Loss Aversion supplies the asymmetric value assigned to an equal-sized move above versus below the purchase-price reference and helps explain reluctance to realize a loss. The edge is typical because tax timing, beliefs, attention, regret, and trading constraints can also produce or amplify a PGR-minus-PLR gap; the trading statistic does not by itself identify loss aversion.

The canonical behavioral-finance account usually contains loss aversion around the purchase-price anchor, while the observed realization gap alone does not uniquely establish that mechanism.


Both retain a dominated, out-voted signal in an addressable record so it can be retrieved after conditions or the governing majority change; dissent adds internal membership, public registration, and personal cost.

Stripped of its human-institutional standing and sanction frame, dissent is minority-signal preservation.


Dissent contains a costly observable act that reveals privately held disagreement to the institution and separates earnest opposition from an unregistered or costless reservation. Signaling supplies an internal constituent: Revealing hidden information. Dissent requires that role within this mechanism: The publicly registered disagreement of a member inside a body against its own established position, accepted at asymmetric personal cost — a costly signal that serves as the institution's error-correction channel across time. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.

The dissenter's asymmetric personal cost makes the registered disagreement a credible signal rather than cheap talk.


Focusing is a producing mechanism inside this branch, while Distinction Bias adds the joint/separate procedure mismatch. Some mode effects arise from evaluability or prototype access without the stronger causal-weight overread.

In the attention-mediated branch, side-by-side display puts the differing attribute in focus and inflates its evaluative weight above its causal contribution to later isolated experience.


It inherits the identical option set, mode-attribute coupling, procedure- determined verdict, and possible ranking shift, then adds systematic overprediction of experienced utility and the compare-easy/evaluate-hard condition.

Distinction Bias is the decision-versus-experience species of Joint vs. Separate Evaluation: joint mode makes a comparison-easy attribute carry the choice, while isolated use activates a different evaluable subset.


It inherits a candidate field, finite processing resource, selective gate, and attended-versus-filtered consequence. It adds a primary task, a secondary competitor, against-intent reallocation, primary-task decrement, and recovery tail.

Distraction is selective Attention specialized to involuntary secondary- stimulus capture against the agent's active task or goal.


The scarce selection pool is the conserved quantity in the capture event. Its reallocation explains why the primary task slows or degrades and why an arrival that can be absorbed without resource competition is not distraction.

Distraction contains the finite Attentional Capacity transferred from the primary task to a competing secondary input.


Intensity, novelty, motion, and contrast often give the secondary stimulus exactly the surround-relative score the live Salience prime names. The qualifier is necessary: value-driven or motivational capture can arise from the perceiver's learned relevance without high bottom-up contrast.

Exogenous distraction typically contains a high-Salience competitor whose bottom-up contrast wins limited processing capacity.


DCAT-style distribution records normally declare an access or download URL as part of the per-form delivery contract, letting a consumer fetch the artifact selected by media type. Yet the form/content and catalog identity of a distribution can survive when the artifact is offline, on removable media, or temporarily lacks a published route, so the dependency is typical rather than universal.

A network-published distribution typically presupposes an access endpoint carrying the fetch route, while offline or physically delivered forms do not.


The distribution is a typed catalog entry for one concrete packaging of a dataset. Its delivery contract must say which media type, encoding, or carrier realizes that logical resource; this resource-to-controlled-format binding is exactly the format relation. Other distribution fields such as size, checksum, URL, and license do not replace that constitutive binding.

A distribution-form record contains a format relation binding the logical resource to the media type or controlled format in which that form is made.


It inherits a calibrated apparatus used outside its sampled operating envelope while its confidence indicator remains structurally blind to the regime exit. The child fixes the apparatus to a learned model and adds training-support coverage, per-input distance scoring, model-card documentation, and abstention.

Distributional Blind Spot is extrapolation beyond a sampled regime specialized to a model confidently predicting in input regions its training distribution never covered.


Removing upward replacement eliminates the canonical coastal, equatorial, and ridge branches but leaves atmospheric descent and lateral-replacement cases intact. Applies where the replacement reservoir lies below the divergence plane, including oceanic upwelling and mantle rise; not to descending-air or lateral-refill cases.

Oceanic and ridge divergence commonly contain upwelling as the compensating replacement flow.


Without conservation of mass, surface separation would not imply a deficit that must be filled, so the location and magnitude of replacement flow would not follow.

Divergence-zone inference presupposes mass conservation to require compensating replacement.


Remove structured movement away from the primary plane and movement from an adjacent reservoir into the deficit, and the three-part divergence mechanism disappears. Flow supplies an internal constituent: Structured movement of energy, matter, or information. Divergence Zone requires that role within this mechanism: A geophysical-fluid pattern in which surface material flows apart, opening a deficit that mass conservation forces to be filled by inflow from an adjacent reservoir — so the consequence is set not by the separation but by the replacement reservoir's properties. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.

A divergence zone contains surface outflow and compensating replacement flow.


Both continuously replace components while a persistent system-level structure remains. The child fixes surface separation, a mass deficit, compensating inflow, and outcome determined by the replacement reservoir.

A divergence zone is turnover specialized to separation-driven replacement from an adjacent reservoir.


DLL Hell requires multiple clients to depend on a shared mutable library slot whose winning version can violate one client's assumed interface. Dependency supplies the prerequisite condition: Directed relation in which one element relies on another being present, prior, compatible, or supplied, with a specifiable failure mode if the condition is unmet. DLL Hell operates against that background: The failure mode where programs share dynamic libraries through one global single-version-wins namespace, so an unrelated install overwrites a version another program depends on and silently breaks it — cured by breaking the single-version-wins invariant. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


The loser-pays rule turns the second-highest bid into exposure that is lost on exit. Each cheap increment offers a route from certain loss to possible recovery, so the current state locks the player into continuation even though non-entry dominated the induced path.

Stripping the discrete auction frame leaves a state in which current exposure makes the forward cost of exit exceed one more step of staying.


Both deny recovery of an earlier state after a directionally destructive transformation removes its supporting structure. The child fixes the state to a complex inherited character, the destructive process to relaxed selection and pseudogenization, the foreclosure horizon to molecular decay kinetics, and a later look-alike to convergent rebuilding rather than identical reversal.

Dollo's law is irreversibility specialized to the post-loss decay of complex genetic-developmental scaffolding.


Both make the current reachable state set depend on the route by which the system arrived rather than on present selection alone. The child fixes the history to loss duration and preservation or pseudogenization of a multi-locus developmental pathway, so identical present selective pressure yields reversal before the decay horizon and only fresh convergence after it.

Dollo's law is path dependence specialized to evolutionary accessibility changing with the lineage's trait-loss and scaffold-decay history.


The child retains the parent mapping from game contingencies to actions but adds a statewise payoff ordering that makes the choice independent of beliefs about opponents. Not every strategy is dominant and most games contain none.

A dominant strategy is a game-theoretic strategy whose payoff is at least as high as every alternative against every opponent profile.


The object remains an action prescription inside a strategic payoff map. It adds the every-contingency worse-than relation, strict-versus-weak grading, and the consequent elimination rule; generic game strategies need not be dominated.

A dominated strategy is a game-theoretic strategy for which another available strategy performs at least as well against every opponent profile.


It preserves the genus's requester, target ask, deliberately staged precursor, sequence-dependent mediator, and above-baseline compliance outcome. Its differentia fixes the precursor as a large plausible request expected to be refused, the later request as smaller, and the chief mediator as reciprocal concession.

Door-in-the-Face is a Sequential Compliance Technique specialized to large-refused-then-small ordering, with the requester's retreat producing reciprocal-concession and contrast pressure.


Same-source and prompt-follow-up effects support reciprocal concession as a real internal mechanism, not merely background relevance. The qualifier remains typical because perceptual contrast and guilt repair can contribute, the mediators overlap, and the empirical effect is not defined by proof that reciprocity alone produced it.

Door-in-the-Face typically contains Reciprocity as its chief mediator: the requester's apparent concession creates pressure for the target to concede in return.


It inherits the many-to-many compatibility burden, common accepted hub, N-by-N to N-by-1 collapse, adoption threshold, and network lock-in; endowments, preferences, barter search cost, and money are the monetary-economic differentia.

Double Coincidence of Wants is Common-Medium Intermediation specialized to barter, where money replaces bilateral want matching with separate sell-to-medium and buy-from-medium transactions.


The price-system framing is constitutive here: each firm's private pricing calculation omits the demand-mediated cost imposed on the other stage, so private and joint profit diverge. This direct constituent is retained because the new substrate-neutral serial-failure parent does not require every non-market child to contain an economic externality.

Double Marginalization contains an Externality because each firm's markup shrinks the demand and profit base available to the other firm without that loss entering its own pricing objective.


It inherits the serial stages, locally optimized controls, omitted cross-stage effects, compounded deviation, and better joint benchmark. It specializes them to vertically related firms with market power, wholesale and retail prices, stacked markups, downward-sloping final demand, and vertical-contract or integration remedies.

