Abilene Paradox is a specialization of Private-Public Preference Divergence, retaining the parent's defining structure while adding the child's specific commitments.

Private-Public Preference Divergence supplies the genus: A systematic gap between the distribution of privately-held preferences (or beliefs) in a group and the distribution publicly expressed or inferred, sustained because each member reads others' conformity as conviction and conforms in turn. Abilene Paradox preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A group converges on an action no member privately endorses because each misreads the others' silence or polite assent as genuine preference, so the aggregation channel filters out exactly the disagreement that would have revealed the better option. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Absence as information is evidence carried by an expected but missing trace under a modeled absence-generating process.

The child specializes evidence to a non-occurrence whose likelihood under competing hypotheses is discriminating. A modeled expectation and an understood absence-generating process are required; uninstrumented silence does not satisfy the genus.


A named guard against a degenerate Bayesian update where the detection likelihood P(null|present) is silently set to 1; it presupposes the updating machinery and forces the omitted likelihood term. Bayesian Updating supplies the prerequisite condition: Update beliefs with evidence. Absence Of Evidence Vs Evidence Of Absence operates against that background: A null finding becomes evidence against a claim only in proportion to how likely the search was to detect the claim had it been true. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


'one sharp lesson' within the broad apparatus of statistical_inference — the specific asymmetry that a null counts only in proportion to detection power. Statistical Inference supplies the genus: Reasoning from a finite, noisy sample back to the underlying population or process while explicitly quantifying the uncertainty that sampling introduces. Absence Of Evidence Vs Evidence Of Absence preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A null finding becomes evidence against a claim only in proportion to how likely the search was to detect the claim had it been true. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


An absorbing state is a configuration in a transition system one can enter but not leave with one's modality; it presupposes the state-machine apparatus (modality-relative reachability over a transition graph). State and State Transition supplies the prerequisite condition: Captures system condition and evolution. Absorbing State Under Restricted Modality operates against that background: A state one can enter but not leave with one's available modality of action. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Absorptive capacity is a specific kind of internalization where external knowledge is taken inward and reconstituted as endogenous capability.

Absorptive capacity is a specialization of internalization. The general pattern relocates an element from outside an agent to inside, so what was once external is now governed from within and operates without depending on the external source. Absorptive capacity instantiates this with the element being external knowledge: the system recognizes, assimilates, and applies outside insights via internal R&D, boundary-spanning roles, and prior related knowledge. The acquired knowledge becomes endogenous capability, no longer requiring sustained external transmission to operate, which is exactly the boundary-relocation move internalization names.


Absorptive capacity is a specific kind of learning where the agent acquires capability by recognizing and assimilating external knowledge.

Absorptive capacity is a specialization of learning. The general pattern is the durable, experience-driven self-update of an agent's internal capability such that future performance changes. Absorptive capacity instantiates this with the experience being exposure to external knowledge and the update being internal processes that recognize, assimilate, and apply it. Prior related knowledge determines what can be acquired, which is the schema-formation mechanism learning depends on. It is learning specifically organized around uptake from outside sources rather than from direct experience or instruction.


Ability to recognize, assimilate, and apply external knowledge is one specific latent resource within the broader reorganization-reserve that constitutes adaptive capacity. Adaptive Capacity supplies the genus: Ability to change. Absorptive Capacity preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Ability to integrate knowledge. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


An ADT 'includes the interface but is richer' — a behavioural contract (interface signatures PLUS invariants/laws) with a conformance relation and substitutability guarantee. ADT is built on interface. Interface supplies the prerequisite condition: A bounded, rule-governed surface across which two systems exchange information or control while hiding their internals, letting each evolve independently behind a stable contract. Abstract Data Type operates against that background: Specify a component by its externally observable behaviour while suppressing its implementation, so any conforming implementation is interchangeable behind the contract. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Abstract Data Type typically presupposes Information Hiding, whose structure must already obtain for the child mechanism to be meaningful or operational.

Information Hiding supplies the prerequisite condition: Deliberately concealing internal facts behind a stable public surface to control dependencies. Abstract Data Type operates against that background: Specify a component by its externally observable behaviour while suppressing its implementation, so any conforming implementation is interchangeable behind the contract. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Abstract_work is the output of an abstraction operation when the result is a content-identity carried across swappable carriers — presupposes abstraction but adds the load-bearing instance-set and identity-criterion that abstraction-in-general lacks. The 0.93 similarity is parent-to-product. Abstraction supplies the prerequisite condition: Focus on core elements. Abstract Work operates against that background: A content identity that persists across its concrete carriers, with an explicit criterion for which instance-variations preserve the work and which fork a new one. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Abstract Work is the enriched work-and-carrier species of the bare type-and-token split, adding a content identity criterion, attribution, and lineage. A Work is a repeatable identity distinct from its numerically distinct concrete realizations, with facts and operations routed separately to the shared identity and to each realization. The Work species adds culturally anchored content identity, a same-work boundary, producer attribution, and revision-versus-fork lineage.


Abstraction in art is the specific shape abstraction takes when representational detail is stripped to isolate essential formal or conceptual properties.

Abstraction in art is the structurally-particularized form abstraction takes in the aesthetic-creation case: the concrete original is the depictable subject, the purpose is heightened formal, emotional, or conceptual encounter, and the projection deliberately drops representational fidelity to amplify color, line, shape, and rhythm. It satisfies abstraction's three-part specification — concrete original, purpose, projection — particularized by the artistic-strategy commitment that what-remains-carries-all-the-weight.


Access catchment contains a threshold because its tolerance horizon is the critical cost value at which a candidate changes from included to excluded.

Node, medium, and horizon jointly define the catchment; the horizon supplies the sharp membership response to time, distance, cost, latency, or effort. Threshold supplies an internal constituent: Safe vs harmful levels. Access Catchment requires that role within this mechanism: The set of users who can reach a node given friction and a tolerance horizon. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.


Access control is a specific kind of authority, exercising legitimate power to grant or deny actions on resources.

Access control is a specialization of authority. The general pattern is legitimate power to make binding decisions that persist even when the subject would otherwise resist, residing in recognized roles rather than raw capability. Access control instantiates this with the binding decisions being authorization verdicts (grant or deny) over principal-action-resource triples, expressed in permissions, roles, or attribute rules. The policy is binding because the protected system recognizes the authorization layer's right to decide; the enforcement is legitimate domination over resource access, the Weberian shape of authority operating in computational systems.


Access control is a specific kind of constraint, restricting admissible principal-action-resource combinations to those satisfying a security policy.

Access control is a specialization of constraint. The general pattern is a condition that restricts the set of admissible configurations to those satisfying it, with the feasible set as a first-class object. Access control instantiates this with the configurations being principal-action-resource combinations and the binding condition being a security policy: unauthorized combinations are not admissible candidates regardless of other merit. The authorization layer enforces the binding restriction at runtime, partitioning the space of attempted accesses into permitted and forbidden, which is exactly constraint's structural commitment.


Access control presupposes boundary because deciding who may cross into resources requires a demarcation between inside and outside.

Access control determines whether a principal may perform an action on a resource, enforcing a policy that separates authorized from unauthorized access. The very operation requires a demarcation between protected and external — a boundary around the resource with controlled permeability. Boundary supplies the structural object: bounded entity, demarcation criterion, and selective crossing mechanism. Access control is then boundary specialized to digital and procedural resources, with the policy specifying the crossing rule. Without a boundary to enforce, there is no inside-outside distinction for access control to mediate.


An entry-asymmetric cost paid only at the crossing of a membership boundary; it presupposes a status boundary partitioning insiders from outsiders. Boundary supplies the prerequisite condition: Defines system limits. Access Friction operates against that background: An entry-asymmetric cost paid only by those crossing a membership boundary, shaping who is present rather than who is qualified. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Accidental Vs Essential Complexity is a specialization of Complexity, retaining the parent's defining structure while adding the child's specific commitments.

