Oversight capacity is the particularization of constraint to the supervisory relationship: bounded cognitive attention and coordination cost impose a binding upper limit on how many direct sub-units a single overseer can effectively handle before quality degrades. Where constraint names binding restrictions on admissible configurations generally, oversight capacity fixes the variable being restricted — direct-report count — and locates the binding limit in the cognitive and structural properties of the supervising entity rather than in the resources or technology of the subordinates.

Oversight capacity is the specific shape a constraint takes on the number of direct sub-units a single supervising entity can effectively manage.


The window is the population-level band of currently-sayable positions maintained by graded social cost; it presupposes the normative/sanctioning apparatus social_norms supplies. Social Norms supplies the prerequisite condition: Shared expectations about how members of a reference group should behave, maintained through internalization and anticipated decentralized approval, correction, or sanction. Overton Window operates against that background: A mobile range of positions that are currently sayable without social cost, with boundaries shifted by repeated exposure rather than argument. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations presuppose set and membership because the paradigmatic axis is by definition a set of mutually substitutable alternatives that could fill a given slot — synonyms, chord-function substitutes, interface implementations — and identifying that set requires the membership relation that decides which candidates belong and which do not. Without set and membership's collection-as-first-class-object and inclusion-criterion machinery, there is no extension of substitutable alternatives to which a selected syntagmatic element belongs and from which it was drawn against the unrealized alternatives in absentia.

Paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations presuppose set and membership because the paradigmatic axis is a set of substitutable alternatives for a position.


The sign-flip is a Bayesian non-monotonicity: it presupposes posterior updating over a three-hypothesis model (true / false / independence-broken). It is the conservation result that updating yields once a systemic-failure prior is admitted. Bayesian Updating supplies the prerequisite condition: Update beliefs with evidence. Paradox of Unanimity operates against that background: Agreement beyond what independent observation could produce becomes evidence against the conclusion, signaling a broken-independence failure mode. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Parallel independent inspection gains coverage by duplicating the inspection role across partially independent inspectors. After the operations_research frame is stripped away, the retained structural roles are those of Redundancy: Duplicate critical components. Parallel Independent Inspection adds the local frame and commitments expressed in its identity: Defect coverage of a fixed artifact rises with the number and diversity of independent inspectors working in overlapping parallel. The parent pattern remains recognizable without that vocabulary, while the child is the framed realization of it. That preservation test establishes decomposition rather than taxonomic subsumption.


The Pareto effect is the specific shape heavy-tailed distributions take when the underlying power-law structure is translated into a rule of thumb about cumulative contribution shares. Heavy-tailed distributions' general signature — extreme values dominate sums, averages, and totals because the tail decays slowly — is structurally particularized into the observation that a small fraction of items produces a disproportionately large fraction of outcomes, with the canonical 80/20 split as the management-friendly summary. The general tail-dominance pattern is preserved; the specific shape is its cumulative-share, prioritization-actionable form.

The Pareto effect is the specific shape heavy-tailed distributions take when ranked contribution shares concentrate roughly 80% of effects in roughly 20% of causes.


Pareto efficiency is the property of an allocation in which no change can make someone better off without making someone else worse off, which presupposes the underlying act of assigning limited supply to competing claimants. Without allocation's machinery of distributing scarce supply across competing demands, there would be no assignment whose efficiency the Pareto criterion could evaluate, no participants whose welfare comparisons would matter, and no feasible set of alternative assignments to scan for improvements. Allocation supplies the substrate on which Pareto efficiency operates as an evaluative criterion.

Pareto efficiency presupposes allocation because the no-improvement criterion ranks assignments of limited supply across competing claimants.


It inherits the feasible-set dominance test and undominated-frontier verdict. The child adds vector-valued outcomes across objectives or participants and refuses scalarization: improvement is free only when at least one dimension improves and none worsens.

Pareto efficiency is efficiency specialized to a multi-objective or multi-party feasible set where no protected dimension can improve without another worsening.


Optimization is the search for an element of a specified set that maximizes or minimizes an objective subject to constraints, with operative optimality named — exact, approximate, local, or Pareto. Pareto efficiency is the particular shape this search takes in the multi-objective case where interpersonal utility comparison is refused: an allocation is optimal when no change can make anyone better off without making someone worse off. It is a structurally-particularized instance of optimization whose specific notion of best is the dominance frontier, not a scalarized aggregate.

Pareto efficiency is the specific shape optimization takes when multiple objectives are present and dominance is the operative criterion.


The law is the dynamics of ABSENT scarcity: an elastic activity fills its container's slack because no scarcity signal calls a stop short of the wall; its standard cure is to MANUFACTURE scarcity (tighter container). It presupposes the scarcity/slack frame as its governing variable. Scarcity supplies the prerequisite condition: A finite resource is insufficient to satisfy all competing wants. Parkinson's Law operates against that background: An elastic activity expands to fill its allocated resource container up to the binding constraint when no counter-pressure calls a stop short of the wall. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Its winning mixture is a super-additive interaction relative to the two losing baselines, with shared-state modification and opposite-signed regional effects supplying the child's exact mechanism.

Parrondo's Paradox is synergy specialized to state-coupled stochastic processes whose combination reverses negative individual expectations into a positive joint one.


Minimalism is the disciplined principle of stripping away unnecessary complexity to isolate and emphasize essential elements that serve a primary function. Parsimony is the specific case in which the domain is explanation and the elements being cut are theoretical entities, parameters, mechanisms, and assumptions beyond what is needed to account for the evidence. It inherits minimalism's reduction-by-necessity stance and adds the explanatory-adequacy criterion as the test of what counts as essential. A specialization of minimalism keyed to theory choice and model selection.

Parsimony is a specialization of minimalism; it is the principle of cutting unnecessary explanatory structure from theories and models.


Parsing recovers latent hierarchical structure from a representational substrate (the sequence) under a framework (the grammar) — the syntactic-structure-recovery specialization of interpretation ('recover meaning from a representational substrate under a framework that makes some readings available'). Interpretation supplies the genus: Recover meaning from a representational substrate under a framework that makes some readings available and others not. Parsing preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Recover hidden hierarchical structure from a flat sequence using a grammar. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Alternative lineage: parsing is the grammar-inverting, structure-recovering member of the transformation family (sequence -> tree). Transformation supplies the genus: A rule-governed mapping that restructures an input into a different output, holding certain invariants fixed while altering others. Parsing preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Recover hidden hierarchical structure from a flat sequence using a grammar. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


A partition is the disjoint-and-exhaustive (MECE) discipline imposed on a carrier set via a single-valued membership function; it presupposes the set/membership apparatus it disciplines. Set and Membership supplies the prerequisite condition: Groups and categorizes elements. Partition operates against that background: A division of a set into non-overlapping, collectively exhaustive blocks. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


This prime is the structural consequence of the aggregation operation — that the operation's output depends on how the partition is drawn. Presupposes aggregation as the collapsing step (the verb; this is a fact about the verb's output). Aggregation supplies the prerequisite condition: Deliberately collapsing many items into a single summary, choosing which information to discard to gain tractability. Partition Dependence of Aggregates operates against that background: Any statistic computed on partition-aggregated data is a function of the partition itself, not solely of the underlying data. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Removing domain vocabulary leaves an ordered availability relation in which later evidence crosses into an artifact asserted to represent an earlier state. Remove human memory, model training, finance, databases, legal review, and named validation protocols. A time-indexed state, evidence arriving after its index, an illicit backward information channel, a changed reconstruction, and a time-respecting repair remain.