Double Marginalization is the vertical-pricing species of Serial Local Optimization Failure in which firms in a production or distribution chain independently add markups against a shared final-demand curve.


Capacity initially lowers car cost, riders substitute from transit, and later service degradation shifts the same schedule again; the mechanism cannot operate on a fixed quantity point with no cost responsiveness.

Downs-Thomson presupposes demand because commuters' quantities by mode respond to generalized travel-time cost through an elastic substitution schedule.


The transient road-speed benefit is explicitly not the result; the paradox is the long-run balanced state after the feedback closes and mode shares settle. Equilibrium supplies the prerequisite condition: Balanced state. Downs–Thomson Paradox operates against that background: The transport result that equilibrium car travel time is set not by road capacity but by the quality of the parallel transit alternative — because expanding roads bleeds ridership, degrades patronage-elastic transit service, and pushes riders back until the road re-congests. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.

Downs-Thomson presupposes equilibrium because its claim concerns the stable modal split and travel-time balance reached after commuters can no longer improve generalized travel time by switching modes.


The paradox runs the Mohring effect in reverse; road improvement removes riders, reduced patronage degrades frequency and route coverage, lower service value removes more riders, and the road re-congests.

Downs-Thomson contains an indirect network effect because transit service becomes more valuable to each rider as patronage funds higher frequency, and less valuable as patronage falls.


It preserves transported quantity, rate, direction, driver, and continuity while fixing the vertical sign and rotating-stratified-fluid setting. Flow supplies the genus: Structured movement of energy, matter, or information. Downwelling preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: The oceanographic process by which surface fluid converges and sinks under mass conservation, carrying heat, oxygen, and carbon into the interior — the paired complement of upwelling, splitting into gentle gyre subduction and rapid deep convection. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.

Downwelling is the vertical-transfer specialization of flow in which convergence or buoyancy loss moves surface fluid and its tracers into a lower interior reservoir.


Without resource asymmetry, always-on deliberation dominates and the recruitment boundary, cost asymmetry, miserliness, and load interventions lose their rationale. Bounded Rationality supplies the prerequisite condition: Limited decision capacity. Dual-process Theory operates against that background: Models cognition as the interaction of a fast, automatic, associative process (System 1) supplying default responses and a slow, effortful, rule-based process (System 2) selectively recruited to endorse or override them under conflict, novelty, or stakes. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.

Dual-process theory presupposes bounded rationality because its fast default and selectively recruited slow process are an architecture for cognition under limited time, attention, and effort.


The cognitive framework adds bias profiles, fatigable deliberation, miserliness, overthinking, and practice rewriting intuition; the asymmetric two-path skeleton survives. After the psychology_cognitive_science frame is stripped away, the retained structural roles are those of Fast-Path / Slow-Path Architecture: Handle the common case cheaply and escalate the exceptional case to an expensive path via a trigger. Dual-process Theory adds the local frame and commitments expressed in its identity: Models cognition as the interaction of a fast, automatic, associative process (System 1) supplying default responses and a slow, effortful, rule-based process (System 2) selectively recruited to endorse or override them under conflict, novelty, or stakes. The parent pattern remains recognizable without that vocabulary, while the child is the framed realization of it. That preservation test establishes decomposition rather than taxonomic subsumption.

Removing System 1/System 2 phenomenology leaves the fast-path/slow-path architecture of a cheap default, costly broad override, and selective escalation trigger.


Dunbar's number specializes constraint to a cognitively bounded working set of mutually tracked social relationships. Constraint supplies the genus: Limits possibilities to guide outcomes. Dunbar's Number preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Cap the working set of warm, mutually-tracked social bonds an individual can hold at roughly 150, because pairwise-relationship tracking scales as O(N-squared) against a fixed neocortical budget, with nested inner shells at ~5, ~15, and ~50. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Remove the many-moments-to-one-summary operation and there is no scalar remembered evaluation in which duration can be underweighted. Aggregation is the internal compression operation; Duration Neglect specifies the human-memory rule and its systematic error.

Duration Neglect contains Aggregation because it compresses a temporally extended experience into one retrospective summary while discarding most of the trajectory.


It inherits a mapping-induced deviation between input and output: a value-bearing trajectory is mapped to a remembered scalar that is not a faithful rendering of the lived integral. The differentia are episodic evaluation, negligible duration weight, and peak-and-end construction.

Duration Neglect is a Distortion specialized to retrospective evaluation whose peak-and-end mapping systematically drops temporal extent.


The spending effect raises the domestic price of non-tradables relative to tradables and the resource-movement effect bids labor and capital toward the booming sector. Currency competitiveness and factor supply are the finite shared channels through which the booming sector displaces other tradables.

Removing the open-economy frame leaves one successful activity displacing others through shared currency and factor substrates.


The source explicitly uses hedonic adaptation as a compounding explanation: an income gain initially changes subjective wellbeing, recent experience and aspirations become the new baseline, and the response drifts back. Relative income alone can generate the core divergence, so the relation is typical rather than strict; routing through Hedonic Treadmill also avoids a flattened direct shortcut to its Adaptation parent.

A typical Easterlin explanation contains the Hedonic Treadmill mechanism by which income gains are re-baselined and lose part of their initial wellbeing effect.


The entry's defining reconciliation separates absolute income from standing against a reference group. Remove the ordered peer distribution and the rank-to-wellbeing component and a common rise in income should preserve the positive cross-sectional slope through time, eliminating the mechanism that makes the two slopes diverge.

The Easterlin reconciliation contains a relative-income component in which welfare depends on income rank against a moving peer distribution.


The child retains two variables on shared units, direction and strength of co-variation, and the non-causal status of the coefficient. It adds that the units are group summaries, within-group variation has been discarded, and the resulting coefficient licenses no claim about individual units.

Ecological correlation is a correlation specialized to variables measured on partition-aggregated groups rather than individuals.


The live parent states that any observable computed on partition- aggregated data is a function of the partition because the grouping fixes the within/between variance split. The child instantiates that complete structure for correlation and adds the comparison to the individual-level coefficient and the prohibition on reading the group result downward. This exact intermediary carries the aggregation dependency, so no direct ecological-correlation-to-aggregation shortcut is added.

Ecological correlation is the correlation-coefficient species of partition dependence: grouping fixes the retained between-group variance.


The framework deliberately reduces a heterogeneous demand vector to a single global-hectare total, preserving additive demand while suppressing internal composition. Without that many-to-one summary there is no total footprint to compare with biocapacity.

Ecological Footprint contains the lossy aggregation that collapses multiple standardized demand components into one total area.


Footprint alone is demand. Its live identity becomes a sustainability account only when demand is compared with a regenerative supply limit, and overshoot means present use consumes stocks and lowers future support. That is the sustainable-load structure supplied by Carrying Capacity.

Interpreting footprint as reserve or overshoot requires the biocapacity envelope that can regenerate the demanded resource flows without eroding its substrate.


Remove the shared unit and cropland, fishery, forest, built area, and carbon-sequestration demand can no longer be compared or summed. The common-metric construction is therefore a constitutive part of the accounting framework.

A common global-hectare metric makes heterogeneous land, sea, carbon, food, and material demands commensurable inside the footprint.


It maps a population's resource demand onto a global-hectare scale under explicit yield and equivalence factors. It adds the biocapacity supply comparison and overshoot interpretation to Measurement's general target-to-scale operation.

Ecological Footprint is a measurement specialized to biophysical demand expressed as standardized productive-area equivalents.


Ecological inference is not merely used after aggregation happened elsewhere. Its formal problem statement contains the many-to-one map from individual joint cells to observed group totals, and the map's fibers are exactly the set of nonidentified solutions. Removing that constituent changes the problem into a different inverse problem with a different observation channel.

The lossy aggregation operator is an internal constituent of the ecological inverse problem, mapping many joint distributions to the same marginals.


Marginals alone yield Duncan-Davis bounds. A point estimate or narrower interval requires ruling out otherwise observationally equivalent joint distributions through a distributional restriction, independence claim, prior, or another constraint. The edge is conditional because a decision can sometimes be settled by the assumption-free bounds without attempting tighter recovery.

When inference is tightened beyond arithmetic bounds, an explicit identifying assumption bears the additional conclusion.


Remove the intended transfer from group-level marginals to an individual-level joint distribution and the ecological inference problem disappears; only an ordinary description of aggregate totals remains. The problem is not itself a kind of inference: it is the underdetermination and identifying-assumption burden created by attempting that specific cross-level move.

Ecological Inference Problem presupposes a downward Cross-Level Inference whose individual-level target must be recovered from group-level marginal evidence.


The child preserves the live target, observation map, induced equivalence class, uniqueness test, separation from estimation noise, and structural repair levers. It fixes the target to subgroup behavior, the channel to lossy aggregation, the non-singleton class to distributions consistent with the same marginals, and the first no-assumption answer to bounds.