Complexity supplies the genus: Measures system intricacy. Accidental Vs Essential Complexity preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A system's complexity splits into the irreducible difficulty of the problem and the removable difficulty introduced by the chosen approach. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Accommodation is a specialization of Adaptation, retaining the parent's defining structure while adding the child's specific commitments.

Adaptation supplies the genus: Systems adjust to conditions. Accommodation preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Systems modify internal structure or behavior in response to external pressures. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Accountability presupposes authority because answering for outcomes requires a recognized power-to-decide whose exercise can be traced and assessed.

Accountability presupposes authority because the relation of answering for outcomes requires that some legitimately empowered party have exercised decision-making power whose results can be attributed and assessed. Without authority's framework of recognized binding decisions, there is no decision to answer for and no role-holder to hold answerable. Accountability operates by tracing outcomes back to authorized decision-makers and subjecting them to evaluation against the mandate their authority carries; the answerability relation is anchored to the structure of legitimate power.


Action bias is a specific member of the bias family: the deviation toward acting over forbearing, produced by an attributional asymmetry in an accountable setting. Genus-to-species. Bias supplies the genus: Systematic, directional error distinct from random noise. Action Bias preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: When acting and not acting have similar expected payoffs, decision-makers systematically prefer to act, because action is more visible and attributable than inaction, biasing choice toward doing something beyond what the payoff calculus justifies. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Activation energy presupposes constraint because the barrier defines a binding threshold below which the process cannot proceed.

Activation energy is the minimum threshold of energy or effort required to initiate a process before it proceeds spontaneously. This presupposes constraint: a condition that restricts the set of admissible configurations to those satisfying it, with the feasible set as a first-class object. The barrier acts as a binding restriction on the process: configurations below the threshold are not admissible candidates regardless of other merit, partitioning the dynamics into forbidden and feasible regimes. Without constraint's framing of binding thresholds, activation energy reduces to a numeric parameter rather than a structural gatekeeper.


Activation energy presupposes state and state transition because the energy threshold gates the transition between an initial state and a final state.

Activation energy is the minimum threshold required to initiate a process before it proceeds spontaneously — the barrier separating an initial state from a final state. The construct is constitutively about state transitions: there is a starting state, an ending state energetically favorable to the starting one, and a barrier whose crossing constitutes the transition. State-and-state-transition supplies that architecture: distinct states with rule-governed transitions between them. Without an underlying state-transition framework, there is nothing for the threshold to gate and no transition for the activation energy to enable.


The trigger's threshold barrier — 'one element of mobilization'. After the chemistry_materials frame is stripped away, the retained structural roles are those of Mobilization: Latent capacity is activated, channeled into directed action, and then sustained or returned to rest. Activation Energy adds the local frame and commitments expressed in its identity: The minimum input that must be supplied to push a thermodynamically favorable but stalled process past a barrier before momentum carries it to completion. The parent pattern remains recognizable without that vocabulary, while the child is the framed realization of it. That preservation test establishes decomposition rather than taxonomic subsumption.


Activation_energy is the barrier-magnitude scalar that is one of metastability's five ingredients; metastability is the whole geometry (local well and barrier and lower destination and kinetic isolation and masquerade window). After the chemistry_materials frame is stripped away, the retained structural roles are those of Metastability: A system persists in a locally stable configuration that is not the global optimum, held there by a barrier that routine disturbances cannot clear. Activation Energy adds the local frame and commitments expressed in its identity: The minimum input that must be supplied to push a thermodynamically favorable but stalled process past a barrier before momentum carries it to completion. The parent pattern remains recognizable without that vocabulary, while the child is the framed realization of it. That preservation test establishes decomposition rather than taxonomic subsumption.


Adaptive radiation is a high-rate branching BURST gated jointly on an opportunity-opening event, a variable source population, and a niche structure that rewards differentiation — a specialization of the general branching-and-merging topology with rate and gating and niche-structure added.

Adaptive radiation is a high-rate branching BURST gated jointly on an opportunity-opening event, a variable source population, and a niche structure that rewards differentiation — a specialization of the general branching-and-merging topology with rate + gating + niche-structure added.


Adaptive Radiation is typically a specialization of Natural Selection, retaining the parent's defining structure while adding the child's specific commitments.

Natural Selection supplies the genus: A population of varying, heritable variants is filtered by a selection pressure so that the better-performing variants differentially reproduce or persist, shifting the population's composition over rounds — variation, selection, and retention as a substrate-neutral engine. Adaptive Radiation preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A variable source population given access to a newly opened, niche-structured space of opportunity fans out rapidly into many specialized subtypes, then consolidates as niches saturate — a burst gated jointly on opportunity, variability, and niche structure. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Adaptive Redirection is the deliberate discontinuous-course species of adjustment to changed evidence, distinguished by preservation and redeployment from the old course. A system changes its organization or behavior in response to conditions so it can continue pursuing function under a revised fit to the environment. The change selects a materially new course from a three-way option set and makes retained learning or capability from the disconfirmed course load-bearing in it.


A redirection qualifies only when experience on the rejected course produces a durable update that is retained and used to select or execute the new course. Adaptive Redirection is not a species of Learning; it is a course-selection event that depends on and redeploys a learning output. Remove the durable experience-driven update and the change becomes a restart, arbitrary switch, or externally forced reroute rather than adaptive redirection. Learning can occur without a course change, but this relation cannot preserve and redeploy prior evidence unless learning has already produced something durable.


Additive bias is a specific member of the bias family: a direction-asymmetric search distribution over transformations that over-samples 'add' and under-visits 'remove'. Bias supplies the genus: Systematic, directional error distinct from random noise. Additive Bias preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: When asked to improve a system, agents reliably reach first for adding a component and underweight removing one, so the search distribution over transformations is direction-asymmetric and long-lived systems accrete past their purpose-optimal complexity. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


A missing projected second-pair part must itself become a detected positive signal; without noticeable absence the child source says there is no adjacency pair.

The first move creates the expectation and the unfilled second slot supplies the non-occurrence. Timeout, conversational silence, ritual breakdown, and procedural default are substrate-specific detectors of the same constituent.


Adjacency Pair is Setup-Resolution Pair specialized by noticeable absence, preference asymmetry, and an explicit repair affordance. The parent supplies the genus and can occur without the child; the child preserves it while adding commitments the parent does not require.


Adjudication and dispute resolution presupposes authority because the third party's binding determination requires legitimate power to settle contested claims.

Adjudication and dispute resolution presupposes authority because the third party's role in examining competing claims and rendering a binding decision rests on legitimate power -- court, arbitrator, regulator, ombudsperson -- recognized as entitled to settle the dispute and enforce the outcome. Without authority's apparatus of obligations that persist against subject resistance, the adjudicator's reasoned determination has no binding force and disputants need not abide by it. Procedural legitimacy is authority earned through impartial process; adjudication is authority structured for dispute settlement. Authority supplies the prerequisite condition: The recognized, legitimate right to issue binding decisions within a defined scope, distinct from raw coercive force or mere persuasive influence. Adjudication (Dispute Resolution) operates against that background: Dispute resolution. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Adversarial signal imitation presupposes Signaling because it can only copy a cue whose established relation to a hidden type already causes receivers to update.

The attacker does not create credibility from nothing; it exploits an existing signal that receivers use to infer a hidden type. Signaling supplies the cue-to-type update rule and the separating cost or constraint whose informational value the imitator attempts to borrow.


Adverse selection is the specific shape information asymmetry takes when hidden types skew the pool of willing participants pre-contract.

Adverse selection is the specific shape information asymmetry takes when the unequal private knowledge concerns a type — a quality of a good, a risk profile, a willingness to repay — and the asymmetry operates before contract, sorting who shows up to transact. It is a structurally-particularized instance of one side holding material private knowledge the other cannot verify, with the added commitments that the hidden element is a fixed type rather than a chosen action, the distortion runs through self-selection of the worst-for-the-uninformed-party types into the transaction, and the equilibrium can degrade to market collapse.