'A path is one COMMITTED realization of a connection through the underlying relational substrate (a network)... the path's leverage comes entirely from holding the realized route apart from the possibility structure.' A path presupposes a network to traverse. Network supplies the prerequisite condition: Models interactions between components. Path operates against that background: An ordered, traversable sequence of edges connecting one node to another through a relational structure. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Path_dependence (the rising lock-in curve alone) is one of the two curves the Collingridge dilemma composes — it adds the co-rising INFORMATION curve and the window between them. After the economics_finance frame is stripped away, the retained structural roles are those of Collingridge Dilemma: Information about a system's consequences rises as the cost of changing it rises, so the window where intervention is both informed and feasible may be narrow or absent. Path Dependence adds the local frame and commitments expressed in its identity: Outcomes are shaped by the specific historical sequence of past choices, which lock in consequences and foreclose alternatives that persist despite present incentives to change. The parent pattern remains recognizable without that vocabulary, while the child is the framed realization of it. That preservation test establishes decomposition rather than taxonomic subsumption.


Path dependence presupposes dependency because the claim that present options depend constitutively on the historical trajectory of choices requires the directed reliance relation between later and earlier states. Without dependency's structure — A cannot proceed, function, or retain value unless conditions on prior B are met — the present state would be fully determined by current conditions plus exogenous shock, and history would drop out. Dependency supplies the temporal reliance that makes the sequence of past decisions load-bearing for present and future possibilities.

Path dependence presupposes dependency because outcomes constrained by historical trajectory require the present to rely on prior decisions and states.


Path dependence presupposes time because the claim that present possibilities depend constitutively on the specific historical trajectory of past choices requires the temporal ordering of earlier and later states with irreversible succession. Without time's privileged direction — earlier states fixing branching points that constrain later ones — there would be no sequence in which past decisions could foreclose alternatives or accumulate constraints. Time supplies the directed-ordering substrate that makes the historical trajectory a structurally meaningful determinant of present state, not a redundancy on top of current conditions plus exogenous shock.

Path dependence presupposes time because outcomes constrained by historical trajectory require the temporal ordering of earlier and later states.


Pattern completion is a specialization of inductive reasoning: it produces a conclusion about unobserved portions of a whole that goes beyond what the partial input logically guarantees, drawing on stored regularities, context, and predictive priors. It inherits induction's ampliative commitment — conclusions extend the evidence — and particularizes it to the reconstruction case, where the inference fills in occluded, noisy, or degraded parts. The reconstruction's accuracy depends on the same support-strength and calibration metrics induction uses.

Pattern completion is a kind of inductive reasoning that infers the unobserved whole from partial input using stored regularities.


Pattern completion is a specialization of interpretation. The general pattern recovers meaning from a representational substrate given a framework that makes some readings available and others not, producing readings that are neither uniquely fixed by the input nor arbitrary. Pattern completion instantiates this with the substrate being partial, noisy, or ambiguous input and the framework being stored regularities, learned associations, or generative priors that fill in the unobserved parts. The reconstruction is constrained by priors and answerable to the input, which is exactly the productive-yet-bounded character of interpretation.

Pattern completion is a specific kind of interpretation, recovering a coherent whole from partial input via stored priors.


Pattern completion presupposes predictive coding because reconstructing a coherent whole from partial input requires the same predict-compare-correct machinery: a generative model produces predictions for unobserved or degraded portions, the observed portion is compared against those predictions, and the inferred completion is the model-consistent extension of the input. Predictive coding supplies the prior-structure-as-generative-model and the residual-driven update that pattern completion deploys: the model contributes the missing parts, the input constrains the inference, and prediction error tunes the model toward better future completions.

Pattern completion presupposes predictive coding because filling incomplete input requires a generative model whose predictions span the missing parts.


Pattern in design is the structurally-particularized form recurrence takes in the aesthetic-design case: the recurring unit is the motif, the predictable spacing is set by the compositional grid or rhythm, and the trigger is the designer's systematic placement. It inherits recurrence's structural property of pattern reappearance with predictable structure, particularized to the intentional-arrangement case where repetition is orchestrated with controlled variation rather than merely observed in natural data.

Pattern in design is the specific shape recurrence takes when motifs are deliberately arranged to repeat across a surface or sequence.


Pattern recognition is a specialization of classification in which the rule-application is implemented by matching a stimulus's observable features against stored category representations: templates, prototypes, exemplars, or learned hierarchical detectors. It inherits the general classification commitment that entities are assigned to discrete categories according to explicit criteria, with the assignment carrying meaning for downstream reasoning. Its specialization is to identify the stimulus as an instance of a known category via similarity-driven feature analysis rather than via explicit rule application or definitional checklist.

Pattern recognition is a specialization of classification in which the assignment of a stimulus to a known category proceeds by feature matching against stored representations.


Pedagogy presupposes learning because pedagogy is defined as the intentional, other-directed arrangement of conditions calibrated to cause a durable change in another agent's capability — and that change just is learning. Without the learner-side update as its target, pedagogy has no object: sequencing, modeling, support, and assessment all become uncalibrated activity. The teaching-side practice and the learner-side acquisition are explicitly framed as counterparts, so pedagogy cannot operate as a structured practice without presupposing learning as the process it is engineered to produce.

Pedagogy presupposes learning because the deliberate teaching act is only intelligible relative to the learner-side acquisition it aims to cause.


It inherits direct improvement, a coupled adaptive response, and graded offset accounting. It adds an exposure-choosing agent, a safety or protection intervention, expected failure cost as the changed condition, and riskier behavior as the response.

The Peltzman Effect is a Counterresponse Offset specialized to a safeguard lowering expected failure cost and releasing a behavioral risk budget.


The perception-action loop is the specific feedback structure in which 'action moves the sensing apparatus itself' — a constitutive coupling, not merely an error signal. Genus=feedback, differentia=acting-moves-sensing and reafference. Feedback supplies the genus: Outputs influence inputs. Perception Action Loop preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Perception and action are constitutively coupled: action moves the sensing apparatus, that movement changes what is sensed, and what is sensed becomes the basis for the next action, in one closed loop with no clean sense-think-act stages. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Learning supplies experience-driven internal update that changes future performance. The child fixes the updated capability to a recognizer's feature allocation and category representation, with dense exposure improving within-category individuation and sparse exposure leaving coarse codes.

Perceptual Expertise is Learning specialized to a durable, exposure-driven change in representational resolution and later discrimination.


Expertise is not mere familiarity or accumulated facts. Training changes which features the recognizer extracts and how finely members of a category are represented and matched. Pattern Recognition supplies that operational channel; the child adds the exposure-driven redistribution of resolution.

Perceptual Expertise contains Pattern Recognition because its learned granularity is expressed through feature extraction, stored category representations, and matching of new instances.


Percolation is 'the specific phase transition whose order parameter is connectivity' — the emergence of a system-spanning giant component, with its own critical exponents and universality classes. A species of the generic tipping-point/phase-transition. Tipping Points (or Phase Transitions) supplies the genus: Abrupt state change. Percolation preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Local, often random short-range connections accumulated across a population suddenly produce system-spanning connectivity once their density crosses a critical threshold. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Defined on a network substrate of linkable sites; presupposes network (the relevant object is the connectivity graph). Network supplies the prerequisite condition: Models interactions between components. Percolation Threshold operates against that background: On a network substrate, a system-spanning connected cluster appears suddenly at a sharp critical density of links, transforming isolated pieces into one reachable whole. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


After the chemistry_materials frame is stripped away, the retained structural roles are those of Porosity: A bulk holds a distributed fraction of internal void space whose total, connectivity, and distribution jointly set storage capacity, transmissibility, and mechanical strength. Percolation Threshold adds the local frame and commitments expressed in its identity: On a network substrate, a system-spanning connected cluster appears suddenly at a sharp critical density of links, transforming isolated pieces into one reachable whole. The parent pattern remains recognizable without that vocabulary, while the child is the framed realization of it. That preservation test establishes decomposition rather than taxonomic subsumption.

Percolation Threshold is the framed or domain-specific realization of Porosity; removing the local frame leaves the parent's structural relation intact.