Ecological inference is the identifiability problem whose hidden target is an individual joint distribution and whose observation map returns group marginals.


Bounds, posterior distributions, ecological regression, and model-based recovery all reason from finite aggregate observations to an underlying individual process while quantifying what the data leave uncertain. The node names the underdetermined task and its warrant discipline, not the general inferential activity or one estimator used to solve it.

The ecological inverse problem presupposes inference from observed group totals to uncertain unobserved subgroup behavior.


Both require a historically reliable cue, a fast installed response, a slower update channel, environmental change that breaks the cue-value coupling, and greater harm from more faithful cue following. The child fixes the agent to an organism, the installed rule to natural selection, the objective to fitness, and the consequence to a preferred demographic sink.

An ecological trap is evolutionary trap specialized to an organism's evolved habitat, mate, or oviposition decision and a fitness-valued outcome.


Solow, Harrod-Domar, Ramsey, and many endogenous-growth models evolve a productive stock through investment minus depreciation. The constituent is typical rather than strict at the family level because innovation-, institution-, demography-, or resource-centered growth models can place a different state or transition engine at the center without treating physical capital accumulation as constitutive.

Economic Growth Models typically contain Capital Accumulation as the stock-flow engine translating saving or investment into changes in productive capacity.


Most canonical growth models solve for a stationary capital ratio, a balanced-growth path, or a warranted rate and then ask whether trajectories converge to or diverge from it. Transition-only, non-equilibrium, evolutionary, and historically contingent models can study long-run change without making an equilibrium path constitutive, so the family-level relation is typical.

Economic Growth Models typically contain a steady-state, balanced-growth, or warranted Equilibrium against which transitional paths and stability are analyzed.


Economic Growth Models specialize state-transition structure by fixing the state to productive stocks and capabilities, defining output over that state, and supplying economic transition rules for investment, depreciation, population or labor, and technological change. The economic frame adds national income, per-capita growth, saving, and policy interpretation; the state-update skeleton remains intact when those are removed.

Removing macroeconomic vocabulary leaves a state-transition model whose productive stocks update through investment, depreciation, population, and technology rules.


EOQ fixes the grouping stream to inventory and supplies classical assumptions and a closed-form minimizing quantity. Batch Size supplies the genus: The granularity at which a stream of work is grouped, trading setup cost amortised per item against flow, delay, risk, and feedback-lag costs that rise with the group — producing an interior optimum. Economic Order Quantity preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Find the replenishment batch size minimizing total cost by summing a per-event ordering cost that falls with batch size and a per-unit-time holding cost that rises with it, giving a U-shaped curve whose flat-bottomed optimum is √(2DK/h). The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.

EOQ is batch size specialized to replenishment, deterministic demand, fixed ordering cost, linear holding cost, and the square-root optimum.


EOQ supplies decision variable Q, a total-cost objective, a feasible positive domain, and assumptions licensing the minimizer. Optimization supplies the genus: Finds best solution under constraints. Economic Order Quantity preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Find the replenishment batch size minimizing total cost by summing a per-event ordering cost that falls with batch size and a per-unit-time holding cost that rises with it, giving a U-shaped curve whose flat-bottomed optimum is √(2DK/h). The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.

EOQ is optimization specialized to minimizing ordering-plus-holding cost over a positive replenishment quantity under a fixed-demand model.


The innovation and the complementary asset do different work, yet the deployed function requires both. Complementarity supplies that jointly exhaustive role relation; the child adds an operating context in which one role is populated and the other is absent or inadequate.

A pair of non-overlapping but jointly necessary roles—the artifact and its missing complementary asset—is internal to Ecosystem Mismatch.


The artifact can be technically complete in isolation while remaining unable to function in use because operation depends on charging, distribution, skills, standards, approval, or another external asset. Dependency supplies that directed reliance inside the larger mismatch.

A directed reliance of the innovation's deployed function on the absent contextual asset is an internal constituent of Ecosystem Mismatch.


Interface Mismatch supplies two locally workable sides, a required exchange seam, and an offered-versus-required contract gap. Ecosystem Mismatch inherits that structure and specifies the sides as a technically sound innovation and its operating context, with deployment blocked because the context does not supply a required complementary asset.

Ecosystem Mismatch is the deployment-context species of Interface Mismatch, where an artifact's operating contract is not met by its surrounding complement system.


Natural Capital supplies the stock side of the entry's constitutive stock-versus-flow distinction. Ecosystem Services names the provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural flows delivered while the ecological asset remains functional; without a standing system that can be maintained or depleted, the services lose their source and their future-capacity interpretation. The relation does not collapse stock into flow: Natural Capital is the asset, Ecosystem Services are what it renders.

Ecosystem services presuppose the standing natural-system stock whose continuing function generates the benefit flows being classified and valued.


Ecosystem Services specializes value commensuration to heterogeneous ecological benefit flows translated into comparable decision-ledger values. Value Commensuration supplies the genus: Translate heterogeneous values into common metric for comparison. Ecosystem Services preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: The ecological-economics framework that disaggregates the diffuse good a natural system does into four non-fungible categories of benefit flow, each with a beneficiary and a proxy value, so an off-ledger bundle enters land-use decisions and single-service optimization is exposed as a trade-off. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Edgeworth retains Bertrand's homogeneous goods, price setting, shared demand, and undercutting logic, then changes the unlimited-capacity assumption. Without the Bertrand benchmark there is no baseline result for the capacity constraint to overturn and no paradoxical shift from a pure cost-floor equilibrium to cycling.

The Edgeworth Paradox presupposes the Bertrand benchmark because it is defined by restoring the binding-capacity assumption that makes Bertrand's marginal-cost equilibrium collapse.


With binding capacity, every deterministic price profile admits a profitable deviation, so firms must randomize over price ranges in proportions that leave rivals indifferent. The observed cycling is the temporal signature of that mixed solution rather than a settled pure price.

A Mixed Strategy Equilibrium is the strict solution form underlying Edgeworth price cycling once no stable pure-price profile exists.


The result disappears when either seller can serve the entire market at the undercut price. Finite capacity partitions feasible supply, creates residual demand for the higher-priced seller, and breaks the best-response continuity supporting Bertrand's pure equilibrium.

A binding capacity Constraint below total demand is the strict constituent that discontinuously changes the price-competition best responses.


The omitted stories are not deliberately rejected after review; they never enter the newsroom's candidate set because the observation apparatus cannot reach them. That is exactly Vantage-Induced Omission, specialized to the institutional vantage of news production.

Editorial Blind Spot is the newsroom-structure specialization of Vantage-Induced Omission, where beats, bureaus, source networks, rhythms, and metrics make some stories unreachable.


Affordable-loss experiments and surprise-redirection have no operational content if the actor cannot revise resource combinations or goals. Adaptive Capacity must already obtain for effectual action to work, but the capacity is not itself one of Sarasvathy's domain-specific principles.

The logic presupposes an actor and coalition able to reorganize means and redirect goals as contingencies arrive.


The process does not merely adapt means to a fixed end. New stakeholders bring means and constrain possible goals, while emerging goals redirect which commitments are sought. That reciprocal adjustment is a constituent of the effectual trajectory; the five named principles supply the entrepreneurial differentia.

Effectuation contains reciprocal adjustment of means, stakeholders, and goals as commitments accumulate.


An effectual venture's endpoint is the residue of its commitment path rather than the execution of a fully specified prior goal. Reordering or replacing early stakeholder commitments can yield a different venture, making Path Dependence an internal mechanism rather than surrounding context.

Early affordable-loss commitments constrain later options and make the endpoint depend on the sequence taken.


Efficacy is the pharmacological Emax coordinate, but its defining work is explicitly relational: keep the ceiling independent of EC50, diagnose which coordinate binds, and switch the intervention rather than add input when the ceiling is limiting. It adds receptors, intrinsic activity, spare receptors, transduction, agonist classes, and tissue-specific observation conditions.

Removing receptor vocabulary from Efficacy leaves the separation of an intervention's intrinsic effect ceiling from the input needed to approach it.


Effort Justification is the self-rationalizing valuation species of Bias whose signed error raises an outcome's assessed worth following personally costly effort. A repeatable valuation procedure produces a directional displacement from a matched low-effort or observer target rather than random assessment noise. The displacement follows self-attributed effort toward the outcome and reduces dissonance between the cost incurred and the belief that the pursuit was worthwhile.


Coherent lava commonly leaves the vent and advances across the surface, producing the event's runout and inundation branch. Dome-building or predominantly ponded lava-lake eruptions can remain effusive without a developed downslope flow, so the constituent is typical rather than strict.

Effusive eruptions typically contain one or more geological lava flows as their coherent surface-transport product.


Both require internally generated magma, ascent through a conduit, decompression and degassing, and release or emplacement. The child fixes the gas-viscosity regime below fragmentation so magma exits as coherent lava rather than pyroclasts.

An effusive eruption is the coherent-lava discharge specialization of volcanism.