Adverse Selection is selection specialized to hidden pre-contractual types whose unequal willingness to accept uniform terms degrades the participant pool.

Adverse Selection contains Selection's eligible population, operative basis, differential passage, and shifted survivor composition. Potential transactors have different hidden types; uniform terms make participation more attractive to some types than others, so the pool that enters or remains is compositionally different from the eligible population. Adverse Selection adds private type information, an uninformed counterparty, pre-contract timing, an adverse direction from that counterparty's perspective, and possible iterative unraveling. Information Asymmetry remains an independent strict coordinate because generic selection need not involve unequal knowledge.


The agency problem presupposes delegation of authority because the principal-agent distortion only arises once decision-making is transferred to an agent.

The agency problem presupposes delegation of authority because its entire structure requires a prior assignment of decision-making power from a principal to an agent who acts on the principal's behalf. Without that transfer of operational authority, there is no agent whose hidden interests and unobservable effort can diverge from the principal's. Delegation supplies the architecture — principal, agent, scope of decisions, accountability mechanism — that the agency problem then diagnoses as imperfect: divergence of interests plus information asymmetry yields welfare loss that contracts and monitoring can mitigate but rarely eliminate.


The agency problem typically presupposes information asymmetry because misaligned interests bite when the principal cannot fully observe the agent's actions.

The agency problem typically presupposes information asymmetry because the costly divergence between principal and agent arises chiefly when the agent's actions, effort, or private knowledge are imperfectly observable, so the principal cannot verify compliance or condition payment on inputs. Without that observational gap, contracts could be written directly on the agent's action and agency loss would largely vanish. Symmetric-information principal-agent settings can still display misaligned objectives but typically reduce to standard contracting problems; the characteristic agency problem of moral hazard and adverse selection requires asymmetric private knowledge as its operating condition.


Agency_problem (principal-agent) PRESUPPOSES two agents, each satisfying agency's goal/world-model/action-selection triad.

agency_problem (principal-agent) PRESUPPOSES two agents, each satisfying agency's goal/world-model/action-selection triad. It is a relational configuration built ON agency, not a kind-of agency — so the edge flavor is presupposes, not is-a.


The divergence is a diagnostic about READING an aggregate: it presupposes aggregation (the collapsing operation) and adds a heterogeneous mix, a stock/flow masking duration, and the opposite-direction-trends invariant. 'presupposes aggregation but adds...'. Aggregation supplies the prerequisite condition: Deliberately collapsing many items into a single summary, choosing which information to discard to gain tractability. Aggregate-Marginal Divergence operates against that background: The aggregate trends one way while the next unit's contribution trends the other. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


The aggregation rule taking micro states to macro regularities. After the statistics_experimental_design frame is stripped away, the retained structural roles are those of Micro Macro Linkage: A two-way bridge by which micro units produce macro regularities and macro conditions reshape the micro situation. Aggregation adds the local frame and commitments expressed in its identity: Deliberately collapsing many items into a single summary, choosing which information to discard to gain tractability. The parent pattern remains recognizable without that vocabulary, while the child is the framed realization of it. That preservation test establishes decomposition rather than taxonomic subsumption.


Alertness is the standing-capacity position in a recognition pipeline (salience -> alertness -> attention); it conditions the noticing that attention then deploys. It presupposes the attention apparatus while being the PREPARED state distinct from the DEPLOYED act. Attention supplies the prerequisite condition: The selective allocation of a fixed processing capacity to some inputs while the rest are filtered out, surfacing scarcity upstream of every decision. Alertness operates against that background: A standing capacity to notice, distinct from the act of attending. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


An algorithm presupposes iteration because executing a finite sequence of prescribed steps that update state until termination is the iterative pattern.

An algorithm is a finite, definite, effective procedure that transforms inputs to outputs through an ordered sequence of mechanically-executable steps with a termination condition. This presupposes iteration: the repeated application of a step with state carried between rounds, a stopping condition, and a notion of progress. Each algorithmic step consumes the prior state and produces the next, exactly the use-of-prior-output structure iteration requires. The termination guarantee and the progress measure that distinguishes a halting algorithm from a non-halting loop are the same structural commitments iteration specifies.


An algorithm presupposes function because the procedure it specifies is precisely a mechanical way of realizing a deterministic input-to-output mapping.

An algorithm presupposes function because the well-defined procedure it specifies makes sense only as the computational realization of a function from admissible inputs to results: same input, same output, without reference to the evaluator's state. Function supplies the single-valued dependency that the algorithm operationalizes by giving a finite, definite, effective sequence of steps that always produces the corresponding output. Without the prior availability of function as a deterministic mapping, there is no extensional behavior for the algorithmic procedure to compute, and its termination value would have no normative target.


Aliasing is a specialization of Discretization-Induced Artifact, retaining the parent's defining structure while adding the child's specific commitments.

Discretization-Induced Artifact supplies the genus: Converting a continuous quantity into discrete buckets produces apparent structure that is a property of the bucket boundaries rather than of the underlying phenomenon. Aliasing preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Sampling a signal below the rate its information content demands folds distinct high-frequency states onto identical low-frequency ones, fabricating false structure that masquerades as real signal. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Aliasing presupposes Scale, whose structure must already obtain for the child mechanism to be meaningful or operational.

Scale supplies the prerequisite condition: Properties change with size. Aliasing operates against that background: Sampling a signal below the rate its information content demands folds distinct high-frequency states onto identical low-frequency ones, fabricating false structure that masquerades as real signal. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Alienation presupposes the social construction of reality because the estranged element appears as external precisely through the objectivation phase of joint constitution.

Alienation presupposes the social construction of reality because its defining inversion, that what is substantially the agent's own confronts them as external power, runs through the objectivation move at the heart of social construction: human activity produces patterns that come to be experienced as independent objective things, including by their producers. Without the prior availability of construction's externalization-objectivation-internalization cycle, there is no mechanism by which a constitutive relation could be inverted into an apparent estrangement. Alienation is the pathological reading of the same constitutive process.


Alienation presupposes asymmetry because the estrangement it names is a directed inversion between an agent and what is constitutively their own.

Alienation describes a condition in which agents become estranged from their own activity, products, or species-being such that the estranged element confronts them as external, opposed, or independent. The relation is constitutively non-interchangeable: the agent is the substrate that produced the element, while the element appears as an alien power dominating the agent. This directed inversion fails the swap-test — switching agent and product changes the situation fundamentally. Alienation is asymmetry with a particular content: a subject-substrate gap where the constitutive relation reads backwards from its proper direction.


Allocation presupposes scarcity because the assignment of finite supply across competing claimants only becomes a problem when demand exceeds supply.

Allocation presupposes scarcity because the assignment of a limited supply across competing claimants only becomes a problem when demand exceeds supply such that giving to one denies to another. Without scarcity's structural condition that available quantity is insufficient to satisfy all simultaneous demands, no allocation choice is required — abundance permits all claims to be met without competition or trade-off. Scarcity supplies the structural-precondition that makes allocation a problem worth solving; allocation supplies the bare-assignment operation that resolves the resulting competition into a definite distribution.


Allometry and scaling law is a specialization of scaling and scale dependence that captures cross-size variation via power-law exponents.

Allometry and scaling law is a specialization of scaling and scale dependence. Specifically, it instantiates the qualitative-change-with-scale pattern in the quantitative subclass where the relationship between size and another property follows Y proportional to X to the b, with the exponent b carrying the scaling regime's structural fingerprint. Like other scale-dependence claims, it asserts that what governs the system shifts with size; allometry is the subclass where that shift takes the specific shape of a power law whose exponent recurs across seemingly unrelated systems.


Amara's Law is bias specialized to opposite-signed forecast errors at short and long horizons around a nonlinear realization curve.

It inherits systematic directional deviation rather than random error and adds linear projection from a salient early signal, missed near-term friction, and under-compounded long-term diffusion.