'percolation threshold is a phase transition, but a specific one' — the connectivity transition on a network substrate (giant component as order parameter, topology-dependent p_c). A specialization of the generic tipping-point/phase-transition family. Tipping Points (or Phase Transitions) supplies the genus: Abrupt state change. Percolation Threshold preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: On a network substrate, a system-spanning connected cluster appears suddenly at a sharp critical density of links, transforming isolated pieces into one reachable whole. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Every instance of the live Periodicity family identifies a value, waveform, state pattern, or statistical structure preserved exactly or within an explicit tolerance when its carrier is displaced by a characteristic interval. That is Invariance with the transformation fixed to discrete translation. Periodicity adds a nonzero period or period set, waveform, phase, frequency, and the distinction between exact, approximate, modulated, and conditional repetition.

Periodicity is Invariance specialized to preservation under displacement by a repeat interval.


Periodization is the specific shape segmentation takes when the continuous domain being partitioned into discrete labeled segments is historical or temporal process, with boundaries placed at moments deemed transformative — political events, technological shifts, cultural reorientations. It is a structurally-particularized instance of partitioning by boundary placement, where each segment receives characteristic features defining internal coherence, with the added commitments that the boundaries are constructive choices by the partitioner rather than natural kinds, the segments serve as scaffolding for description and comparison, and the partition can always be contested or redrawn.

Periodization is the specific shape segmentation takes when the continuous domain being partitioned is historical time.


Boundary supplies the prerequisite condition: Defines system limits. Permeability operates against that background: A bounded medium selectively passes some carrier through connected pathways. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.

Permeability presupposes Boundary, whose structure must already obtain for the child mechanism to be meaningful or operational.


All non-administrative stages can be ready and still make no progress. Until authorization is emitted, the gate alone caps completion, so a bottleneck is inside the hold's defining structure.

The unresolved permission gate is the single limiting stage that prevents an otherwise-ready flow from completing.


It inherits a choke point, an authority applying passage criteria, and selective control over onward flow. It adds the coexistence of physical or operational readiness with an unresolved administrative state and a release token that alone ends the hold.

A permission-gated hold is gatekeeping specialized to an otherwise-ready item awaiting an external arbiter's affirmative release decision.


Remove the signed waiting interval and the construct collapses to an instantaneous authorization decision rather than a hold. Administrative response latency is therefore constitutive. Latency supplies an internal constituent: The irreducible delay between an input and the system's response. Permission-Gated Hold requires that role within this mechanism: An otherwise ready flow remains blocked until an external authority emits a required authorization, making completion depend on administrative release rather than on the flow's own movement or production capacity. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.

A permission-gated hold contains the delay between readiness or submission and the authority's release response.


Permits, reviews, sign-offs, and clearances usually arrive to a finite service channel and wait for attention, producing queue dynamics. A single exceptional hold can still exist without a population-level queue, so the constituent is typical rather than strict.

Institutional permission gates typically process competing pending cases through a bounded-capacity waiting line.


Persistence is a continuing property of an identifier after issuance. Before a token can remain stable and resolvable across change, an authority must define its namespace, mint it, bind it to an entity, and expose dereference. The token- plus-resolver is not itself the issuance act.

A Persistent Identifier presupposes the prior Identifier Assignment that minted its opaque handle and installed the authoritative entity binding.


A persistent identifier is a specific, committed, institutionally-maintained indirection (opaque token and declared scope and guaranteed resolver) — a specialization of the bare indirection technique with a standing institutional obligation. Indirection supplies the genus: Introduces intermediary references. Persistent Identifier preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A designed token committed to keep resolving to its entity across changes in the entity's location, representation, custodian, or version, via a separately maintained resolver. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


The stable handle is what lets provenance/traceable records stay referenceable across substrate change; presupposes the traceability infrastructure it underwrites. Traceability supplies the prerequisite condition: The infrastructure of bidirectional links that lets any element be followed backward to its origin and forward to its uses, turning opaque processes into auditable, queryable histories. Persistent Identifier operates against that background: A designed token committed to keep resolving to its entity across changes in the entity's location, representation, custodian, or version, via a separately maintained resolver. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Projection supplies the genus: Map a richer object onto a lower-dimensional target along a chosen direction, discarding the rest. Perspective preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Representation of depth. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.

Perspective is typically a specialization of Projection, retaining the parent's defining structure while adding the child's specific commitments.


Perspective is the specific shape representation takes when the target is three-dimensional space with depth and volume and the medium is a two-dimensional surface, with the mapping accomplished through systematic projection. It is a structurally-particularized instance of structured mapping under a faithfulness convention, with the added commitments that the convention is a projection system (linear, multi-point, isometric), the faithfulness preserves spatial coherence and ordinal depth, and the dropped features include the literal third dimension. The viewer reconstructs depth from the projection's lawful regularities.

Perspective is the specific shape representation takes when three-dimensional spatial relations are projected onto a two-dimensional surface.


Perturbation presupposes observability because the analytic value of introducing a small departure from a reference state lies entirely in reading the system's response — and that response must be inferable from externally-visible outputs. Without observability's structural guarantee that internal state can be reconstructed from outputs over time, the propagation of a perturbation would be undetectable and its sensitivity, stability, and response structure could not be extracted. Perturbation analysis is precisely observability put to diagnostic use.

Perturbation presupposes observability because the system's response to small deviations must be measurable in outputs to carry diagnostic information.


A perturbation is a small departure from a reference state whose propagation through the system is analyzed as a correction around that state. Every perturbation claim must specify the reference state or baseline trajectory from which the departure is measured and the response of interest as the system transitions away from it. The state-and-state-transition framework supplies exactly that: a state space, a transition rule, and the Markov closure on which linearization around a baseline depends. Without the underlying state structure, there is no baseline against which a perturbation can be small.

Perturbation presupposes state and state transition because a small departure from a reference state is only definable against a specified system state.


Perturbation theory is the structurally-particularized form approximation takes when the intractable target H can be written as H₀ + λV with H₀ exactly solvable and λ a small coupling. The tractable surrogate is the truncated power series in λ; the error measure is the next-order correction; the tolerance is set by the asymptotic radius. It satisfies approximation's four-part discipline — exact object, simpler surrogate, controlled error, named tolerance — particularized by the splitting H₀ + λV that makes the expansion well-defined.

Perturbation theory is the specific shape approximation takes when an intractable problem is split into a solvable part plus a small expansion parameter.


Perturbation theory is the structurally-particularized form decomposition takes when the whole — an intractable Hamiltonian, Lagrangian, or operator — is broken into H₀ + λV such that H₀ is exactly solvable and the parts properly combined reconstitute the original. It inherits decomposition's commitment that the pieces, analyzed independently and recombined, reproduce the whole, particularized by the order-by-order expansion in λ. The reversibility runs through resummation; the structure-preservation runs through the algebra of unperturbed eigenstates.

Perturbation theory is the specific shape decomposition takes when a Hamiltonian is split into a solvable part plus a small perturbing operator.


Perturbation theory is the structurally-particularized instance of perturbation in which the small departure is treated as an additive term in a Hamiltonian or operator and the system's response is expanded as a power series in a small dimensionless coupling. It carries forward the general perturbation commitment that a small departure from a reference state can be analyzed as a controlled correction rather than a fresh problem, and gives this idea its specific algorithmic shape: solvable zeroth-order baseline plus order-by-order corrections computed from unperturbed eigenstates and matrix elements.

Perturbation theory is the specific shape perturbation takes when the response is computed as a power-series expansion in a small coupling.


A phase diagram divides a parameter space into regions labeled by qualitatively distinct phases, with boundaries where order parameters jump or become singular. Constructing the diagram requires the prior operation of Classification — assigning configurations to discrete categories by explicit criteria. Without classification rules deciding which configurations count as the same phase, the diagram's regions and boundaries have no content; the diagram is a graphical instantiation of a classification scheme over a continuous control space.

Phase Diagram presupposes Classification: it partitions parameter space into discrete phase regions according to qualitative-distinction rules.