Without a critical gas-volume, viscosity, and relaxation relation separating gas escape from melt fragmentation, effusive is merely low-intensity flow rather than one side of a mechanistic mode boundary.

Effusive eruption presupposes the fragmentation threshold that separates coherent lava discharge from explosive shattering.


Stripping the social-cognition vocabulary leaves an estimate initialized from a salient starting point and moved insufficiently toward the evidence-warranted alternative. Egocentric Bias adds first-person privilege, an other-mind model, perspective-taking cost, and a family of axis-specific social errors.

Egocentric Bias is anchoring-and-insufficient-adjustment with the reasoner's own mental state fixed as the anchor and another perspective as the target.


Theory of Mind supplies the operation that attributes a mental state to an other agent. Egocentric Bias is a directional failure within that operation: the self's state contaminates the other-model. It is not a kind of the general capacity, which can be accurate and includes many non-egocentric attributions.

Egocentric Bias requires an agent to model another's attention, knowledge, preference, or contribution before its self-anchored model can be miscalibrated.


It preserves the parent's problem representation, familiar interpretation, suppressed alternative search, avoidable failure, and representation-disrupting intervention. It adds a method-level differentia: prior successful trials cue one stored procedure, and the solver reuses it even when a simpler or dominating procedure is available.

The Einstellung Effect is Problem-Solving Fixation specialized to a familiar solution procedure whose early retrieval blocks comparison with a superior method.


The driver and consequence remain distinct: lateral wind-forced transport first, vertical motion at the layer base second. Ekman Transport supplies the prerequisite condition: Predict where sustained wind drives ocean water by deflecting the net depth-integrated flux 90° from the wind — right in the Northern Hemisphere, left in the Southern — set by the balance of wind stress against the Coriolis force, magnitude τ/(ρf). Ekman Pumping operates against that background: Link the pattern of surface wind to vertical motion in the ocean interior: it is the curl of the wind stress, not its strength, that drives water down (anticyclonic) or up (cyclonic) at the base of the Ekman layer via w_E = curl(τ/ρf). If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.

Ekman pumping presupposes Ekman transport because its vertical velocity is the mass-conservation reply to spatial divergence or convergence of the horizontal depth-integrated flux.


It preserves rate, direction, transported matter, driving force, and continuity while adding the Coriolis-friction balance and latitude sign rule. Flow supplies the genus: Structured movement of energy, matter, or information. Ekman Transport preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Predict where sustained wind drives ocean water by deflecting the net depth-integrated flux 90° from the wind — right in the Northern Hemisphere, left in the Southern — set by the balance of wind stress against the Coriolis force, magnitude τ/(ρf). The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.

Ekman transport is the rotating-boundary-layer specialization of flow in which sustained wind stress drives a depth-integrated mass flux perpendicular to the wind.


Both formulations have repeated binary choice, payoff from avoiding the crowded action, adaptive predictor rules, and aggregate fluctuation. The standard N=100, k=60 bar, however, can reward a 55-person majority, so the taxonomic relation is valid only after the capacity payoff is specialized to a true minority rule.

El Farol becomes a literal Minority Game only in the symmetric binary formulation where the capacity rule rewards the numerically smaller side.


Predictor diversity is not decorative variation: different rules respond differently to the same attendance history, distribute behavior across attend and stay-home choices, and remain necessary because any uniform rule self-destructs.

The resolution contains functionally distinct predictor types whose nonuniform responses prevent a shared forecast from synchronizing the population.


The model's answer to failed common deduction is a population of agents selecting among hypotheses from observed past performance. That ampliative history-to-forecast move is an internal and explicitly named constituent.

Arthur's resolution contains agents generalizing from attendance history through competing forecasting hypotheses whose empirical scores are updated.


Attendance choices are concurrent access demands on a capacity-limited bar. Crossing the capacity changes service quality for attendees, and admission, staggering, partitioning, or demand shaping are the same structural intervention family.

Removing strategic forecasting leaves simultaneous demands for a finite shared facility whose value degrades as competing use crowds the bottleneck.


A common low-attendance forecast makes everyone attend, while a common high-attendance forecast makes everyone stay home. El Farol is a worked congestion model of the portable negative-reflexivity structure.

Removing the bar and forecasting protocol leaves a belief-driven forecast whose adoption moves behavior in the direction that falsifies it.


The value k is an internal decision and payoff boundary: attendance below it is desirable, attendance above it is not, and the adaptive population fluctuates around that same cutoff.

El Farol contains a capacity cutoff separating enjoyable from overcrowded attendance and organizing the aggregate fluctuations.


The route is one internal branch; ELM adds the selector, peripheral counterpart, and comparison of route-dependent durability. Central Route Processing supplies an internal constituent: The Elaboration Likelihood Model's pathway in which a recipient with both motivation and ability scrutinizes a message's argument substance, producing attitude change that is more durable, counter-persuasion-resistant, and behaviorally predictive than cue-driven peripheral change. Elaboration Likelihood requires that role within this mechanism: Predict the route by which a persuasive message changes attitudes from the recipient's motivation and ability — a central route scrutinising argument quality when both are high, a peripheral route riding surface cues otherwise — with central-route attitudes proving far more durable. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.

ELM contains central-route processing as the argument-scrutinizing pathway selected when the recipient has both motivation and ability.


It inherits low-effort and effortful pathways plus selective recruitment, then fixes the input to persuasive messages and adds the durability asymmetry. Dual-process Theory supplies the genus: Models cognition as the interaction of a fast, automatic, associative process (System 1) supplying default responses and a slow, effortful, rule-based process (System 2) selectively recruited to endorse or override them under conflict, novelty, or stakes. Elaboration Likelihood preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Predict the route by which a persuasive message changes attitudes from the recipient's motivation and ability — a central route scrutinising argument quality when both are high, a peripheral route riding surface cues otherwise — with central-route attitudes proving far more durable. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.

The Elaboration Likelihood Model is dual-process theory specialized to persuasive attitude change, with motivation and ability selecting central or peripheral processing and route-dependent durability.


ELM contains peripheral-route processing as one of its two defining pathways, selected whenever recipient motivation or ability is insufficient for central scrutiny. Remove the cue-driven branch and ELM loses half of its route selector, its explanation of low-elaboration persuasion, and the central-versus-peripheral durability contrast. parent_in_child


The intervention binds an item to concepts, episodes, images, causes, examples, or self-knowledge already in memory. Its later advantage depends on those linked contents serving as cues, so a store accessible only through an unrelated exact address would not realize the mechanism.

Elaborative Encoding presupposes Associative Memory because extra relations improve recall only where partial or related cues can use those relations as access paths.


The domain mechanism varies how an incoming item is encoded while holding the item and later test approximately fixed. Encoding and Decoding supplies the content-to-code-to-recovery architecture; the child adds relation-building into prior knowledge as the determinant of trace accessibility.

Elaborative Encoding contains an encoding operation that transforms material into a memory code, with its benefit defined by improved later recovery.


For hepatic routes whose product is less biologically active, phase-I functionalization and phase-II conjugation are the route's transformation stage upstream of renal or biliary removal. Renal excretion of unchanged drug, bioactivation, and active-metabolite routes do not contain metabolic inactivation in this sense.

The hepatic-metabolism branch of an elimination pathway contains metabolic inactivation when enzymes convert the active parent into a less-active excretable product.


The pathway's defining clearance rate is the throughput of a transported quantity along a physiological route. Without directed, rate-bearing movement from an entrant or circulating stock to a sink, there is neither elimination nor a route whose clearance can be measured.

An elimination pathway contains the directed flow of a drug, toxin, or metabolite from the body's internal stock toward an excretory sink.


The construct explicitly carries a route-specific saturation profile: below capacity a route may clear a fraction per unit time, while at finite enzyme or transporter capacity its removal rate plateaus and further input accumulates disproportionately. The live parent covers capacity saturation beyond literal receptors through its capacity-saturation alias and enzyme-kinetics identity.

An elimination pathway contains capacity saturation because finite enzyme, transporter, filtration, or excretory throughput caps clearance and changes the dose-rate relation near that ceiling.


Every ELIZA Effect instance contains Anthropomorphism's observer, uncertain-agent target, human-agent model, cue-driven attribution, and evidence gap. Its added differentia are a computational interlocutor, fluent context-appropriate output, and a conversational coherence threshold; removing those domain features leaves the broader anthropomorphic attribution intact.

The ELIZA Effect is the conversational-system specialization of Anthropomorphism in which coherent linguistic output recruits unsupported attributions of understanding, intention, or inner states.


The named paradox is a specific diagnostic instrument: two urns, two color bets, a no-single-prior impossibility, and a sure-thing-principle violation. Its revealed primitive is the chooser's systematic response to probability- information quality rather than expected value alone. That primitive transfers to insurance, asset choice, medicine, and deep-uncertainty policy without importing the urn apparatus, exactly matching ambiguity aversion.