Ambidexterity is a specialization of adaptive capacity in which the held reserve is the parallel ability to explore and to exploit.

Ambidexterity is a specialization of adaptive capacity in which the latent reserve that supports reorganization is the simultaneous capability to exploit existing competencies and to explore new ones. It inherits adaptive capacity's general structure as the second-tier reserve enabling reconfiguration when disturbances exceed first-tier scope, and specializes by fixing the reserve's content to a dual capability with different structures, processes, and incentives. The exploration arm supplies novel options for reconfiguration; the exploitation arm sustains current performance during transition. Their joint maintenance is what makes the organization able to adapt without collapsing operations.


The 'conservative propagation' that re-broadcasts the founding draw is an amplification step. After the physics frame is stripped away, the retained structural roles are those of Founder Effect: A small unrepresentative initial subset starts a new population through a narrow gate, and its idiosyncratic composition is amplified into the descendant's durable identity. Amplification adds the local frame and commitments expressed in its identity: Increase signal or disturbance. The parent pattern remains recognizable without that vocabulary, while the child is the framed realization of it. That preservation test establishes decomposition rather than taxonomic subsumption.


Analogy is a specialization of comparison in which the alignment rule is structural role-mapping rather than feature-matching.

Analogy is a kind of comparison specialized by its alignment mechanism: the items compared are entire domains, and the alignment rule projects structural roles and relations from a source domain onto a target domain rather than matching surface features. It inherits comparison's commitment to placing items under a shared frame with an alignment rule producing a relational output, and supplies the specific case where commensurability is achieved through relational role-correspondence, licensing inferences in the target by transporting the source's relational structure across the mapping.


Analogy presupposes abstraction because mapping relational roles between domains requires those roles to have been abstracted away from surface features.

Analogy presupposes abstraction because mapping between two domains by relational role rather than surface similarity requires those roles to have been abstracted from their concrete embedding in each domain. Without abstraction's purpose-relative retention of structure — selecting load-bearing features while discarding the rest — the source domain's relational skeleton could not be lifted from its specific contents to project onto the target. Abstraction supplies the structure-extracting operation that makes the source's roles transportable; analogy supplies the cross-domain mapping that uses those abstracted roles to license inferences in the target.


Anchoring is a kind of heuristic: an initial reference point yields a fast judgment that is systematically biased toward the anchor.

Anchoring substitutes proximity-to-the-anchor for full deliberation, producing rapid numerical estimates by adjustment from an initial reference rather than by exhaustive analysis. That is the defining profile of a Heuristic — a simplified rule trading speed and cognitive cost against accuracy, with characteristic systematic error in some environments. Anchoring specializes heuristic to numeric judgment under reference-point exposure, with the predictable signature that the anchor's value pulls final answers toward it even when uninformative.


Anchoring is a specialization of bias in which the systematic displacement is toward an initial reference point that resists adjustment.

Anchoring is a specialization of bias. Specifically, it instantiates the systematic-displacement-from-the-true-value pattern by locating the mechanism in insufficient adjustment from a salient initial value: even arbitrary or explicitly-irrelevant anchors pull subsequent judgments toward themselves in a consistent direction that more deliberation does not erase. It satisfies bias's defining signature -- a sign and offset surviving averaging -- with the offset traced to the anchor stimulus and its imperfect adjustment, distinguishing it within the broader catalog of cognitive biases.


Anthropomorphism presupposes a concept of agency because it projects an agentive interpretation onto a target whose agency has not been established.

Without an observer-side category of goal-directed agency, surface cues could prompt resemblance or pattern recognition but could not support the distinctive inference that the target intends, understands, wants, or acts for reasons.


Theory-of-Mind inference is a typical internal mechanism of Anthropomorphism when the projected human likeness includes beliefs, desires, emotions, or understanding.

Many central cases use a human mental-state model to explain a target's behavior, but some anthropomorphic attributions stop at human form, voice, temperament, or social role without a rich model of hidden mental states; the component is therefore typical rather than strict.


The anti-commons forms ON the property-rights substrate: it is a failure mode of a particular rights configuration (exclusion rights fragmented so finely that re-assembling consent is prohibitive). Presupposes property_rights as its medium.


Antifragility is a specialization of stressor-induced adaptation in which the system's response curve to volatility is convex and gains accumulate from stress.

Antifragility specializes stressor-induced adaptation by fixing the response shape: where the parent pattern names the general inverted relationship between short-run difficulty and long-run capacity gain, antifragility specifies a convex response curve to volatility — accelerating upside with bounded downside — so the system positively gains from disorder up to some dose. Where the parent allows linear or merely robust gain from controlled stress, antifragility's particularization requires that the curve's convexity make exposure to variability strictly better than steady conditions.


Applicability Scope typically presupposes Boundary, whose structure must already obtain for the child mechanism to be meaningful or operational.

'A boundary is the inclusion-exclusion edge in the abstract; applicability scope is the boundary-declaration ATTACHED to an artifact and FORWARD-PUBLISHED for its consumers, with a scope-check at the use site.' The boundary is the edge; applicability_scope is the published, checkable envelope around it. Presupposes a boundary. Boundary supplies the prerequisite condition: Defines system limits. Applicability Scope operates against that background: An artifact publishes a bounded region of conditions under which its outputs or guarantees hold, so consumers can detect out-of-scope use before it causes harm. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Approach-avoidance conflict is a specific kind of preference where a single goal carries both positive and negative valence simultaneously.

Approach-avoidance conflict is a specialization of preference. The general pattern is an agent's ordering over a choice set on some evaluative dimension, with a choice set, evaluator, ordering relation, and context. Approach-avoidance instantiates this with a single goal that simultaneously holds positive and negative valence, producing approach and avoidance gradients that are functions of proximity. The ordering relation is internally conflicted: at the crossover point neither dominates, yielding oscillation rather than stable selection. It is preference with the specific structural feature that valences are coupled rather than aligned on a single dimension.


Approach-avoidance conflict is a specialization of trade-offs in which the conflicting valences are bound to a single goal rather than spread across options.

Approach-avoidance conflict is a specialization of trade-offs. Specifically, it instantiates the multidimensional-coupling pattern -- two valued dimensions improving one requires worsening the other -- with the additional structure that both dimensions attach to the same goal: the same choice promises simultaneous reward and cost. Like other trade-offs, it precludes a single-dimensional ranking; approach-avoidance is the intrapersonal subclass where gradient steepness as a function of proximity generates the characteristic oscillation rather than a static frontier.


Approximation is the specific shape representation takes when the medium deliberately differs from the target by a bounded, named error.

Representation is the structured mapping of a target onto a medium that preserves selected features under a stated convention. Approximation is the particular shape this mapping takes when the convention is explicit error-tolerance: a tractable surrogate stands in for the intractable target, and the gap between them is controlled and named — strict bound, asymptotic estimate, or probabilistic guarantee. It is a structurally-particularized instance of representation in which the faithfulness claim is explicitly weakened to a known tolerance the use case can absorb.


Financial arbitrage is a specialization of generalized arbitrage in which the boundary being exploited is between asset markets or contract types.

Financial arbitrage is a specialization of generalized arbitrage in which the boundary across which discrepancies are exploited is between markets, platforms, or contract types for the same or economically equivalent asset, and the discrepancy is a price gap. It inherits the general pattern of systematically exploiting differentials across boundaries to capture value while pushing toward convergence, and specializes by fixing the units to prices, the boundaries to financial venues, and the exploitation to simultaneous purchase-and-sale yielding near-risk-free profit. The corrective action enforces price discovery, the financial analogue of arbitrage's general convergence-pressure effect.


Arbitrage (Generalized) presupposes Equilibrium, whose structure must already obtain for the child mechanism to be meaningful or operational.

Equilibrium supplies the prerequisite condition: Balanced state. Arbitrage (Generalized) operates against that background: Exploiting a discrepancy in price, value, or perception across a boundary that friction keeps from equilibrating, extracting the spread until it closes. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Arbitrariness of symbolic conventions presupposes signifier–signified duality because the arbitrary link binds the two faces of the sign.