A phase diagram partitions parameter space into regions where the system exhibits qualitatively distinct phases, with phase boundaries marking discontinuous or singular transitions between them. The diagram is meaningful only against an underlying state-and-state-transition structure: each phase is a state with characteristic order parameter, and phase boundaries are the transition surfaces. Without a notion of distinct states and rule-governed transitions, the partitioning would have nothing to demarcate and the triple and critical points would lose their identity as transition-structure features.

Phase diagram presupposes state and state transition because it maps where in parameter space qualitatively distinct phase states obtain.


A phase diagram presupposes tipping points because its central content is a partitioning of parameter space by phase boundaries: codimension-one surfaces across which the system undergoes a phase transition, with critical points, triple points, and bifurcations identified as special features. Without the prior commitment that systems can exhibit abrupt qualitative shifts at threshold parameter values, there is nothing to chart, no surfaces to draw, and no distinct phases between which to navigate. Tipping points supply the discontinuities the diagram organizes.

A phase diagram presupposes tipping points because it charts the very threshold surfaces that separate qualitatively distinct phases.


'phase separation is a phase transition, but a specific kind' — spontaneous SPATIAL demixing driven by like-with-like interaction asymmetry, with coexisting phases and a real interface. A specialization of the generic phase-transition family. Tipping Points (or Phase Transitions) supplies the genus: Abrupt state change. Phase Separation preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A previously mixed system spontaneously demixes into distinct, spatially segregated regions once like-with-like interactions outweigh mixing above a threshold. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Phenomenalism presupposes interpretation because its central thesis, that statements about physical objects are analyzable into statements about actual and possible sense-experiences, is an interpretive program: a specific framework that recovers the meaning of object-talk from the structured patterns of sensory content. Interpretation supplies the general operation of recovering meaning from a representational substrate under a constraining framework that makes some readings available and others not; phenomenalism is the philosophical reading of object-talk in which the substrate is sensory content and the framework is reductionist.

Phenomenalism presupposes interpretation because reducing physical-object talk to sense-experience talk is a specific framework for recovering meaning from sensory signs.


Phenomenalism reduces object-claims to sense-data, an instance of the general reductionist stance. Reductionism supplies the genus: Explaining a whole entirely in terms of its constituent parts. Phenomenalism preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Reality known through perception. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Phenomenology presupposes interpretation because the disciplined description of experience-as-experienced -- intentionality, horizon, temporal flow, embodiment -- is itself the recovery of meaning from presented appearances under a methodological framework (the epoche, eidetic reduction). Without interpretation's structured movement from a presented medium toward a constrained reading, the phenomenological epoche has no procedure: bracketing the natural attitude requires deciding what counts as the structure of appearance versus the natural-attitude residue. Phenomenology is interpretation turned reflexively on first-person experience.

Phenomenology presupposes interpretation because describing structures of lived experience requires reading meaning from how things appear to a subject.


Pilot-to-scale is the EVALUATION-VALIDITY failure that scaling produces: scale-dependence is often the mechanism (the reactor's surface-to-volume falling as 1/L), and the pilot-mispredicts-scale claim presupposes the system's properties change with size. makes scale-dependence the mechanism behind a given instance. Scaling and Scale Dependence supplies the prerequisite condition: Patterns and constraints change qualitatively across different scales. Pilot To Scale Transition operates against that background: An effect proven in a curated niche need not survive the heterogeneous distribution of scale. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


A pipeline is a specialization of decomposition. Specifically, it instantiates the breaking-a-whole-into-recombinable-parts pattern with the additional commitment that the parts are sequenced stages and the recombination is a directed flow: each stage accepts the prior stage's output and produces input for the next. Like other decompositions, it assumes independent analysis of pieces yields the whole; the pipeline subclass enables concurrent processing of different stages on different items, trading staging overhead for throughput gains through overlap.

A pipeline is a specialization of decomposition that breaks a workflow into ordered stages whose outputs feed the next.


A pipeline is a sequence of stages through which work items flow, with each stage accepting outputs from the prior stage and producing inputs for the next. This presupposes iteration: the repeated application of a step with state carried between rounds and progress measured across rounds. Each stage transition is an iteration step where the work item's state advances; the pipeline's throughput depends on the per-stage iteration consuming the previous stage's output. Without iteration's structure of repeated application with state passed forward, staging collapses into a single monolithic operation rather than an ordered flow.

A pipeline presupposes iteration because work items advance through repeated stage transitions, each consuming the previous stage's output.


A pipeline divides a workflow into discrete, separable stages, each accepting outputs from the prior stage and producing inputs for the next, enabling overlap and parallelism. This presupposes modularity: decomposition into discrete, largely self-contained components with stable interfaces that define what each provides and what it depends on. Each pipeline stage is a module whose interface to neighbours is the stage's input and output types. Without modularity's commitment to clear boundaries and stable interfaces, stages could not be designed, tested, replaced, or run concurrently in isolation from one another.

A pipeline presupposes modularity because the discrete separable stages with well-defined interfaces are exactly modular components.


PK/PD modeling couples the pharmacokinetic dose-to-concentration mapping with the pharmacodynamic concentration-to-effect mapping, and this second half is structurally the dose-response relationship: how response magnitude depends on input intensity with characteristic potency, efficacy, slope, and ceiling parameters. Without dose-response's machinery — the quantitative mapping from input magnitude to response magnitude with its characteristic shape parameters — PK/PD would have no model of how concentration translates into clinical effect, and the dose-concentration-effect pipeline would terminate at concentration.

PK/PD modeling presupposes dose-response relationship because the pharmacodynamic half of the model is precisely the concentration-to-effect mapping the parent prime names.


PK/PD modeling characterizes how drug concentration moves through body compartments — absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion — which is structurally a flow process: a conserved quantity transported through a network along gradients, governed by rate and continuity equations. Without flow's machinery of directional transport with conservation, rate, and channel structure, the compartmental pharmacokinetic representation would have no transport-dynamics framework to deploy. Flow supplies the conserved-quantity transport substrate that pharmacokinetic modeling instantiates for drug molecules in physiological compartments.

PK/PD modeling presupposes flow because pharmacokinetic transport of drug across body compartments is structurally a flow of matter through a network.


PK/PD modeling presupposes therapeutic window because the entire dose-to-concentration-to-effect pipeline it constructs is constructed in order to keep the patient in the operating range where intended effects are achieved without unacceptable toxicity. The window supplies the upper and lower bounds the pipeline must respect; PK/PD supplies the quantitative apparatus for predicting whether a given regimen will hold the time-course of effect-site concentration inside those bounds. Without the prior commitment to a clinically meaningful operating range, the modeling has no design target.

PK/PD modeling presupposes therapeutic window because its dose-to-effect pipeline serves the goal of staying within a usable dose range.


A named systematic directional forecasting error; a bias. Secondary parent (optimism_bias is itself a child of bias). Bias supplies the genus: Systematic, directional error distinct from random noise. Planning Fallacy preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Forecasters of a novel task default to inside-view simulation over the outside-view reference class, systematically underestimating time, cost, and risk. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Planning_fallacy is 'optimism bias as it manifests in forecasts of one's own goal-directed tasks' — the directional skew specialized to a specific mechanism (inside-view simulation substituting for the outside-view reference class). A specialization of optimism_bias with extra mechanistic content (feedback-resistance, detail-worsens-it). Optimism Bias supplies the genus: Overestimate positive outcomes. Planning Fallacy preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Forecasters of a novel task default to inside-view simulation over the outside-view reference class, systematically underestimating time, cost, and risk. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Platform design creates a stable core on which independently developed applications or variants can be built. Interfaces are internal, load-bearing constituents of that design: APIs, connectors, schemas, or protocols specify what the core exposes, what remains hidden, how extensions connect, and which guarantees remain stable. Without explicit interfaces, external systems could not vary independently of the core, and the result would be a monolithic product rather than the extensible platform described by the live definition.