Removing the two-urn and Savage-axiom apparatus from the Ellsberg paradox leaves the known-over-unknown probability preference of ambiguity aversion.


The child retains the live genus's acceptable starting commitments, apparently reasonable choices, unacceptable contradiction, and pressure to revise a premise or theoretical frame. It adds the two-urn elicitation, paired color bets, subjective-probability representation, and the specific revision from a single prior to ambiguity-sensitive models.

The Ellsberg paradox is a paradox whose apparently reasonable preferences produce a contradiction under every single-prior representation.


The agreement creates a present constraint on future disclosure that other recipients and the releaser can rely on. This is general Commitment, not the narrower intrapersonal-temporal-inconsistency identity of Commitment Device.

An embargo contains a commitment because each recipient binds its future publication behavior to the agreed lift condition.


Recipients already possess the material and retain independent control over publication, so the embargo's defining work is to align their separate actions into a coherent simultaneous release. The credentialed-recipient and journalism enforcement rules supply the domain differentia.

A media embargo is a coordination mechanism that aligns independently controlled recipients on one shared publication time.


Pre-positioning creates a temporary knowledge gap between the recipient set and the public. If the information had not moved in advance to a better- informed class, the arrangement would be ordinary timed publication rather than an embargo.

An embargo contains Information Asymmetry because credentialed recipients hold material before the public while publication remains restricted.


Publication is permitted only at the common lift, so the arrangement explicitly organizes an action over time. The lift is a strict scheduling component even when it is event-triggered rather than expressed as a clock time.

An embargo contains Scheduling because its lift assigns the publication action to a specified time or triggering condition.


The live Emotional Response identity is not a reflex caused by the stimulus alone. It contains an interpretive evaluation that determines what the event means for the agent and thereby selects the physiological, expressive, and motivational package. Remove Cognitive Appraisal and the same stimulus can no longer yield fear under one construal and curiosity under another; the construct collapses toward a fixed sensorimotor reaction. Appraisal is one strict constituent stage, not the whole assembled emotional response.

Cognitive Appraisal is an internal stage of Emotional Response that evaluates a stimulus against goals, threat, and coping resources before organizing the response package.


The response package does not terminate after outward expression. The agent senses its own arousal, posture, and action readiness and routes that output back into subsequent appraisal, allowing the package to amplify, settle, or be altered by regulation. Break the return path and the four stages become a one-way cascade with no recursive emotion-regulation leverage. Feedback is therefore contained in the live assembled construct while remaining far broader than affective systems.

Interoceptive Feedback is an internal constituent of Emotional Response because physiology and expression return as inputs to the next appraisal.


The intentionality cue and explanatory message externalize the system's hidden content-state at the moment the user must choose whether to wait, retry, change a filter, request access, or create the first item. CTA, sample, and state-exit machinery remain the design's additional cargo.

Empty State Design contains timely status visibility that identifies the view as intentionally empty rather than loading, filtered, gated, or failed.


The negative and positive entries concern the same view-by-zero-content design object. The failure is not a poorly executed species of successful design; it is diagnosable only relative to the authored first-class-state standard and its required cause, intentionality, and action information.

Empty-State Failure presupposes the Empty State Design standard whose explanatory, disambiguating, and next-action slots are absent.


The same ciphertext is efficiently invertible with the authorized secret and infeasible to invert without it. Encryption adds plaintext/ciphertext spaces, a keyed round trip, confidentiality, hardness assumptions, and operational key management to that substrate-neutral directed imbalance.

Removing cipher vocabulary leaves a directed, non-interchangeable cost relation between a key-holder and a party lacking the key.


Plaintext is encoded into ciphertext and a compatible key-dependent decoder recovers it. Encryption adds confidentiality, an adversarial threat model, computational-hardness assumptions, key arrangements, and key management to the general coordinated content-to-code round trip.

Encryption is Encoding and Decoding specialized to a secret-gated scheme whose code conceals content from parties lacking the decryption key.


The judgment is a scalar estimate of how much personality, values, or preferences will change. With no episodic future self available, the current self supplies the starting value and the reasoner makes only minimal edits, leaving predicted change systematically below the change later reported. Anchoring supplies the under-adjustment structure; the illusion adds autobiographical past-versus-future asymmetry, a self modeled across decades, and the forecast-past comparison instrument.

The End-of-History Illusion decomposes to Anchoring because forecasts of future change begin from the fully represented present self and adjust too little away from it.


After the computer_science frame is stripped away, the retained structural roles are those of Information Locality: Responsibility for a decision, guarantee, or interpretation belongs at a level that possesses the information required to discharge it; less-informed levels may assist but cannot make the result correct. End-to-End Principle adds the local frame and commitments expressed in its identity: The architectural rule that a function whose correctness criterion can only be discharged with knowledge at the communication endpoints should live at the endpoints, not the intermediate nodes — so any in-network implementation is at best a performance optimization the endpoints must still back up. The parent pattern remains recognizable without that vocabulary, while the child is the framed realization of it. That preservation test establishes decomposition rather than taxonomic subsumption.

End-to-End Principle is the framed or domain-specific realization of Information Locality; removing the local frame leaves the parent's structural relation intact.


Endogeneity is explicitly a property of a model-and-data pairing: an explanatory variable is correlated with the model's error term, defeating a causal reading of its coefficient. Remove the regression-style apparatus and only world-level confounding, feedback, selection, or measurement error remains. Regression therefore supplies the necessary modeling substrate, while endogeneity remains a diagnostic condition rather than a kind or internal part of the method.

Endogeneity presupposes a regression-style model whose regressor, error term, and exogeneity assumption make the violation definable.


It preserves the family frame of aggregate production, evolving productive states, closure, returns, and a long-run path, then moves technological change, knowledge, human capital, or innovation from an exogenous trend into decisions and mechanisms solved within the model.

Endogenous Growth Theory is the strict Economic Growth Model species that makes the long-run growth rate depend on capability investment and incentives inside the modeled economy.


Accumulated knowledge, human capital, or productive capability raises the return to further accumulation enough to keep the long-run rate from collapsing to an exogenous trend. Removing that escape from diminishing marginal returns restores the Solow-style level effect the theory was authored to replace.

Aggregate Increasing Returns from accumulable capability or non-rival knowledge are the strict mechanism that prevents diminishing-return convergence in this entry's Endogenous Growth identity.


Romer-style designs and many innovation models are non-rival and only partly excludable, so private innovators capture less value than their knowledge creates. Human-capital, AK, and some learning-by-doing variants can endogenize growth without a pure public-good object, making the constituent typical.

Endogenous Growth Theory typically contains the Public-Good structure of non-rival knowledge, generating a private–social return wedge and underinvestment.


Ownership alone has no directional valuation consequence until the currently held bundle becomes the comparison baseline. Remove that frame of reference and willingness to accept and willingness to pay evaluate the same change from the same origin, eliminating the defining gain-versus-loss recoding.

The Endowment Effect contains an ownership-shifted frame of reference that recodes giving up the good as a loss rather than failing to acquire it as a forgone gain.


Possession shifts the reference and the domain instrument exposes the asymmetry; the preserved structure is loss aversion. After the economics_finance frame is stripped away, the retained structural roles are those of Loss Aversion: Losses felt stronger than gains. Endowment Effect adds the local frame and commitments expressed in its identity: Explain why the same person prices the same good higher once they own it — willingness-to-accept running two-to-five times willingness-to-pay — by acquisition shifting the reference point to include the good, so parting with it registers as a loss that loss aversion over-weights. The parent pattern remains recognizable without that vocabulary, while the child is the framed realization of it. That preservation test establishes decomposition rather than taxonomic subsumption.

Removing ownership and valuation vocabulary leaves a reference-relative evaluator overweighting surrender as a loss compared with an equal acquisition gain.


Both explain introduced-population surge by a controlling context that does not cross the range boundary rather than by an intrinsic trait gain. The child narrows the missing constraint set to host-calibrated specialist herbivores, parasitoids, pathogens, and parasites and predicts reversal by their re-coupling.

The enemy release hypothesis is invasive-species release specialized to loss of co-evolved specialist enemies.


Without reciprocal adaptation between host and specialist enemies in the native range, there is no host-calibrated, density-tracking control relationship whose failure to transfer can explain release.

Enemy release presupposes prior host-enemy coevolution that produced the specialist regulatory suite left behind.


It inherits a declared input domain, output codomain, and single-valued assignment, then fixes the input to income, the output to demanded quantity or budget share, and the conditioning context to constant prices. Its slope and curvature add the consumer-demand classification readings.

An Engel Curve is a function specialized to map household income to one good's demanded quantity or budget share while the price vector is held fixed.


Ensemble coding turns a simultaneous set into a mean, variance, gist, or other low-dimensional statistic and can preserve that summary when the members themselves are unavailable. Its distinctive automatic, pre-attentive, faster-than-items extraction and item-biasing leak-back are domain accent; the live ensemble prime is not used because it denotes an analyst-generated population of realizations rather than perceptual set summarization.