Arbitrariness of symbolic conventions presupposes signifier–signified duality because the arbitrariness claim — that no intrinsic property of form determines meaning — is precisely a claim about the relation between signifier and signified faces. Without the two-faced sign structure that duality provides, there would be no relation whose arbitrariness could be asserted. The conventional fixing by community is the binding force that holds the two faces together in the absence of natural motivation.


An Archetype is a kind of invariance: a structural core of a character, role, or pattern preserved across cultures, media, and historical periods.

An archetype is a structural template — character traits, narrative functions, symbolic configurations — that recurs across cultures, periods, and media with a stable core recognizable beneath surface variation. The named feature (the structural core) is preserved under the named family of transformations (cultural, temporal, medial reskinning). That is the defining shape of Invariance. Archetype specializes invariance by fixing the preserved feature as a humanly recognizable template and the transformations as cross-cultural reinstantiation.


An Archetype is a kind of recurrence: the same structural template reappears across cultures, media, and historical periods.

An archetype is identified by its reappearance: the same structural template — hero, trickster, threshold, transformation — turns up across cultures, periods, and representational media with regularities audiences recognize. That repeated reappearance of a stable pattern across instances is the defining content of Recurrence. Archetype specializes recurrence by naming the kind of pattern that recurs (a structural template for character, role, or narrative) and the dimension across which it recurs (cultural and historical instantiation).


Archetype is a specialization of schema that supplies a recurrent narrative or character template instantiable across cultural surfaces.

Archetype is a specialization of schema. Specifically, it instantiates the type-level-representation-with-slot-structure pattern in the cultural-narrative subclass: defining traits, relations, and functions (Hero's journey beats, Trickster's transgression, Mentor's transmission) form the schema's structural core, while particular characters fill the variable roles. Like other schemas, it guides perception, interpretation, and memory of category instances; archetypes are the subclass whose template recurs across cultures and media with sufficient regularity to be recognized rapidly without explicit instruction.


Treating an entity-under-an-aspect as a distinct bearer presupposes rules for sameness, difference, counting, and persistence.

Aspectual Individual claims that a base and the same base under a fixed aspect are distinct countable bearers with different existence conditions. That claim cannot be stated without prior criteria deciding what counts as one entity, when two presentations remain the same base, and what persistence conditions belong to the derived bearer. Criteria of Individuation supplies those rules without collapsing the occupied-aspect bearer into a mere role.


Associative memory presupposes network because content-addressable retrieval through proximity in representational space requires a connection pattern over storage units.

Associative memory stores and retrieves items by content rather than by separate address, with proximity in representational space driving recall. Hopfield made this precise as a network of symmetrically coupled units settling into stored patterns as fixed-point attractors of an energy function. This presupposes network: a set of entities with pairwise connections studied at the level of connection pattern, where structure carries enough explanatory power to predict flows, reachability, and dynamics. Without the coupling pattern among units supplying the attractor landscape, content-addressed retrieval has no mechanism.


Associative memory is a specialization of search and retrieval in which the access key is the stored content itself rather than a separate address.

Associative memory is a specialization of search and retrieval in which storage and lookup are content-addressable: stored items are accessed through cues sharing their representational space, so a partial or noisy cue retrieves the full or linked item. It inherits the general search-and-retrieval commitment of locating relevant items from a larger store under speed and accuracy constraints, and specializes by collapsing the key-versus-address distinction: similarity in the representation space drives recall, with energy-function attractors making nearby cues converge onto stored patterns.


Associativity is a kind of symmetry: the regrouping transformation leaves the result of a binary operation unchanged.

Associativity says that (a o b) o c equals a o (b o c) for all elements, so the result is unchanged under the transformation that regroups the parenthesization. That is the precise algebraic claim of symmetry: invariance under a specified group of transformations, here the regrouping action on operand strings. Associativity specializes symmetry by fixing the operation as a binary combiner and the preserved feature as the value of finite combinations independent of grouping.


Associativity is a specialization of invariance whose preserved feature is the result of an operation under regrouping of operands.

Associativity is a specialization of invariance. Specifically, it names the case in which the family of transformations is the regrouping of operands by parentheses and the preserved feature is the value produced by the binary operation. Like every invariance claim, it commits jointly to a preserved feature and the operations preserving it; associativity is the subclass where the operations are parenthesizations and the algebraic consequence -- unambiguous expressions written without explicit grouping -- underwrites group theory, monoids, semigroups, and the rest of abstract algebra.


Assumption is a specialization of Epistemic Mode Of A Proposition, retaining the parent's defining structure while adding the child's specific commitments.

Epistemic Mode Of A Proposition supplies the genus: The same proposition can be held in different epistemic modes — asserted-fact, assumption, axiom, hypothesis, premise, belief, conjecture — and the mode, independent of the content, gates which operations are licensed on it: you may provisionally rely on an assumption, must test a hypothesis, cannot refute an axiom within its system, must discharge a premise. Assumption preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A proposition treated as true for the purposes of some reasoning without being currently demonstrated within it, forming the load-bearing layer between what is given and what is concluded. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


'the specific adversarial case where the inequality is a per-unit COST RATIO on a non-discriminating channel' — a specialization of bare asymmetry with a saturation threshold and a five-move intervention catalogue. Asymmetry supplies the genus: Directed imbalance in a relation whose two sides are not interchangeable under swap. Asymmetric Attack Defense Cost preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: On a shared channel, the cost ratio between producing harm and producing correction determines whether defense is sustainable by effort or requires structural redesign. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Genus-to-species — asymmetric flux is asymmetry embedded in a TRANSPORT structure, adding the accumulation-under-symmetric-forcing invariant (net transport survives equalised forcing because the boundary, not the force, governs direction). Asymmetry supplies the genus: Directed imbalance in a relation whose two sides are not interchangeable under swap. Asymmetric Flux preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A direction- or channel-selective boundary drives accumulation even under symmetric forcing. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


The selective boundary's residual net transport creates a constitutive Accumulation on the favored side.

Remove the build-up and the pattern reduces to unequal transport coefficients rather than Asymmetric Flux's defining puzzle: a quantity piles up even under apparently symmetric forcing until a sink, saturation, or back-pressure limits it.


Asymmetric Interface Tolerance presupposes Interface, whose structure must already obtain for the child mechanism to be meaningful or operational.

Interface supplies the prerequisite condition: A bounded, rule-governed surface across which two systems exchange information or control while hiding their internals, letting each evolve independently behind a stable contract. Asymmetric Interface Tolerance operates against that background: At any interface, each side's strictness in enforcing the spec is an independent design parameter, and the four combinations produce qualitatively different long-term equilibria. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Names a tunable design parameter that produces asymmetric outcomes across four combinations; it uses/produces asymmetry rather than being a kind of the general relational-imbalance prime. Asymmetry supplies the prerequisite condition: Directed imbalance in a relation whose two sides are not interchangeable under swap. Asymmetric Interface Tolerance operates against that background: At any interface, each side's strictness in enforcing the spec is an independent design parameter, and the four combinations produce qualitatively different long-term equilibria. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


A 'specific, disciplined variant' of screening — a cheap first-pass filter deliberately tuned to forbid one error type and tolerate the other, sized against a downstream-cost budget. Generic accuracy-tuned screening is not this prime. Screening supplies the genus: Inducing self-revelation. Asymmetric Screening preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A cheap, deliberately one-sided-error filter gates an expensive authoritative check. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Asymmetry and symmetry are interdefinable structural complements — each is precisely what the other is not under a stated transformation.