Standardized interfaces are internal constituents of platform design, exposing stable contracts through which independent extensions connect to the core.


Platform design creates a stable core foundation on which independent derivative applications are built without redesigning the core, with explicit interfaces letting external builders add specialized layers. This architecture is constituted by modularity: discrete components with well-defined boundaries, stable interfaces that decouple platform from applications, and low coupling between core and derivatives. Modularity supplies exactly this decomposition principle. Platform design presupposes it as the structural pattern that makes a stable core with interchangeable derivatives possible at all, so the platform discipline is modularity in a particular configuration.

Platform design presupposes modularity because the stable core and pluggable derivatives architecture is exactly modular decomposition with stable interfaces.


Platform design's core mechanism is a stable-core-plus-extension-surface, explicitly OCP-style. Open-Closed Principle supplies the prerequisite condition: Harden a stable kernel against modification and route all change through an open extension surface. Platform Design operates against that background: Extensible core systems. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Private-Public Preference Divergence supplies two distributions over one population, a systematic gap between what members privately hold and what is publicly expressed or inferred, and a loop that sustains the gap. Pluralistic Ignorance inherits that full structure and adds its distinctive mechanism: each member treats others' silence or conformity as sincere conviction, underestimates how many share the private dissent, and therefore continues the public behavior that misleads everyone else.

Pluralistic Ignorance is the misread-conformity species of Private-Public Preference Divergence in which members mistake others' public compliance for private endorsement.


The Poisson process is 'a particular continuous-time Markov process' whose state is the arrival count, incrementing at constant rate with exponential holding times. A strict special case of the memoryless state-transition genus. Markov Process supplies the genus: Future state depends only on the present, not the full history. Poisson Process preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: The structural skeleton of memoryless, independent arrivals at a constant average rate, serving as both null model and diagnostic coordinate system. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


A specific generative stochastic model; presupposes the random/stochastic frame (it is the null model for 'events with no structure beyond their rate'). Stochasticity vs. Determinism supplies the prerequisite condition: System behavior fully determined by prior state or fundamentally random. Poisson Process operates against that background: The structural skeleton of memoryless, independent arrivals at a constant average rate, serving as both null model and diagnostic coordinate system. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Polyphony is 'a constrained special case' of emergence — the specific arrangement producing a whole-property while PRESERVING the legible independence of the parts (emergence-with-audible-voices, not emergence-by-dissolution). Genus=emergence. Emergence supplies the genus: Complex patterns from simple rules. Polyphony preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Several independent lines coexist on a shared substrate, each retaining its own legible identity, while their interaction generates a coherent whole that none produces alone. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Polysemy presupposes signifier-signified duality because the condition of a single form carrying multiple related senses requires the two-faced sign structure in which a signifier is conventionally linked to a signified. Without the duality, there is no signifier to bear multiple sense-attachments and no signified concepts to which it can point. The duality supplies the foundational sign architecture; polysemy is the specific deviation from the simplest one-signifier-one-signified case to one-signifier-many-related-signifieds, where context disambiguates among motivated senses sharing a conceptual core.

Polysemy presupposes signifier-signified duality because multiple related senses sharing one form requires the two-faced sign structure to host the one-to-many mapping.


A population code recovers a quantity by a decoder that POOLS many noisy tuned elements; it presupposes an aggregation/pooling operation over the population. Aggregation supplies the prerequisite condition: Deliberately collapsing many items into a single summary, choosing which information to discard to gain tractability. Population Coding operates against that background: Information about a quantity is carried by the joint pattern across many individually noisy elements and read out by a decoder, yielding precision and robustness no single element provides. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


A portable context bundle contains the captured definition-time context that travels with and resolves the behavior unit. Context supplies an internal constituent: Surrounding state that selects which content a fixed focal signal carries. Portable Context Bundle requires that role within this mechanism: A behaviour-unit carries the context it was defined in, resolving against its definition-time environment rather than the ambient one at use. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.


Both patterns require non-interchangeable positions under a specified swap. Positional Advantage fixes the relata to locations and occupants, the currency of imbalance to leverage, reach, defensibility, or reaction time conferred by location, and the diagnostic to holding occupant resources constant while exchanging positions.

Positional Advantage is an Asymmetry specialized to a value-graded position space where exchanging occupants changes the advantage conferred by location.


Optionality is the value (open choices), postponement the mechanism that secures it by delaying commitment (reversibility is the other mechanism). Postponement presupposes optionality as the value it buys. Optionality supplies the prerequisite condition: The asymmetric value of having a choice—bounded downside, unbounded upside—without obligation to act. Postponement operates against that background: Delay the point at which a system commits to a final configuration until more information about which configuration is wanted arrives, trading earliness for accuracy. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Potentiation is a specialization of adaptation. The general pattern is a process by which a system changes its internal structure or parameters in response to sustained environmental input, preserving or improving fit to new conditions; the modification alters the system itself rather than being a moment-in-time response. Potentiation instantiates this with the modification being increased responsiveness: prior stimulus exposure sensitizes the system so that a subsequent identical or smaller dose produces a disproportionately larger response. It is adaptation directed toward amplified rather than dampened reactivity to the recurring stimulus class.

Potentiation is a specific kind of adaptation where prior exposure modifies the system to respond more strongly to subsequent stimuli.


Potentiation is the structural pattern in which prior exposure causes a system to respond disproportionately to a subsequent stimulus — the system's responsiveness, not the stimulus, has changed. This history-dependence requires that the past response be routed back to alter the parameters governing the next response, closing a loop between output and gain. The feedback structure supplies exactly that: a portion of the output influences subsequent input handling. Without that loop closure, no history-dependent sensitization could persist beyond the initial exposure.

Potentiation presupposes feedback because history-dependent sensitization requires past output to route back and modify the system's response gain.


Potentiation is a specialization of state and state transition. The general pattern specifies a state space, a transition relation, and the Markov-style commitment that future behaviour depends on current state plus inputs. Potentiation instantiates this with prior stimulus exposure as the trigger that transitions the system from a baseline state into a sensitized state; in the new state, the same input produces a disproportionately larger output. The history-dependence of the response is compressed into the system's current state variable (sensitization level), exactly the state-as-history-compression structure the parent pattern names.

Potentiation is a specific kind of state transition where prior exposure shifts the system into a sensitized state with different response dynamics.


Pragmatic Politeness Strategies are the patterned, group-shared expectations about how speakers should manage face threats in interaction, with deviations meeting disapproval and compliance sustained jointly by internalization and external sanction (raised eyebrows, social withdrawal, reputational cost). That is the defining structure of a social norm; politeness strategies specialize it to the domain of conversational face-work, supplying the specific repertoire (bald-on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, off-record, withhold) that the norm prescribes.

Pragmatic Politeness Strategies are a kind of social norm: face-management conventions group members expect, enforce, and internalize.


Pragmatic politeness strategies presuppose speech act theory because the face-threatening act framework operates on illocutions -- requests, refusals, criticisms, apologies, declarations -- whose performative force imposes the relational risk that politeness mitigates. Without speech act theory's separation of locution, illocution, and perlocution, there is no FTA to classify and no continuum of indirectness (bald-on-record through off-record) to navigate. The politeness vehicle works by adjusting how illocutionary force is delivered while preserving its perlocutionary aim.

Pragmatic politeness strategies presuppose speech act theory because face management operates on the illocutionary force of utterances threatening or supporting hearer-face.


Pragmatics is 'the specific structural account of how SIGNALS acquire meaning beyond their literal content via patterned contextual machinery'; interpretation is the general act of assigning meaning to anything. Pragmatics is the signal-specific species of interpretation. Interpretation supplies the genus: Recover meaning from a representational substrate under a framework that makes some readings available and others not. Pragmatics preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: What a signal means in context is the joint product of its literal content and patterned contextual machinery, not just what the signal literally encodes. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Stare decisis treats a prior case's outcome as presumptively binding on the present case when the cases are materially similar, and the work of identifying material similarity is analogical reasoning. Analogy provides the structural-mapping machinery — relational role-alignment between source and target — that lets the court project the rule from the precedent case onto the new fact pattern, and that lets the craft of distinguishing operate. Without analogical mapping, there is no way to determine which prior cases govern, so precedent cannot function without analogy as its inferential engine.