Removing the capacity-limited perceptual architecture from ensemble coding leaves aggregation's many-to-one reduction of a set to a chosen summary statistic while granular member information is lost.


Entrepreneurial bricolage specializes making-do with resources at hand to venture creation under resource constraint. Bricolage supplies the genus: Producing a working solution by recombining the heterogeneous resources at hand under a fixed inventory. Entrepreneurial Bricolage preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: The practice of building ventures by recombining the materials, skills, and slack already within reach — treating the existing inventory as the fixed input and accepting a working-but-imperfect solution rather than waiting for the textbook configuration. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Kirznerian alertness is the standing sensitivity that distinguishes discovery from deliberate search and luck; without it the agent is only solving an already specified opportunity.

Entrepreneurial Discovery contains Alertness because the opportunity is noticed as a previously unframed gap rather than found by optimizing a known search space.


It inherits discrepancy, friction, boundary-crossing exploitation, spread capture, and movement toward equilibrium; price formation, profit and loss, entrepreneurial entry, and the Austrian market-process claim are the domain differentia.

Entrepreneurial Discovery is Generalized Arbitrage specialized to alert market action that perceives and exploits a price, allocation, or unmet-demand gap until the disequilibrium narrows.


The outcome returns information to the actor and the market, confirming or rejecting the perceived opportunity and altering the conditions for subsequent action; this closes the endogenous error-correction loop.

Entrepreneurial Discovery contains Feedback because profit or loss grades the conjecture embodied in action and successful exploitation changes prices and allocations, narrowing the gap that triggered it.


Unequal awareness makes the gap exploitable and explains why one agent acts before others; once the information becomes common and prices adjust, the discovery margin closes.

Entrepreneurial Discovery contains Information Asymmetry because profit opportunity exists only while the discoverer perceives a value-relevant gap that other market participants have not yet incorporated.


Every entry term is a governed non-preferred lexical form bound to the same concept as one canonical label, subordinate to it, and resolved directionally at use. The child adds MeSH/LCSH descriptor practice, no independent posting list, active-versus-sunset provenance, and input-surface curation.

Entry Term Alias is the indexed-corpus species of Alternative Label with a strict non-indexing rule and a silent query-expansion routing contract.


Remove subgroup-level burden and benefit measurement and the framework cannot reveal how an aggregate efficient outcome concentrates losses on one community. The vector behind the aggregate is one of its defining internal axes.

Mapping heterogeneous harms and benefits across population groups is a constitutive Distributional Effects analysis inside Environmental Justice.


Pollution, climate risk, and facility burdens commonly impose unpriced third-party harms, making Externality part of the applied structure. Some cases concern unequal public-resource access or direct governmental allocation without a price-system residue, so the constituent is typical rather than strict.

Environmental Justice typically contains an Externality in which environmental costs fall on parties outside the benefiting transaction or decision.


It inherits evaluation under a defensible standard and adds environmental harms and benefits, historically patterned communities, siting and permitting institutions, and the distributive, procedural, and recognition axes of the named movement and policy framework.

Environmental Justice is fairness specialized to environment-mediated allocations, procedures, and recognition among socially partitioned populations.


Environmental Justice requires more than distribution and voice: harms such as subsistence loss, sacred-site damage, and cumulative community burden must be intelligible in the evaluative frame. Removing this axis changes the framework's explicit three-part identity.

Recognition Justice is one of Environmental Justice's three constitutive axes, determining whose identities, knowledge, and categories of harm count.


It inherits the single-peaked non-monotone response and its two-branch policy logic. The child fixes per-capita income as driver and environmental degradation as response, with scale opposed by composition and technique effects and a stated failure boundary for global-commons pollutants.

The Environmental Kuznets curve is an inverted-U response specialized to degradation rising, peaking, and then falling with income under pollutant-specific conditions.


Ligand-triggered transcription changes the system itself by enlarging a persistent enzyme pool, improving clearance under continued exposure after a lag and decaying only as new proteins turn over. The child adds nuclear receptors, promoter elements, CYP isoforms, autoinduction, cross-induction, and pharmacological management to the portable adaptive-capacity change.

Removing xenobiotic machinery leaves sustained exposure causing a system to grow its capacity to process that load and shared co-loads.


The child retains an active process, external blocking agent, reduction in transformation rate, strength, specificity, and reversibility axes. It adds catalytic sites, kinetic constants, four binding modes, enzyme concentration, and drug-interaction consequences to that general identity.

Enzyme Inhibition is Inhibition specialized to an external molecule reducing a catalyst's otherwise active substrate-to-product transformation.


Genre supplies a recurrent cultural form whose conventions guide production and activate an audience's reading and evaluative horizon. Epideictic Rhetoric specializes that contract to a present occasion, a witnessing audience, the topoi of praise and blame, and success as the display and renewal of shared value premises. Every defined epideictic address is a rhetorical genre instance, although most genres do not perform communal value reaffirmation.

Epideictic rhetoric is the present-occasion praise-and-blame species of Genre, with a stable contract governing speaker craft, witness uptake, and evaluative success.


Remove the ought-side—the standards that make a quality worthy of praise or blame—and the genre loses its governing axis and can only describe its subject. Normativity supplies the evaluative partition by which the discourse ranks traits, acts, and exemplars; epideictic craft supplies the present-occasion display that makes those standards salient and renews them as premises for later judgment and deliberation.

Epideictic rhetoric contains normativity because praise and blame evaluate persons, acts, and ideals against standards of the noble, base, praiseworthy, and shameful.


The genre's effect is not exhausted by a speaker privately praising or blaming. A real, represented, recorded, or future community must be able to witness the performance and treat the displayed standards as shared. Public vs. Private Contexts supplies that audience-visible evaluative condition; the child adds the present occasion, praise-and-blame topoi, and manufacture of communal value premises.

Epideictic rhetoric presupposes a public context because its value-reaffirming work requires a community positioned as a witnessing audience.


The entry's defining route requires prior impasse and fixation under the current representation; removing that blocked dominant path leaves a fast or incremental solution rather than the restructuring-across-impasse phenomenon named here.

Cognitive epiphany crosses an impasse sustained by a dominant but unproductive problem representation, so the insight event presupposes a fixation that can be broken.


The before-frame, restructuring operation, and after-frame are internal constituents of the insight event. Problem Representation supplies the encoding that determines which operations and solution paths are available; epiphany adds sudden cognitive reorganization, phenomenology, and retrospective obviousness.

Epiphany contains a problem representation whose relational organization changes abruptly while the underlying facts remain fixed.


Removing the consumption-CAPM, CRRA, and historical return-series vocabulary leaves a quantitative theory-observation gap that survives noise and forces diagnosis of a short assumption stack. Calibration Anomaly carries that portable reasoning pattern; the six-point equity spread and its resolution branches are the domain frame.

The Equity Premium Puzzle is the asset-pricing form of a calibration anomaly in which an independently constrained model misses an independently measured target beyond plausible retuning.


Both identities require working detection, working delivery, a filled announcement register, missing target/cause/action/escalation content, and a detection-complete but recovery-incomplete outcome. The child adds UI text, stack traces, error codes, catalogue audits, and HCI-specific message design.

Removing software-interface furniture leaves a detected and delivered failure announcement whose empty repair register cannot equip its recipient to act.


It inherits a role distinct from its occupants, operational state attached to that role, briefing before transfer, explicit acceptance, broadcast to dependents, documentation, and atomic no-gap/no-overlap authority. The child adds radio declaration, incident-specific state, first-establishment, and formal demobilization procedures.

Establishment and Transfer of Command is authority handoff specialized to the Incident Commander role, including initial creation and final demobilization as well as occupant transfer.


The circulation is one hydrodynamic process within the larger coastal body, not a kind of habitat system. Estuary supplies the prerequisite condition: The semi-enclosed coastal water body where river discharge meets tidal ocean water, producing a sustained salinity gradient — the master organising variable — along which habitats, species, and biogeochemical processes distribute, with the river-versus-tide forcing balance and residence time setting its class and productivity. Estuarine Circulation operates against that background: The density-driven two-layer counterflow where a river meets the sea — light fresh water flows seaward on top while dense salt water intrudes landward along the bed, its regime set by the ratio of river buoyancy to tidal stirring. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.

Estuarine circulation presupposes an estuary because its residual two-layer salt exchange requires the semi-enclosed river-ocean basin, salinity gradient, tidal connection, and residence-time boundary.


Continuous freshwater and marine replenishment maintain a driving salinity-density contrast along the opposed interface rather than letting co-current equilibration erase it. Counter-Current Exchange supplies the genus: Two streams flowing in opposite directions along a shared interface preserve a near-constant driving gradient along the whole contact, lifting extraction efficiency toward unity. Estuarine Circulation preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: The density-driven two-layer counterflow where a river meets the sea — light fresh water flows seaward on top while dense salt water intrudes landward along the bed, its regime set by the ratio of river buoyancy to tidal stirring. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.