Symmetry and asymmetry are interdefinable complements: symmetry is invariance under a named transformation group (the swap-test passes), while asymmetry is the failure of invariance under the same swap (the swap-test fails). Neither is prior; each is the structural negation of the other relative to a specified operation, and the diagnostic for one is the diagnostic for the other inverted. The framing depends on naming the transformation; once named, the two faces — preserved vs. not preserved — exhaust the possibilities. Asymmetry is defined as follows: Directed imbalance in a relation whose two sides are not interchangeable under swap. Symmetry is defined as follows: Invariance under transformation. Each identity supplies a contrast or condition needed to state the other. Making either endpoint foundationally prior would discard that co-definition, so the relation is mutual and remains outside the acyclic directed topology.


Asymptotic behaviour is 'a special, disciplined kind of approximation' — the limiting move of keeping only the dominant term and classifying by growth class. A specialization of approximation. Approximation supplies the genus: Good-enough representation. Asymptotic Behavior preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: In the limit, only the dominant term matters, so behavior is classified by growth class rather than exact value and small or fast-decaying contributions are discarded. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


It is 'the sharper structural claim' / 'a powerful special case' of scale-dependent reasoning — in the limit behaviour collapses to a small ordered lattice of growth classes. Scaling and Scale Dependence supplies the genus: Patterns and constraints change qualitatively across different scales. Asymptotic Behavior preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: In the limit, only the dominant term matters, so behavior is classified by growth class rather than exact value and small or fast-decaying contributions are discarded. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Attentional capacity presupposes attention because it is the resource-pool measure of attention's selective bandwidth.

Attentional capacity names the finite pool of selective-attention bandwidth a bounded agent can deploy at one moment. It presupposes the prior pattern of attention itself: the selective allocation of a limited cognitive resource that gates which inputs are processed deeply. Without attention as a gating mechanism enforcing scarcity, there is no resource-pool to measure and no characteristic failure modes (interference, slowing, capture) to predict. Attentional capacity quantifies the bound that attention's framing already commits to as absolute.


Attentional_capacity is 'one instance among many' of the substrate-free throughput bound (alongside copper wires, axons, court dockets). channel_capacity is the general parent; attentional_capacity is the cognitive specialization. Add channel_capacity as a parent of attentional_capacity. Channel Capacity supplies the genus: Any information-bearing medium has a hard upper bound on reliable throughput that effort cannot exceed. Attentional Capacity preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Finite pool of selection bandwidth whose exceeded supply degrades processing through interference, slowing, or capture. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Attestation binds identity to evidence via a verifiable tamper-evident mark, which is exactly authentication's evidence-binding structure specialized to non-repudiable marks. Authentication supplies the genus: Binding an asserted identity or origin to admissible evidence through a procedure that yields a verdict, before trust, access, or weight is granted. Attestation preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A verifiable, principal-binding, tamper-evident mark lets a third party confirm who committed to what. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Attractor selection and basin control presupposes equilibrium because the attractors being selected are stable equilibrium states in the system's dynamics.

Attractor selection and basin control directs a system's long-term dynamics toward one of multiple possible stable states by manipulating initial conditions, boundary conditions, or basin geometry. This presupposes equilibrium: the state in which opposing forces balance so no net change occurs along balanced dimensions, with stability defined by Lyapunov-style criteria for whether perturbations decay. The attractors are precisely such stable equilibria, and the basins are the regions of state space whose trajectories converge to them. Without equilibrium's framework of balanced steady states with characterized stability, there is no attractor for control to select toward.


Attractor selection and basin control presupposes state and state transition because shifting which basin a trajectory falls into requires a state space with attractors.

Attractor selection and basin control directs a system's long-term dynamics toward one of multiple stable states by manipulating initial conditions or shifting basin boundaries in state space. The mechanism only makes sense within a state-and-state-transition framework: states are the points in the dynamic landscape, the transition relation defines flows, and attractors are subsets toward which trajectories converge. Without an underlying state space with transition dynamics, there are no basins to reshape and no attractors to select among. The control operation is parasitic on the state-machine structure.


Auction theory presupposes allocation because auctions are mechanisms for assigning scarce items to claimants under a specified rule.

Auction theory presupposes allocation because its subject matter is the assignment of scarce items — licenses, contracts, art, financial instruments — to claimants whose willingness to pay differs and is privately known. Without allocation's prior structure of dividing limited supply among competing demands, there is no problem for an auction format to solve. Auction theory inherits the general allocation problem and supplies a family of rule structures — English, Dutch, sealed-bid, double, combinatorial — that turn bids into assignments, then studies how format choice affects efficiency, revenue, information revelation, and collusion-resistance of the resulting allocation.


Auction theory is a specialization of mechanism design focused on rules that allocate items by extracting and comparing private bids.

Auction theory is a specialization of mechanism design in which the desired outcome is allocation of a small set of items and the rule structure is restricted to bid-based formats that extract private valuations through competitive offers. It inherits mechanism design's general inversion — start with the desired equilibrium, search for rules implementing it under private information and self-interest — and specializes by fixing the implementation class to auctions. The analysis then asks which auction format induces equilibrium bidding strategies that deliver efficiency, revenue, or robustness, treating format as a design variable subject to the general mechanism-design framework.


Prime explicitly self-describes as distinguished from "standard delegation" by the uncertainty condition — a genuine subtype of delegation of authority. Delegation of Authority supplies the genus: Assign responsibility. Authority Delegation Under Uncertainty preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Preposition decision authority at operational levels for contingencies. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Authority handoff is the transition PROTOCOL by which a role's binding authority (plus its operational state) moves between occupants without breaking; it presupposes authority (the thing transferred). Authority is the state, handoff the transition.


Autonomy is a claim about WHERE directive right sits (on the inner side of a scoped boundary); it presupposes authority as the substance whose location it specifies.

autonomy is a claim about WHERE directive right sits (on the inner side of a scoped boundary); it presupposes authority as the substance whose location it specifies.


Autopoiesis is a specific kind of homeostasis where the regulated variable is the system's own component-production network maintaining its identity.

Autopoiesis is a specialization of homeostasis. The general pattern is closed-loop self-regulation holding key variables within bands against disturbances via sensor-comparator-actuator feedback. Autopoiesis instantiates this with the regulated variable being the network of processes that produces the system's own components: the system continuously regenerates the parts that produce the network that produces them. The homeostatic loop is recursive, regulating the existence of the regulator itself rather than a separately-specified variable like temperature or glucose. It is homeostasis directed at the system's own constitutive process rather than a downstream physiological variable.


Autopoiesis presupposes boundary because the self-producing system's identity requires a boundary that distinguishes it from its environment and is itself produced internally.

Autopoiesis is the structural pattern of self-production in which a system continuously produces the components that compose it, with a boundary distinguishing it from its environment that is itself produced and maintained by the same internal processes. This presupposes boundary: the conceptual structure marking demarcation between an entity and what is outside, with the demarcation criterion, permeability, and bounded entity as integrated components. Without boundary's framing of operative inside-outside separation, the autopoietic system has no inside to maintain and no outside against which to distinguish itself, and self-production has nothing to be self about.


Autopoiesis is a specialization of reflexivity in which the system's components produce the very network of processes that produces them.

Autopoiesis is a specialization of reflexivity in which the self-referential loop runs through production rather than observation: the system's components are produced by the network of processes whose persistence requires those components, so identity is constituted by the self-sustaining production loop. It inherits the general reflexivity commitment that a system's operations on itself become inputs that shape its own behavior, and specializes by making the operation component production and the closure the boundary-maintaining cycle that distinguishes the system from its environment.


Axiom is a specialization of Epistemic Mode Of A Proposition, retaining the parent's defining structure while adding the child's specific commitments.

Axiom is another single mode (foundationally-true-within-a-system, do-not-refute-from-within). One value of the mode dimension. Epistemic Mode Of A Proposition supplies the genus: The same proposition can be held in different epistemic modes — asserted-fact, assumption, axiom, hypothesis, premise, belief, conjecture — and the mode, independent of the content, gates which operations are licensed on it: you may provisionally rely on an assumption, must test a hypothesis, cannot refute an axiom within its system, must discharge a premise. Axiom preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A claim a system declines to derive — a load-bearing starting point accepted without proof so that the rest of the structure can be built on top of it. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Backcasting is a specific foresight method that fixes a desired future state and works backward to identify required precursor steps.