Precedent presupposes analogy because deciding like cases alike requires mapping the structural features of a prior case onto the present one.


Precedent is the legal particularization of path dependence: the trajectory of prior decisions constrains present rulings through the binding or strongly-persuasive weight of analogous earlier cases. Where path dependence names the constitutive role of historical sequence in current options generally, precedent fixes the substrate as legal decision-making, the carrier of history as the published body of prior rulings, and the lock-in mechanism as analogical reasoning under stare decisis — a particular shape history takes when accumulated decisions structure subsequent ones.

Precedent is the specific shape path dependence takes when prior decisions in a legal system bind or strongly guide present analogous cases.


Precision weighting maps several signals about a shared latent quantity into one estimate or update, thereby inheriting Aggregation's many-to-one collapse. It specializes the aggregation rule by requiring a per-source reliability estimate and influence proportional to precision. Fixed inverse-variance pooling and context-modulated gains are both instances; arbitrary sums, medians, or equal-weight pools are aggregation without this differentia.

Precision weighting is aggregation specialized to signals about one target whose influence scales with estimated inverse variance or an equivalent reliability measure.


Eager materialization exists only as a balance between build, storage, refresh, and staleness costs and cheaper, more predictable use-time access. Without competing build-time and use-time costs there is no timing choice to optimize. The mechanism performs and retains work early; Trade-offs is the general relation among competing priorities.


'a predicate is a one-PLACE relation, a relation is a multi-place predicate.' A (one-place) predicate is the unary special case of a relation; relation is the genus. Relation supplies the genus: Describes associations or dependencies. Predicate preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A testable yes-or-no property of an object, returning a truth value. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Both compare an observation with an explicit reference and make the departure a first-class fact. Prediction Error requires that the reference be generated by an identifiable predictor for this trial or time, retains the residual's direction or structure, and makes it available to update, route through, or diagnose the predictor.

Prediction error is baseline deviation specialized to a model-generated predictive reference and an operational signed residual.


Predictive coding presupposes compression because its central move is to suppress the expected component of an incoming signal and transmit only the residual prediction error: this is exactly the compression strategy of exploiting predictable structure to shorten what must be encoded. Compression supplies the general principle that redundant statistical regularity can be removed without loss; predictive coding instantiates it by making a generative model the source of the predicted regularity, so only the surprising remainder propagates as both message and learning signal.

Predictive coding presupposes compression because transmitting only the prediction error exploits the predictable signal's redundancy to shorten its representation.


Predictive_coding is one encoding scheme (transmit prediction-errors against a shared generative model); encoding_and_decoding is the general content<->code pair of which it is an instance. this explicitly. Add encoding_and_decoding as parent; predictive_coding keeps its compression/feedback parents. Encoding And Decoding supplies the genus: The paired transformation by which content is converted into a transmissible code by an encoder and recovered from it by a decoder, with faithful round-trip conditional on a shared scheme. Predictive Coding preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A system predicts its input and propagates only the prediction error. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Predictive coding maintains an internal generative model that predicts incoming signal, compares prediction to actual input, and transmits or acts upon only the residual error — which then updates the model. The construct is constitutively a closed loop: the error output feeds back to update the predictor that generated the prediction. Feedback supplies that loop closure between output and subsequent input. Without a feedback structure routing the residual back to revise the model, there would be no improvement of predictions over time and no closed predict-compare-correct cycle.

Predictive coding presupposes feedback because the predict-compare-correct loop routes prediction-error output back to update the generative model.


Remove the level-specific observed-minus-predicted residuals and the architecture has nothing to propagate upward, nothing with which to update its generative models, and no compact remainder to encode. Prediction Error is an internal constituent; Predictive Coding is the hierarchy that produces, routes, and minimizes it.

Prediction-error signals are internal messages in the predictive-coding hierarchy, comparing level-specific predictions with incoming activity and routing the residual upward.


Operates against a conformist baseline (the cheaper public stance) under expression-cost asymmetry; but is emphatic it is not conformity (held preference preserved, not adopted). Conformity supplies the prerequisite condition: Aligning one's behaviour or beliefs to a group standard. Preference Falsification operates against that background: Under asymmetric cost on expression, agents voice a cheaper preference than the one they privately hold, so the visible distribution diverges from the held one. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Private-Public Preference Divergence supplies the genus: A systematic gap between the distribution of privately-held preferences (or beliefs) in a group and the distribution publicly expressed or inferred, sustained because each member reads others' conformity as conviction and conforms in turn. Preference Falsification preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Under asymmetric cost on expression, agents voice a cheaper preference than the one they privately hold, so the visible distribution diverges from the held one. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.

Preference Falsification is a specialization of Private-Public Preference Divergence, retaining the parent's defining structure while adding the child's specific commitments.


Preference heterogeneity and conflict presupposes diversity because the impasse it diagnoses — agents holding incompatible goals that cannot simultaneously be satisfied — requires the prior presence of meaningful, functional variation across the agents in their values, priorities, or stakes. Without diversity's general apparatus of distinct types whose differences have functional consequences, all agents would converge on a single preference and conflict would dissolve. Preference heterogeneity inherits diversity's structure of variation-that-matters and specializes it to the case where the dimension of variation is final ends, and the consequences are decision impasses rather than productive complementarity.

Preference heterogeneity and conflict presupposes diversity because the irreconcilable wants it names require substantively varied agents whose ends differ.


Preference heterogeneity and conflict presupposes preference because the condition of substantively incompatible wants across agents only arises if each agent has a definable ordering over the choice set in the first place. Without preference as the per-agent ordering primitive, there is no individual ranking whose differences across agents could be incompatible, and no Arrow-style social-choice problem of aggregating those rankings. Preference supplies the per-agent ordering; heterogeneity and conflict name the structural condition where those orderings cannot be simultaneously satisfied, creating decision impasses requiring negotiation or aggregation.

Preference heterogeneity and conflict presupposes preference because incompatible wants across agents requires each agent to have a definable preference ordering.


'The preimage RIDES ON a forward mapping but runs its arrow backward... a preimage is only as trustworthy as the forward map is complete.' It is an operation defined ON a function_mapping (reverse the arrow), so it presupposes one. Function (Mapping) supplies the prerequisite condition: Relates inputs to outputs. Preimage operates against that background: The set of all inputs that map to a given output under some mapping. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Premature_optimization is 'refinement done at the wrong time' — a TIMING judgment about the refinement activity (same refinement is correct once structure settles). It presupposes refinement and indicts only its ordering relative to information arrival. Refinement supplies the prerequisite condition: Iteratively improving a candidate solution toward adequacy through repeated cycles of evaluation and adjustment that narrow the gap to a target, rather than deriving the answer in one shot. Premature Optimization operates against that background: Committing local refinement effort before global structure is known pays both search-cost and rigidity-cost without the information to spend either well. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Preparation is 'one configuration within the state machine' — a specialization of state_and_state_transition (holding the system in a primed intermediate state nearer threshold). State and State Transition supplies the genus: Captures system condition and evolution. Preparation preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Holding a system in a primed state nearer its activation threshold, paying a standing cost for a faster or larger response on trigger. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


The focal action relies on the intermediate condition supplied upstream, with a specifiable failure or cost increase when it is absent. The framing can be removed while the parent roles remain, so the edge records portable structural cargo rather than taxonomic identity.


The conditioning action must take effect before the focal action and after any prerequisites, making precedence and ordering constitutive. The framing can be removed while the parent roles remain, so the edge records portable structural cargo rather than taxonomic identity.


