplies an internal constituent: Presentation shapes perception. Discourse requires that role within this mechanism: Treat a topic's talk as a regime — a vocabulary, roster of recognised speakers, admissibility rules, and precedent history — that governs which utterances are sayable, hearable, and consequential, rather than as the sum of what was said. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.

Discourse contains framing because its topic vocabulary and accumulated precedent configure how an unchanged utterance is construed, weighted, and made consequential.


The gate is distributed across venue rules and subject positions, but inclusion and exclusion remain constitutive of sayability and hearability. Gatekeeping supplies an internal constituent: An actor or mechanism at a choke point exercises selective passage control, shaping the downstream distribution in ways the audience cannot directly observe. Discourse requires that role within this mechanism: Treat a topic's talk as a regime — a vocabulary, roster of recognised speakers, admissibility rules, and precedent history — that governs which utterances are sayable, hearable, and consequential, rather than as the sum of what was said. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.

Discourse contains gatekeeping because recognized-speaker rosters and admissibility rules determine whose moves enter the regime and count as evidence or response.


Legitimacy supplies recognized authority; gatekeeping separately determines passage into the regime. Legitimacy supplies an internal constituent: Accepted authority. Discourse requires that role within this mechanism: Treat a topic's talk as a regime — a vocabulary, roster of recognised speakers, admissibility rules, and precedent history — that governs which utterances are sayable, hearable, and consequential, rather than as the sum of what was said. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.

Discourse contains legitimacy because a regime must recognize some speakers, evidence types, and moves as carrying warranted standing rather than mere presence.


Coverage/reachability supplies the target set, pathway set, reaching relation, and gap. Discoverability specializes these to supported system capabilities, the perception-and-exploration paths available through the encountered interface, and a goal-weighted degree of coverage under bounded search cost.

HCI discoverability is coverage and reachability specialized to the goal-weighted portion of a capability set reachable through bounded perception and exploration.


Labels, placement, hierarchy, previews, empty-state guidance, and search surfaces are perceptible cues that announce action possibilities. Their cumulative presence and placement generate the encountered-set side of the discoverability ratio and are internal to the property being measured.

Discoverability contains the perceptible signifiers through which supported actions enter the user's bounded exploratory option set.


The positive node defines system-level findability across a capability set. The failure node can then identify the specific zero-cue case in its debt: a wanted implemented capability absent from every sampled surface. The property is the diagnostic substrate, not an internal part or a genus whose positive and negative range the defect inherits.

A discoverability failure presupposes the graded discoverability property whose supported-versus-encountered gap the defect diagnosis thresholds and localizes.


The HCI node adds interface surfaces, telemetry, an interaction-loop position, concrete cue types, and a design remedy. Without those, the exact remaining relation is a real capability absent from the option set because none of the prospective user's sampled surfaces signals it.

Removing the interface-design frame from discoverability failure leaves the invisible-affordance pattern of a real capability excluded from an agent's option set because sampled surfaces do not signal it.


The lattice is the substrate the defect disrupts, not an internal part of the defect or its genus. Without long-range periodic order, the same local disorder is an amorphous rearrangement, interface, or crack rather than a dislocation.

A Dislocation requires a translational crystal lattice whose otherwise regular rows can carry a Burgers-vector line misregistry and a defined slip plane.


It inherits regular substrate, localized deviation, stress concentration, coupling-mediated propagation, disproportionate bulk consequence, and defect- engineering leverage. Line dimension, Burgers vector, slip, and multiplication are its differentia.

Dislocation is the conserved line-misfit species of Defect whose motion through a periodic lattice produces plastic strain at far below ideal shear stress.


The same market price cannot count as a winner or loser until it is compared with an acquisition anchor. Remove that purchase-price frame and the PGR versus PLR partition, the break-even target, and the gain-domain versus loss-domain distinction all become undefined.

The Disposition Effect contains a frame of reference centered on the purchase price that classifies an unrealized position as a gain or a loss.