Backcasting is a specialization of foresight whose distinctive move is starting from a defined desirable future endpoint and reasoning backward through the precursor conditions, milestones, and choices required to reach it from the present. It inherits foresight's commitment to structured anticipation that turns the future into an object of disciplined inquiry shaping present action, and supplies the specific normative-trajectory component of the methods stack — contrasting with forecasting and scenario exploration by treating the future state as given and the path to it as the inquiry.


Backcasting is the specific shape modal reasoning takes when one fixes a desired future state and works backward through possible paths to the present.

Modal reasoning evaluates claims across a structured space of alternative possibilities, asking what must, might, or would be the case across accessible alternatives. Backcasting is the particular shape this reasoning takes in foresight practice: a desired future state is fixed as an anchor, and the reasoner traces backward through possible trajectories that could reach it, identifying necessary intermediate conditions and decision points. It is a structurally-particularized instance of possibility-space navigation in which the target world is held fixed and the accessibility relation is run in reverse from future to present.


Backpressure is a specific negative-feedback loop whose controlled variable is capacity-headroom and whose effect is to throttle production toward the bottleneck rate — a specialization of feedback (the genus, which also covers positive/non-throttling loops). Feedback supplies the genus: Outputs influence inputs. Backpressure preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A return signal from a downstream stage throttles upstream production to its own capacity, converting a one-way push into a two-way conversation that holds the system at the bottleneck's throughput instead of accumulating hidden queue debt. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Backtracking is a disciplined SEARCH strategy (a navigated decision tree with rollback); a specialization of the general search problem. Search and Retrieval supplies the genus: Locate and extract information. Backtracking preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Extend a partial solution one step at a time and reverse the most recent commitment as soon as a constraint proves it cannot succeed, preserving earlier work. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Bargaining power is an asymmetry specialized to unequal credible exit, delay, and replacement options that shifts attainable terms between actors. Both require a role exchange that does not preserve the operative relation: swapping the actors changes their available alternatives, dependence, and ability to determine the result. Bargaining power fixes the asymmetric quantity to the cost and credibility of nonagreement options and requires that disparity to affect negotiated, posted, or settled terms.


Baseline deviation is an observation placed in a shared frame against a declared reference and read off as a departure — a comparison specialized to (observation vs reference), promoting the departure to a first-class published fact. Presupposes comparison as the underlying place-in-shared-frame operation.


Every Basis is a Set and Membership structure specialized by spanning, independence, and minimality relative to a combining rule.

A Basis is definitionally a generating set whose members are selected from a space and whose identity is determined by binary membership. It inherits collection-as-object and element identity, then adds a combining rule, spanning, independence, and minimality. Ordinary sets need not generate a space or satisfy those constraints, so the parent remains broader.


Batch processing is an operational practice that presupposes and exploits a chosen batch-size parameter; it uses the tradeoff curve rather than being a kind of size. Batch Size supplies the prerequisite condition: The granularity at which a stream of work is grouped, trading setup cost amortised per item against flow, delay, risk, and feedback-lag costs that rise with the group — producing an interior optimum. Batch Processing operates against that background: Collect many discrete work-items so a costly setup is paid once and amortised over the group, trading lower per-item cost for higher per-item latency. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Batch size is a specific structured trade-off — a fixed-per-batch cost that amortizes against a per-item flow cost that rises, with a convex U-shaped total-cost curve (EOQ sqrt law) plus coupling-of-fate and feedback-lag riders. A computable specialization of the generic trade-off schema. Trade-offs supplies the genus: Balancing competing priorities. Batch Size preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: The granularity at which a stream of work is grouped, trading setup cost amortised per item against flow, delay, risk, and feedback-lag costs that rise with the group — producing an interior optimum. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Bayesian cue integration is precision weighting specialized to several partly independent simultaneous cues about one latent quantity, with inverse-variance fusion and a lower-variance combined estimate.

It inherits precision weighting's rule that evidence influence scales with estimated inverse variance, then adds the differentia of parallel, partly independent cues to one latent quantity and the reciprocal-of-summed-precisions variance result. Precision weighting also applies outside that parallel-cue case.


Bayesian Updating is a kind of inductive reasoning: it ampliatively revises beliefs from particular evidence toward broader conclusions.

Bayesian updating revises a prior probability distribution over hypotheses by combining it with the likelihood of new evidence, producing a posterior whose conclusions go beyond what the evidence logically guarantees and retain explicit residual uncertainty. That is the defining structure of Inductive Reasoning — ampliative inference from particular observations to broader generalizations with characteristic uncertainty. Bayesian updating specializes induction by supplying a formal calculus for the credit-and-debit of belief across hypotheses given new data.


Bayesian updating presupposes probability because the prior-times-likelihood-equals-posterior rule operates on probability distributions over hypotheses.

Bayesian updating presupposes probability because the entire mechanism -- prior, likelihood, posterior, evidence -- is defined as probability distributions whose combination follows Bayes' theorem within Kolmogorov's axioms. The graded uncertainty Bayesian inference maintains across hypotheses is a probability assignment over a sample space; the conditioning operation that produces the posterior is probability's conditioning rule. Without probability's apparatus of coherent numerical weights, additivity, and conditioning, there is no prior to update and no posterior to compute; Bayesian updating is probability theory's central inference move. Probability supplies the prerequisite condition: Quantifies uncertainty and likelihoods. Bayesian Updating operates against that background: Update beliefs with evidence. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Bayesian Updating typically presupposes Conditional Probability, whose structure must already obtain for the child mechanism to be meaningful or operational.

Conditional Probability supplies the prerequisite condition: Re-normalize a probability measure to the information context that is taken as given. Bayesian Updating operates against that background: Update beliefs with evidence. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


A beachhead presupposes resources too scarce to dominate the full target at once, making concentration on a narrow winnable foothold necessary.

The strategy begins from resources insufficient for the large target and gains leverage by concentrating them where they can cross a local dominance threshold. If the whole territory can be taken and consolidated at once, the narrow entry, staged consolidation, and converting-adjacency logic are no longer a beachhead response.


Belief Formation is a specialization of Interpretation, retaining the parent's defining structure while adding the child's specific commitments.

Interpretation supplies the genus: Recover meaning from a representational substrate under a framework that makes some readings available and others not. Belief Formation preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Commitment-transition by which an agent comes to hold a proposition as true and act accordingly. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Bijectivity is a Function Mapping specialized by the conjunction of no collisions and no gaps, which yields a unique inverse.

A bijection retains the declared domain, codomain, and single-valued rule of Function Mapping, then requires both injectivity and surjectivity. Most functions fail one or both requirements, so Bijectivity is the strict reversible specialization rather than a synonym for mapping.


Bijectivity contains Injectivity as its no-collision half; removing distinctness preservation leaves a surjection rather than a bijection.

The bijective conjunction requires distinct inputs to land on distinct outputs. Without that invariant, every target may still be reached, but multiple sources can collide and the inverse is not uniquely defined. Injectivity is therefore a strict constituent inside Bijectivity, not a broader object that contains it.


Bijectivity contains Surjectivity as its no-gap half; removing full codomain coverage leaves an injection rather than a bijection.

The bijective conjunction requires every declared target to have a source. Without that invariant, collisions may still be absent, but unused codomain elements prevent a two-sided inverse over the declared collections. Surjectivity is therefore the second strict constituent inside Bijectivity.


The binding problem arises only after a whole's features have been separated into independently processed streams whose original co-occurrence must be recovered.

Binding is the inverse problem created by successful decomposition: features have already been extracted along separate channels, and no one channel retains the information needed to reconstruct which features belonged together. Without that prior separation there is no lost pairing to recover and therefore no binding problem, although binding is not itself a kind of decomposition.