Lead-time, state duration, phase alignment, and reversion determine whether the focal action encounters the conditioned field. The framing can be removed while the parent roles remain, so the edge records portable structural cargo rather than taxonomic identity.


Presentational–Semantic Mismatch is the species in which one presentation carries a task-relevant relation that a parallel explicit semantic representation omits. Representational Structure Mismatch supplies the genus: A representation preserves its target's elements but misstates one or more task-relevant relations among them, so content can appear complete while its shape licenses the wrong traversal, inference, or action. Presentational–Semantic Mismatch preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A presentation carries distinctions that the underlying machine-consumable representation does not encode, so a consumer restricted to the semantic model receives a silently impoverished or different structure even though the rendered artifact looks complete. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Presentism is a specialization of anachronism in which the element placed in a time where it does not belong is specifically the interpreter's present-day values, concepts, and expectations, imported uncritically into the interpretation of past actors and events. It inherits anachronism's general structure of period-violation, where an item bound to one period appears in another, and specializes by fixing the direction (present-into-past), the carrier (the interpreter rather than a depicted object), and the consequence (systematic over-crediting of those who anticipated present views and under-crediting of those whose views reflected their own time's norms).

Presentism is a specialization of anachronism in which the temporally misplaced element is the interpreter's own present-day values and concepts.


The child presents a contested, sender-favoring premise as though grounding and mutual recognition had already occurred, exploiting the abbreviation and accommodation budget of a shared substrate. Prompt-context and formal-document analogues can bind engagement to payload without literal iterated agent recognition, so the dependency is typical rather than strict.

Presupposition Smuggling usually exploits a Common Ground system whose accommodation norm treats background propositions as mutually accepted.


Price discrimination presupposes the price mechanism because its structure — charging different prices to different buyer segments for the same good — operates on top of the prior apparatus of prices as the medium through which exchanges occur and surplus is allocated between buyer and seller. Without the price mechanism's prior structure of buyer willingness-to-pay meeting seller offer, there is no scalar dimension along which to discriminate. Price discrimination inherits this machinery and adds the further commitments that the seller has market power, can identify segments by willingness-to-pay, and can prevent arbitrage between low- and high-priced buyers.

Price discrimination presupposes the price mechanism because it depends on the prior existence of prices as the medium through which value is captured.


Price_elasticity is 'the economic SPECIAL CASE — fractional quantity response to fractional price'; elasticity is the substrate-neutral ratio of ANY fractional response to any fractional stimulus (stress/strain, dose/effect, CO2/temperature), of which price_elasticity is one instance. elasticity is the general parent. Elasticity supplies the genus: The unit-free ratio of a fractional response to a fractional stimulus. Price Elasticity preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Sensitivity to price changes. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Marginal analysis is the systematic deployment of incremental reasoning — evaluating decisions by comparing the marginal change in costs and benefits along one axis. Price elasticity is the particular shape this technique takes when the small change is in price and the marginal response is in quantity demanded or supplied. The dimensionless ratio (dQ/Q)/(dP/P) is the proportional marginal-response measure that scales the marginal-analysis derivative into a unit-free elasticity. It is a structurally-particularized instance of incremental reasoning specialized to price-quantity sensitivity.

Price elasticity is the specific shape marginal analysis takes when applied to the responsiveness of quantity to price changes.


The price mechanism is the specific shape allocation takes when the assignment of scarce resources to competing uses is coordinated by market prices that emerge from buyer demand and seller supply. It is a structurally-particularized instance of dividing limited supply among claimants, with the added commitment that the assignment is not directed by a central planner but produced by countless local decisions responding to a scalar signal — the price — that compresses dispersed information about scarcity, preferences, and costs. Allocation emerges as the aggregate of self-interested choices coordinated through that signal.

The price mechanism is the specific shape allocation takes when assignments to claimants are coordinated by market prices summarizing decentralized information.


The price mechanism presupposes exchange because the scalar price signal emerges from the aggregate interaction of buyers' and sellers' willingness to make conditional transfers. Without exchange's bilateral-transfer structure, there is no demand-supply interaction to compress into a price, and no opportunity-cost comparison for participants to make. Exchange supplies the substrate of conditional movements that, in aggregate across many participants, produces the decentralized scalar that then self-coordinates allocation. The invisible hand operates on exchange relations; price is what those relations summarize.

The price mechanism presupposes exchange because emergent prices arise only from the aggregate interaction of conditional transfers between buyers and sellers.


The worst-case ratio of selfish-equilibrium cost to the central-planner SOCIAL OPTIMUM presupposes a welfare/efficiency benchmark (the optimum it measures the gap against). Pareto Efficiency supplies the prerequisite condition: Optimal allocation. Price of Anarchy operates against that background: The worst-case ratio between the aggregate cost of selfish equilibrium play and the cost under centralized optimal coordination. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Primary-vs-secondary sources is the specific shape classification takes when the entities being sorted are evidentiary materials and the criterion is causal-temporal proximity to the phenomenon under study: primary materials are produced by or in direct contact with the phenomenon at its time of occurrence, secondary materials interpret or synthesize primary materials afterward. It is a structurally-particularized instance of assigning items to discrete categories by explicit criteria, with the added commitment that the classification governs argumentative use — primary materials supply evidence, secondary materials supply interpretation — and that boundary cases require source-criticism.

Primary-vs-secondary sources is the specific shape classification takes when evidence is sorted by causal and temporal proximity to the phenomenon studied.


Priming presupposes attention because the spreading-activation mechanism that makes a prior stimulus facilitate processing of related ones operates on the selective allocation of cognitive resource. The prime transiently raises activation of related representations, biasing what attention selects and processes deeply downstream. Without attention's gating function -- limited resource directed at some items at the expense of others -- there is no foreground for the prime's activation residue to bias. Priming exploits and depends on the same selection bottleneck attention names.

Priming presupposes attention because the prime's facilitating effect runs through which representations attention transiently activates and gates downstream.


Access_control is 'the mechanism' (the table/policy/gate); least_privilege is 'a normative rule about how to CONFIGURE that mechanism: grant the minimum'. It presupposes the access-control machinery and prescribes its setting. Access Control supplies the prerequisite condition: Restrict system access. Principle of Least Privilege operates against that background: Granting each component only the minimum authority its function requires bounds the blast radius of its compromise or error. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Least_privilege is the security specialization (sever every channel a component does not need; blast-radius limitation). Selective Information Severance supplies the genus: Deliberately cutting an information channel on a need-to-know basis, so a party cannot act on, be biased by, or leak information it never receives. Principle of Least Privilege preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Granting each component only the minimum authority its function requires bounds the blast radius of its compromise or error. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Prioritization actively orders competing claims on finite resources by some criterion of value, urgency, or dependency, producing a sequence that maximizes a chosen objective. The ordering is meaningful only when the resource is scarce and multiple demands compete for it — exactly the allocation problem of assigning limited supply across competing claimants. Allocation supplies the bare assignment structure; prioritization is allocation refined by an explicit ranking rule. Without the underlying scarcity-driven assignment problem, prioritization has nothing to rank and no resource to route by its ordering.

Prioritization presupposes allocation because ordering competing claims is only meaningful when a finite resource must be assigned among them.


Prioritization searches for an ordering of items that, when executed against finite resources, maximizes a chosen objective such as value delivered, urgency satisfied, or dependencies cleared. That is the optimization triplet: decision variable (the ordering), objective (the chosen value criterion), and constraints (resource and dependency limits). Prioritization specializes optimization to the case where the decision variable is an execution sequence and the constraints are scarce attention, time, or capital.

Prioritization is a kind of optimization: it selects an execution sequence that maximizes value under resource constraints.


Prioritization actively orders competing claims on finite resources by some criterion of value, urgency, dependency, or feasibility and commits to honoring that ranking. The ranking step is exactly an instance of preference: an evaluator imposes an ordering relation over a choice set on some evaluative dimension. Prioritization specializes preference by binding the ranking to scarce resources and to a downstream commitment about which item is served first, turning a disposition into an enforceable sequence.