Estuarine circulation is the salinity-stratified marine specialization of counter-current exchange, with seaward surface and landward bottom streams exchanging salt across a shared pycnocline.


Flocculation and tidal resuspension add retention, but the two-layer residual supplies the converging transport field and migrating position. Estuarine Circulation supplies the prerequisite condition: The density-driven two-layer counterflow where a river meets the sea — light fresh water flows seaward on top while dense salt water intrudes landward along the bed, its regime set by the ratio of river buoyancy to tidal stirring. Estuarine Turbidity Maximum operates against that background: A persistent zone of anomalously high suspended sediment near the head of salt intrusion in an estuary, sustained by a closed recirculation loop — landward near-bed advection, salt-induced flocculation, and tidal resuspension — rather than a passive deposit. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.

An estuarine turbidity maximum presupposes estuarine circulation because its trap requires near-bed landward residual flow opposing the seaward surface and river transport at the salt-intrusion head.


The feature is maintained by repeated movement of cohesive fines rather than by a static concentration or passive deposit. Sediment Transport supplies an internal constituent: Loose grains are entrained by a moving fluid once shear exceeds their threshold of motion, carried in a mode set by the ratio of shear to settling velocity, and deposited as the carrier loses energy — sorting coarse-to-fine along the gradient into a graded deposit that records the flow. Estuarine Turbidity Maximum requires that role within this mechanism: A persistent zone of anomalously high suspended sediment near the head of salt intrusion in an estuary, sustained by a closed recirculation loop — landward near-bed advection, salt-induced flocculation, and tidal resuspension — rather than a passive deposit. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.

An estuarine turbidity maximum contains sediment transport in its landward advection, floc settling, deposition, and tidal resuspension circuit.


An estuarine turbidity maximum is the cohesive-sediment and salinity-front specialization of a transport convergence zone. Both require converging transport, locally reduced export, carried-material accumulation, and a zone whose position follows the controlling flow field. The child fixes the field to stratified estuarine circulation and adds the flocculation window, tidal resuspension pump, salt-intrusion-head position, and fluid-mud bed.


Landward advection, settling, bed storage, and tidal resuspension form a return path through which prior output helps sustain subsequent concentration. Feedback supplies an internal constituent: Outputs influence inputs. Estuarine Turbidity Maximum requires that role within this mechanism: A persistent zone of anomalously high suspended sediment near the head of salt intrusion in an estuary, sustained by a closed recirculation loop — landward near-bed advection, salt-induced flocculation, and tidal resuspension — rather than a passive deposit. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.

An estuarine turbidity maximum contains feedback because sediment deposited from one tidal cycle becomes the bed and fluid-mud stock resuspended into the next cycle's suspended input.


The semi-enclosed geometry and residence time add marine retention and forcing mechanics without dropping the live two-regime, depth, gradient, exchange, or zone-specific novelty commitments. Ecotone supplies the genus: A transitional zone of measurable depth where two regimes overlap and mix, generating gradients, elevated exchange, and zone-specific structure that neither regime alone hosts. Estuary preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: The semi-enclosed coastal water body where river discharge meets tidal ocean water, producing a sustained salinity gradient — the master organising variable — along which habitats, species, and biogeochemical processes distribute, with the river-versus-tide forcing balance and residence time setting its class and productivity. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.

An estuary is the brackish river-ocean specialization of an ecotone: two regimes overlap across a measurable salinity-gradient zone and generate structure found in neither flank alone.


Both replace present evaluation with origin information lacking an adequate relevance bridge. The child fixes the target to current lexical meaning, the origin to an etymon or earlier sense, and the corrective to present-usage evidence.

Etymological Fallacy is Genetic Fallacy specialized to a word's earlier sense asserted as binding on present meaning.


Without a changed conventional meaning, the cited historical sense may still describe current usage and the defining origin-binds-present error does not arise. Semantic Shift supplies that diachronic divergence; the child adds the illicit normative inference.

Etymological Fallacy presupposes divergence between an earlier sense and a later live convention.


It retains deliberate change of position to obtain safety without directly contesting the hazard. Its differentia are a protected set, an incoming hazard envelope, finite lead time, coordinated departure, egress and reception capacity, and a safe destination.

Evacuation is a Maneuver specialized to moving a protected population or asset clear of an approaching hazard through a capacity-limited egress network.


The shadow is not free-standing excess movement. It is measured relative to an official evacuation zone and exists when people outside that target also undertake the outbound maneuver, adding demand to routes and reception sized for the planned population. Remove the targeted evacuation and there is no shadow population, denominator overrun, or target-versus-behavioral-zone gap.

An evacuation shadow presupposes a targeted evacuation whose official zone, outbound action, and target-scaled egress apparatus define the population acting beyond plan.


The portable mechanism is a sender-drawn target boundary, a carrier that crosses it, adjacent receivers applying their own decision rule, and demand overflowing an apparatus sized only for the intended audience. Evacuation shadow adds hazard zoning, household departure, egress routes, shelters, and the behavioral-zone denominator used in civil-protection planning.

Evacuation shadow exposes boundary-signal spillover: a permeable advisory reaches an untargeted audience whose own response overruns target-scaled capacity.


Every evasion attack shapes an input consumed by a fixed deployed decision system and exploits the reachable gap around its boundary. Evasion narrows that family to discriminative classifiers, active search for the benign or accept side, preservation of malicious intent, and the characteristic orthogonality between clean test accuracy and adversarial robustness.

Evasion attack is the input-manipulation subtype whose preferred output is specifically non-detection by a learned classifier while the malicious payload remains intact.


Focusing Effect is the producing mechanism, while Exaggerated Expectation is the signed forecast gap. Planning-fallacy, empathy-gap, and projection branches are explicit exceptions and prevent a universal constituent claim.

In the focalism branch, the future event occupies the attentional spotlight and its effect is overweighted while the unchanged stream of daily life is omitted, producing exaggerated affective forecasts.


The measured forecast target, persistent directional offset, and failure of repetition alone to erase it supply the genus; focalism, empathy gaps, projection, and inside-view construction supply its cognitive differentia.

Exaggerated Expectation is the human prospective-judgment species of Bias whose prediction-realization gap has a stable sign and persists across a class of events.


The defining design move is not merely labeling an item exceptional but moving it onto a separately provisioned path. Each path constrains what it can accept and how fast and richly it can process it, making Channel a strict constituent of the two-flow architecture.

Normal and exceptional work travel through distinct bounded conduits with different capacity, latency, tooling, and admissible inputs.


A separate channel without an upstream return signal becomes a permanent dumping ground. The feedback constituent converts the exception stream into evidence about the normal design, allowing systematic deviations to change inputs, rules, and capacity rather than being handled forever downstream.

Exception frequency and type are routed upstream so recurring deviations revise the normal-flow specification instead of merely enlarging the exception desk.


Without observation, comparison to a declared normal condition, and a response trigger, the system cannot identify which items belong on the exception path. Monitoring supplies that detection constituent; it is only one part of the larger detect-divert-handle-learn assembly.

A deviation detector continuously compares arriving items with the normal-flow specification and triggers diversion when a threshold is crossed.


Exception management begins by dividing the arriving population into mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive on-plan and off-plan blocks. That exact-one-path discipline is the partition constituent that protects the normal flow from edge cases without leaving any item unhandled.

The normal-versus-exception split is a binary partition: every arriving item is routed to exactly one of two separately managed paths.


Exception management gains from assigning unlike functions to unlike handlers: standardized high-volume work remains on the normal path, while specialists with richer permissions and tools resolve deviations. That functional narrowing and interdependence is Specialization inside the design.

The exception path is deliberately narrowed and optimized for resolution quality while the normal path is optimized for routine throughput.


The endpoint can return the correct record to the correct caller and still violate confidentiality by serializing fields beyond the caller's task. The positive prime supplies the role-keyed allow-list, observable-channel, and source-side-projection contract whose absence defines the API failure.

Excessive-data-exposure is diagnosed against minimum-necessary disclosure: an authorized response exceeds the role's field budget because surplus was not projected away at the producer.


Excludability is the economics property-side result of access control being feasible relative to value. Physics, technology, and institutions determine the gating cost; the Samuelsonian taxonomy then interprets that result.

Removing public-economics vocabulary leaves the portable mechanism that evaluates and enforces whether a principal may cross a resource boundary.


The node does more than describe a gate. It supplies explicit criteria, category boundaries, edge cases that move with technology, and downstream policy inherited from category placement—the full Classification operation.

Excludability is a rule-based axis that assigns goods to provision regimes and crosses with rivalry to yield a reusable four-cell map.


The same physical object can be non-excludable before a fence, DRM system, or enforcement institution lowers exclusion cost and excludable afterward. The crossing, not an immutable binary essence, is the operative property.

Excludability contains the feasibility threshold at which gating cost becomes low enough relative to value to move a good between regimes.