Bioaccumulation presupposes Asymmetry: it requires intake to exceed elimination, a directed imbalance between two coupled rates.

Bioaccumulation is the buildup of a substance in an organism because uptake from the environment exceeds the rates of metabolic clearance and excretion. The phenomenon depends on a directed imbalance between two coupled fluxes — intake and outflow are not interchangeable, and swapping their magnitudes reverses the outcome. That is the structure of Asymmetry: a relation whose two sides are not exchangeable, with one privileged or larger than the other. Bioaccumulation presupposes asymmetry as the kinetic condition that makes net accumulation possible.


Bioaccumulation presupposes flow because it names the net retention that occurs when an inflow of a substance exceeds the organism's outflow capacity.

Bioaccumulation presupposes flow because it describes the structural condition in which a substance enters an organism faster than it is metabolized, excreted, or otherwise eliminated, producing net buildup over time. The very notion of accumulation requires the prior availability of directional transfer of a quantity across the organism's boundary, with rates of entry and exit, conservation, and sinks. Flow supplies that general transport apparatus; bioaccumulation is what happens when inflow systematically outruns outflow in a biological compartment.


Bioaccumulation is a specialization of aggregation in which the items collapsed into a summary are repeated intakes of a substance and the retained feature is total body burden.

Bioaccumulation is a specialization of aggregation in which the items being collapsed into a unified summary are successive intakes of a substance and the retained quantity is the net body burden over time. It inherits the general aggregation commitment that many granular inputs are reduced into a single composite measure that captures chosen features while suppressing item-level detail. Its specialization is that the aggregating function is biological retention: intakes minus elimination accumulate into a single concentration variable whose value carries the toxicologically relevant information.


Progressive concentration of a substance = a stock integrating uptake minus clearance; the biological instance of the stock-flow integral. Add accumulation as a parent; keep aggregation;asymmetry;flow.


Biofouling is a specialization of Accumulation, retaining the parent's defining structure while adding the child's specific commitments.

Accumulation supplies the genus: A stock grows or shrinks as the time-integral of its net inflow minus outflow, so stocks and flows live on different objects and cannot be equated. Biofouling preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Opportunistic matter accumulates at a working interface, charging a cost for occupation, not activity. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


The birthday problem is a specific named consequence of probability — the sqrt(K) saturation of match-any-pair events, driven by quadratic pair-counting. Presupposes the probability machinery it specializes (it is 'one named consequence', not the subject).


Black-box / white-box distinction presupposes abstraction because choosing whether to expose internal mechanism is a purpose-relative decision about retained structure.

The black-box / white-box distinction names the methodological choice between treating a system's internals as unknowable or irrelevant versus specifying them in detail. The choice is constitutively about what structure to retain for a purpose: black-box analysis keeps only input-output behavior; white-box analysis keeps the mechanism. Abstraction supplies the underlying operation — purpose-relative retention of structure, with explicit decisions about what is kept and what is dropped. The black-box/white-box distinction specializes abstraction by naming two canonical retention policies and the methodological tradeoffs between them for prediction, control, and explanation.


Black swan reasoning presupposes foresight because it requires a disciplined anticipatory stance to bound the unbounded space of high-impact surprises.

Black swan reasoning presupposes foresight because identifying high-impact, low-probability events that fall outside standard expectations requires an anticipatory stance that explicitly maps uncertainty and the limits of one's operative models. Without foresight's commitment to structured anticipation of plural futures, weak signals, and the inadequacy of single-point prediction, there is no frame in which the black-swan category is meaningful — it would simply collapse into unforeseen accident. Foresight supplies the disciplined inquiry into tail uncertainty that makes the black-swan concept operationally usable for preparing under fundamental unpredictability.


Black swans are the specific shape uncertainty takes for high-impact events that fall outside prior models and get rationalized only after they occur.

Uncertainty is the structural condition of incomplete or contested knowledge, including deep uncertainty where the space of possibilities is not fully characterized. Black swans are the particular shape this condition takes for events that combine apparent rarity given operative models, outsized impact, and retrospective predictability. They live in the deep-uncertainty band — outside the model's anticipated tail — and become subject to post-hoc rationalization. A structurally-particularized instance of uncertainty whose specific signature is model-misspecification at the tail combined with impact disproportionate to anticipated routine variance.


Blinding is the experiment-design/bias-control specialization (sever the treatment-assignment channel to the evaluator). Selective Information Severance supplies the genus: Deliberately cutting an information channel on a need-to-know basis, so a party cannot act on, be biased by, or leak information it never receives. Blinding preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Deliberately withholding a specific piece of information from a decision-maker so a downstream judgment cannot be contaminated by it — a targeted severance of a bias channel. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Blockage-release dynamics contains growth of a stored upstream load as net inflow exceeds outflow.

Without the time-integrated stock behind the barrier, release magnitude cannot exceed the original flow rate and the defining deferred peak disappears. Accumulation supplies an internal constituent: A stock grows or shrinks as the time-integral of its net inflow minus outflow, so stocks and flows live on different objects and cannot be equated. Blockage Release Dynamics requires that role within this mechanism: A barrier stores accumulating flow until it fails, converting steady load into a single discontinuous release far larger than the original flow. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.


Blockage-release dynamics contains a flow that would otherwise pass continuously through the system.

Without a moving quantity intercepted by the barrier, there is nothing to impound, accumulate, temporally compress, or discharge downstream. Flow supplies an internal constituent: Structured movement of energy, matter, or information. Blockage Release Dynamics requires that role within this mechanism: A barrier stores accumulating flow until it fails, converting steady load into a single discontinuous release far larger than the original flow. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.


Blockage-release dynamics contains a barrier-capacity threshold that separates holding from discontinuous discharge.

Without a critical capacity, overtopping, breach, rupture, or removal does not produce the abrupt state boundary that ends storage and begins release. Threshold supplies an internal constituent: Safe vs harmful levels. Blockage Release Dynamics requires that role within this mechanism: A barrier stores accumulating flow until it fails, converting steady load into a single discontinuous release far larger than the original flow. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.


Blocking presupposes confounding because the technique exists specifically to neutralize known nuisance variables that would otherwise confound the treatment effect.

Blocking partitions experimental units into groups matched on a known nuisance variable, so that comparisons of treatments occur within blocks where that variable is held effectively constant — neutralizing its capacity to confound. Without confounding's machinery — the principle that third variables associated with both treatment and outcome distort the causal estimate — there would be no diagnosis identifying which variables to block on and no rationale for the within-block comparison structure. Confounding supplies the bias mechanism that blocking is specifically engineered to counter.


Blocking is the specific shape experimental design takes when known nuisance variability is absorbed by stratifying units before randomization.

Blocking is the particular form experimental design takes when the investigator already knows the population is heterogeneous along an identifiable nuisance dimension. By partitioning units into matched groups and running each treatment within every block, blocking removes that variability from the error term rather than leaving it as noise, sharpening the causal estimate. The general architecture of principled comparison under randomization is here specialized to handle known systematic heterogeneity through stratified assignment, preserving exchangeability within blocks while controlling between-block variance.


Bloom_and_bust is the POPULATION-LEVEL instance of the arc (explosive growth on an abundant input then self-poisoning crash); overshoot_and_collapse is the general genus. Overshoot and Collapse supplies the genus: An enabling input that is beneficial at low levels crosses an assimilation ceiling and inverts into a self-amplifying degrading load, depleting a secondary resource and locking in a hysteretic worse regime that does not reverse when the input is removed. Bloom And Bust Cycle preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Saturating growth collapses, and the collapse itself becomes a second, often larger, stressor. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Bootstrapping presupposes recursion because each stage must use products of an earlier stage to construct the next stage until the target system can sustain itself.

The minimal seed does not jump directly to the finished system. It produces a capability that is fed back as an input to produce the next capability, repeating the same self-lifting relation across stages. Without recursive reuse of prior-stage output, the process is ordinary initialization from an external scaffold rather than bootstrapping.