Prioritization is a kind of preference: it expresses an evaluator's ordering over competing claims and acts on that ordering.


Measure supplies the genus: An additive rule that assigns non-negative size to subsets of a space. Probability preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Quantifies uncertainty and likelihoods. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.

Probability is a specialization of Measure, retaining the parent's defining structure while adding the child's specific commitments.


An explicit inclusion/exclusion boundary is an internal constituent of every problem frame rather than a background assumption. Removing the constituent makes the child incomplete although the constituent can occur independently.


A problem frame must encode selected units, relations, boundaries, and criteria in a representation that can be inspected and revised. The parent can occur independently, but without it the child’s mechanism is undefined, establishing prerequisite dependence.


problem_representation is a specialization of the canonical representation prime, specifically the choice of encoding FOR a problem (state space, operators, cost, goal). The dossier notes it sits between representation (genus) and problem_space (child).

Problem_representation is a specialization of the canonical representation prime, specifically the choice of encoding FOR a problem (state space, operators, cost, goal).


Problem Representation is the act or choice of encoding; Problem Space is the formal state-and-operator representation that choice induces. A searchable space is not a kind of encoding act, but without the choice no state variables, operators, costs, goals, or reachable region are fixed. The space therefore remains a strict species of Representation while depending on the Problem Representation that determines which particular space exists.

A Problem Space presupposes the upstream encoding choice that fixes its states, operators, costs, goals, and reachable region.


A problem space is a kind of representation specialized to problem-solving tasks: the agent imposes a structured mapping from the task onto a formal medium comprising initial state, goal state, operators, and intermediate-state lattice. It inherits representation's commitment to structured mapping from a target onto a medium under a stated convention preserving selected target features, and supplies the specific case where the target is a problem-solving task whose structure does not come intrinsically given but is imposed through the agent's chosen representation, with different problem-space encodings producing different search dynamics.

A problem space is a specialization of representation in which the represented target is a problem-solving task and the medium is a state-and-operator structure.


A problem space represents a task through an initial state, goal states, intermediate states, and operators that determine which transitions are possible. Removing the cognitive-agent, problem-solving, representation, and search framing leaves the portable state-transition skeleton: a state space, an initial condition, a transition relation, and reachable successor states. Problem Space is that structural machinery applied to making a task searchable and its possible solution paths explicit.

Problem Space is State and State Transition framed as a problem-solving representation with initial states, goals, operators, and search.


Procedural fairness is a specialization of fairness. Specifically, it instantiates the impartiality-or-principled-differentiation standard fairness names by attaching it to the procedure -- notice, opportunity to be heard, impartial decision-maker, reasoned justification -- rather than to outcome distributions. Like other fairness criteria, it satisfies a defensible standard of equal regard; due process is the subclass where consistency, voice, and bias-absence in process drive legitimacy and compliance independent of outcome favorability, distinguishing it from substantive fairness criteria over allocations.

Procedural fairness (due process) is a specialization of fairness that locates the impartiality standard in the decision-making procedure rather than its outcomes.


Procedure-work mismatch (work-as-imagined vs work-as-done) is the official-vs-actual divergence specialized to a prescriptive work artefact and its enacted practice, with the gap often load-bearing. is-a the formal/informal-structures distinction applied to procedures. Clean fit.


Processing fluency is a specialization of bias. The general pattern is a systematic, sign-bearing displacement of a process's outputs away from a true or intended value that survives the infinite-sample limit. Processing fluency instantiates this with the process being evaluative judgment and the displacement being misattribution: stimuli that are easy to process are systematically rated higher on familiarity, quality, and truthfulness independently of content. The bias has a consistent sign (fluency raises evaluations, disfluency lowers them) and persists across repeated judgments, satisfying the structural definition of a bias source.

Processing fluency is a specific kind of bias where the ease of cognitive processing systematically displaces evaluative judgments.


Processing fluency presupposes the heuristic pattern because it functions as a metacognitive shortcut: subjective ease is misattributed to stimulus properties (familiarity, truth, quality), substituting a fast subjective signal for slower content-evaluation. Without the heuristic framing -- a simplified rule that trades accuracy for speed and yields good-enough judgments under ecological fit -- fluency effects would be mere measurement artifacts rather than a systematic decision principle. The ease-as-cue mechanism is the heuristic rule whose costs and benefits fluency research charts. Heuristic supplies the prerequisite condition: Mental shortcuts. Processing Fluency operates against that background: Cognitive ease with stimulus influences judgment independent of content. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.

Processing fluency presupposes the heuristic pattern because ease-of-processing is itself a fast cue substituted for slower analytical judgment.


It inherits the hidden state, trace-producing mechanism, observable trace, inference rule, dependence-sensitive aggregation, and defeaters. It narrows the hypothesis to source identity and the trace to involuntary, stable, cross-output regularities surviving content normalization.

A production signature is the evidence species in which an observable output trace bears defeasibly on the hypothesis that a particular process made it.


The producer configuration supplies the preserved property; content changes and repeated productions supply transformations; normalization supplies the test; and signature collapse occurs when the trace no longer survives those transformations or ceases to discriminate producers.

Source attribution depends on signature features surviving changes of content, occasion, and output instance while non-signature features vary.


The artifact does not name its producer. A recognizer must encode it, extract diagnostic features, compare them with candidate templates, and issue a classification. The physical imprint supplies the pattern; Pattern Recognition supplies the procedure by which it becomes source attribution.

Reading a production signature requires extracting residual features, matching them to stored source profiles, and crossing a source-attribution threshold.


Progressive_disclosure is 'the specific, receiver-facing SPECIES of layering' defined by three added constraints (per-layer sufficiency, minimum-sufficient visible layer, a visible affordance down) generic layering lacks. Genus=layering. Layering supplies the genus: Segments systems into levels. Progressive Disclosure preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Reveal information or options in stages calibrated to the receiver's current need-to-know, each stage sufficient to act on, with deeper layers reachable on demand behind a visible affordance. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Progressive refinement from a core model starts by identifying a simpler, solvable baseline that captures the dominant structure of a complex phenomenon. This presupposes abstraction: the purpose-relative retention of load-bearing structure, selecting what matters for the reasoning at hand while discarding what does not. The baseline is precisely such an abstraction, judged to retain the structure that controls leading-order behaviour while the corrections account for what was dropped. Without abstraction's judged-retention move, there is no principled baseline against which the small-parameter expansion can be organized.

Progressive refinement from core model presupposes abstraction because identifying a simpler solvable baseline requires purpose-relative retention of the dominant structure.


Progressive refinement from a core model presupposes approximation because its baseline-plus-correction structure requires that the baseline serves as a tractable surrogate for the full phenomenon with a named small-parameter error, and that each higher-order correction is controlled in size relative to what it corrects. Without approximation's discipline -- a controlled and bounded error in known units -- the refinement series has no convergence diagnostic and no stopping rule. The self-diagnostic ('higher-order terms must stay small') is the approximation tolerance check applied recursively. Approximation supplies the prerequisite condition: Good-enough representation. Progressive Refinement from Core Model operates against that background: Incremental refinement. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.

Progressive refinement from a core model presupposes approximation because each successive correction is a controlled error term added to a tractable baseline.


Progressive refinement from a core model writes the full phenomenon as baseline plus correction, with refinements added systematically in increasing orders of a small parameter until the required accuracy is reached. This presupposes iteration: the repeated application of a step with state carried between rounds, a progress measure, and a stopping condition. Each correction order is an iteration step that consumes the prior approximation and produces the next; the self-diagnostic check that higher-order terms remain small is the progress measure that licenses continued iteration or signals that the baseline must be reconsidered.

Progressive refinement from core model presupposes iteration because successive correction terms are added round by round until accuracy targets are met.