Existential angst presupposes an agent capable of representing possible lives and treating its own choices as reasons-responsive actions for which it bears responsibility. Agency supplies the prerequisite condition: A system pursues representable goals through actions whose selection is sensitive to its beliefs about its situation, via a goal-representation, world-model, and action-selection coupling. Existential Angst operates against that background: Anxiety from lack of meaning. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Existential angst contains the encountered finite horizon of a mortal life, under which the agent's projects and possibilities are bounded by irreversible termination. Boundedness supplies an internal constituent: Values remain within limits. Existential Angst requires that role within this mechanism: Anxiety from lack of meaning. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.


The model requires more than computing a discrepancy. A person evaluates the experienced performance relative to an expectation and converts the comparison into satisfaction, dissatisfaction, or confirmation. Evaluation supplies the criterion-bearing verdict; the child fixes its reference to a prior expectancy and makes discrepancy sign the central explanatory variable.

Expectancy Disconfirmation contains Evaluation because the signed expectation-performance gap becomes a criterion-bearing satisfaction judgment rather than remaining a descriptive residual.


Prior expectation acts as the prediction, perceived performance as the realized observation, and their signed difference as the operational signal. The domain-specific child adds an evaluative interpretation—confirmation or positive/negative disconfirmation—and routes the residual into satisfaction. Prediction Error itself is neutral about consumer judgments and can instead be used for learning, control, coding, or diagnosis.

Expectancy Disconfirmation decomposes to Prediction Error: remove the consumer-satisfaction frame and the load-bearing operation is a signed realized-minus-predicted discrepancy.


Both require magma generation, ascent, volatile evolution, conduit transport, and surface release. The child fixes volatile-rich viscous magma, brittle fragmentation, high-velocity pyroclast expulsion, and the stable-column versus collapse fork.

An explosive eruption is the fragmentation-and-pyroclast specialization of volcanism.


Remove the critical bubble-growth versus viscous-relaxation boundary and the column-stability fork and the framework cannot route the event into coherent lava, Plinian lofting, or pyroclastic-current regimes.

Explosive eruption contains threshold crossings at magma fragmentation and eruptive-column collapse.


The facets ask independent questions and can fail for different reasons, so external validity is neither a kind nor a constituent of internal validity. Yet the live external-validity identity starts with an in-sample causal estimate whose internal validity is taken as given. Without a locally warranted effect, effect-modifier matching cannot distinguish transport failure from an original artifact and cannot license export.

A positive transport warrant presupposes that the in-sample causal effect being transported is locally warranted rather than an artifact.


External validity specializes generalization through sampled units, treatment versions, target populations, effect modifiers, PICOTS, and transportability adjustment. Remove that apparatus and the same structure remains: observed instances support a broader conclusion not entailed by the premises, subject to an explicit warrant about which conditions may vary.

Stripping the research-design frame leaves the ampliative move from a finding in one bounded setting to a claim beyond those observations.


Impression Management supplies the broader pattern of constructing how an audience evaluates an actor through selected self-relevant cues. Face Management narrows the audience to participants in a live encounter, the managed image to positive and negative face, the risk to a face-threatening act, and the response to redress calibrated by distance, power, and imposition. Every defined face-management episode manages an impression, but impression management also includes durable self-presentation, staging, appearance, and audience-directed conduct outside moment-by-moment redress.

Face management is the live-interaction species of impression management, specialized to threats against the public self-images claimed by both parties in the present encounter.


The defining counter-featural result cannot arise from independent feature detection: it requires the relations among facial parts to activate a familiar whole and recurrently facilitate the probed feature. The child adds the face stimulus, recognition measure, and prosopagnosic dissociation.

Face Superiority contains Configural Processing because an upright learned facial whole changes access to its constituent feature while inversion or scrambling removes the advantage.


Parent-in-child records the form axis as a component of the whole scheme, while conditional qualification recognizes faceted systems with no form axis. Form Facet supplies an internal constituent: Reserve one classification axis in a faceted catalog for genre, document type, or format — assigned independently of topic — so 'what kind of object is this' and 'what is it about' become separate, combinable filters. Faceted Vocabulary requires that role within this mechanism: Describe a referent by selecting one value per orthogonal, independently combinable axis (material, period, function) instead of matching a single precoordinated heading, so N facets of M values express an N×M space while you maintain only the sum of the value lists. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it. The conditional qualifier restricts the edge to contexts in which this mechanism is active; outside those contexts the edge asserts no dependency or ancestry.

A Form Facet is an internal axis of a faceted vocabulary when object kind, genre, media, or carrier is independently represented.


The whole-to-constituent direction is parent-in-child. Geography is frequent in bibliographic systems but not constitutive of faceting as such. Geographic Facet supplies an internal constituent: Treat spatial location as a separable description axis in a faceted catalog — assigning place independently of topic, form, and period, and binding it to a controlled place authority so the same location is referenced consistently and can be filtered on its own. Faceted Vocabulary requires that role within this mechanism: Describe a referent by selecting one value per orthogonal, independently combinable axis (material, period, function) instead of matching a single precoordinated heading, so N facets of M values express an N×M space while you maintain only the sum of the value lists. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it. The conditional qualifier restricts the edge to contexts in which this mechanism is active; outside those contexts the edge asserts no dependency or ancestry.

A Geographic Facet is an internal axis of a faceted vocabulary when the scheme represents place independently from its other descriptive dimensions.


The direction records the method axis inside the whole scheme, not the scheme inside one optional field. Method metadata can also exist outside faceted systems.

Method-as-Metadata is an internal axis of a faceted vocabulary when procedure is exposed as a controlled, independently filterable field.


Every Faceted Vocabulary internally contains governed Retrieval Facets, though which named species appear is conditional. Retrieval Facet supplies an internal constituent: Expose one controlled descriptive dimension as an independently selectable and filterable axis whose values can be combined at query time with values selected on other axes. Faceted Vocabulary requires that role within this mechanism: Describe a referent by selecting one value per orthogonal, independently combinable axis (material, period, function) instead of matching a single precoordinated heading, so N facets of M values express an N×M space while you maintain only the sum of the value lists. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.


The direction follows the canonical parent-in-child convention: the whole faceted vocabulary points to the facet it contains. The condition prevents a common library axis from being projected onto every faceted scheme.

A Topic Facet is an internal axis of a faceted vocabulary when the scheme exposes aboutness independently from place, time, and form.


The entry makes free combination and orthogonality definitional, so the product is the space expressed rather than the artifact stored. Applicability to relevant facets does not weaken the one-choice-per-axis product construction.

Independently selectable facet values express the joint description space as one choice per relevant axis without enumerating its combinations.


The separate facet assignments are the cheap uncommitted form, the query is the resolving signal, and retrieval is the latest responsible combination point. This is Postponement, not necessarily Lazy Evaluation, because the result need not be memoized or represented as a suspended computation.

Postcoordination deliberately keeps dimensions uncombined until a query supplies the resolving signal for which combination is wanted.


The rule's words are the sharply tracked foreground and remain fixed; the case's background conditions are the loosely tracked surround; and the pair, not the rule text alone, determines what action or conclusion the rule licenses. The child adds a rule-applying reasoner, an ignored legitimate exception, the general-to-special mistake, and the standard-over-letter remedy.

Removing the fallacy and rule vocabulary leaves a fixed foreground whose application changes when the surrounding state changes.


The move is a named, recurring, normatively faulted argument whose logical form may pass while its material premise is unacceptable in this context. Its general-to-special direction, legitimate defeating circumstance, and rule-purpose repair distinguish it from the other informal-fallacy species.

Fallacy of Accident is the informal-fallacy subtype that applies a sound default rule to a case whose defeating circumstances put it outside scope.


It instantiates the source level, target level, carried claim, and bridge roles of Cross-Level Inference, with a strict differentia: the move runs upward from part or member to whole and treats preservation through composition as automatic when it has not been established.

Fallacy of Composition is the defective upward species of Cross-Level Inference, carrying a part-level predicate to a whole without a warranted preservation rule.


It is a recurring materially defective inference whose conclusion does not follow without a preservation premise. Its differentia are the direction from part or member to whole and the missing warrant that the predicate survives aggregation, interaction, configuration, scale, or shared constraints.

Fallacy of Composition is the Informal Fallacy species that illicitly promotes a part-level predicate to a whole.


The generic division fallacy needs only a collective predicate, so an ecological coefficient is not universal. But the live source explicitly defines the ecological-fallacy subtype as the same whole-to-part slide with an aggregate correlation as predicate. The domain edge records that branch without misclassifying the neutral statistic as the fallacy.

In its ecological statistical branch, division presupposes a group-level correlation that the reasoner then reads onto individuals.


It instantiates the source level, target level, carried claim, and bridge roles of Cross-Level Inference, with a strict differentia: the move runs downward from whole to part and treats distributive preservation as automatic when it has not been established.

Fallacy of Division is the defective downward species of Cross-Level Inference, carrying a whole-level predicate to parts without showing that it distributes.