'phase separation is a phase transition, but a specific kind' — spontaneous SPATIAL demixing driven by like-with-like interaction asymmetry, with coexisting phases and a real interface. A specialization of the generic phase-transition family. Tipping Points (or Phase Transitions) supplies the genus: Abrupt state change. Phase Separation preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A previously mixed system spontaneously demixes into distinct, spatially segregated regions once like-with-like interactions outweigh mixing above a threshold. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Phenomenalism presupposes interpretation because reducing physical-object talk to sense-experience talk is a specific framework for recovering meaning from sensory signs.

Phenomenalism presupposes interpretation because its central thesis, that statements about physical objects are analyzable into statements about actual and possible sense-experiences, is an interpretive program: a specific framework that recovers the meaning of object-talk from the structured patterns of sensory content. Interpretation supplies the general operation of recovering meaning from a representational substrate under a constraining framework that makes some readings available and others not; phenomenalism is the philosophical reading of object-talk in which the substrate is sensory content and the framework is reductionist.


Phenomenalism reduces object-claims to sense-data, an instance of the general reductionist stance. Reductionism supplies the genus: Explaining a whole entirely in terms of its constituent parts. Phenomenalism preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Reality known through perception. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Phenomenology presupposes interpretation because describing structures of lived experience requires reading meaning from how things appear to a subject.

Phenomenology presupposes interpretation because the disciplined description of experience-as-experienced -- intentionality, horizon, temporal flow, embodiment -- is itself the recovery of meaning from presented appearances under a methodological framework (the epoche, eidetic reduction). Without interpretation's structured movement from a presented medium toward a constrained reading, the phenomenological epoche has no procedure: bracketing the natural attitude requires deciding what counts as the structure of appearance versus the natural-attitude residue. Phenomenology is interpretation turned reflexively on first-person experience.


Pilot-to-scale is the EVALUATION-VALIDITY failure that scaling produces: scale-dependence is often the mechanism (the reactor's surface-to-volume falling as 1/L), and the pilot-mispredicts-scale claim presupposes the system's properties change with size. makes scale-dependence the mechanism behind a given instance. Scaling and Scale Dependence supplies the prerequisite condition: Patterns and constraints change qualitatively across different scales. Pilot To Scale Transition operates against that background: An effect proven in a curated niche need not survive the heterogeneous distribution of scale. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


A pipeline presupposes iteration because work items advance through repeated stage transitions, each consuming the previous stage's output.

A pipeline is a sequence of stages through which work items flow, with each stage accepting outputs from the prior stage and producing inputs for the next. This presupposes iteration: the repeated application of a step with state carried between rounds and progress measured across rounds. Each stage transition is an iteration step where the work item's state advances; the pipeline's throughput depends on the per-stage iteration consuming the previous stage's output. Without iteration's structure of repeated application with state passed forward, staging collapses into a single monolithic operation rather than an ordered flow.


A pipeline presupposes modularity because the discrete separable stages with well-defined interfaces are exactly modular components.

A pipeline divides a workflow into discrete, separable stages, each accepting outputs from the prior stage and producing inputs for the next, enabling overlap and parallelism. This presupposes modularity: decomposition into discrete, largely self-contained components with stable interfaces that define what each provides and what it depends on. Each pipeline stage is a module whose interface to neighbours is the stage's input and output types. Without modularity's commitment to clear boundaries and stable interfaces, stages could not be designed, tested, replaced, or run concurrently in isolation from one another.


A pipeline is a specialization of decomposition that breaks a workflow into ordered stages whose outputs feed the next.

A pipeline is a specialization of decomposition. Specifically, it instantiates the breaking-a-whole-into-recombinable-parts pattern with the additional commitment that the parts are sequenced stages and the recombination is a directed flow: each stage accepts the prior stage's output and produces input for the next. Like other decompositions, it assumes independent analysis of pieces yields the whole; the pipeline subclass enables concurrent processing of different stages on different items, trading staging overhead for throughput gains through overlap.


PK/PD modeling presupposes flow because pharmacokinetic transport of drug across body compartments is structurally a flow of matter through a network.

PK/PD modeling characterizes how drug concentration moves through body compartments — absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion — which is structurally a flow process: a conserved quantity transported through a network along gradients, governed by rate and continuity equations. Without flow's machinery of directional transport with conservation, rate, and channel structure, the compartmental pharmacokinetic representation would have no transport-dynamics framework to deploy. Flow supplies the conserved-quantity transport substrate that pharmacokinetic modeling instantiates for drug molecules in physiological compartments.


PK/PD modeling presupposes dose-response relationship because the pharmacodynamic half of the model is precisely the concentration-to-effect mapping the parent prime names.

PK/PD modeling couples the pharmacokinetic dose-to-concentration mapping with the pharmacodynamic concentration-to-effect mapping, and this second half is structurally the dose-response relationship: how response magnitude depends on input intensity with characteristic potency, efficacy, slope, and ceiling parameters. Without dose-response's machinery — the quantitative mapping from input magnitude to response magnitude with its characteristic shape parameters — PK/PD would have no model of how concentration translates into clinical effect, and the dose-concentration-effect pipeline would terminate at concentration.


PK/PD modeling presupposes therapeutic window because its dose-to-effect pipeline serves the goal of staying within a usable dose range.

PK/PD modeling presupposes therapeutic window because the entire dose-to-concentration-to-effect pipeline it constructs is constructed in order to keep the patient in the operating range where intended effects are achieved without unacceptable toxicity. The window supplies the upper and lower bounds the pipeline must respect; PK/PD supplies the quantitative apparatus for predicting whether a given regimen will hold the time-course of effect-site concentration inside those bounds. Without the prior commitment to a clinically meaningful operating range, the modeling has no design target.


Planning_fallacy is 'optimism bias as it manifests in forecasts of one's own goal-directed tasks' — the directional skew specialized to a specific mechanism (inside-view simulation substituting for the outside-view reference class). A specialization of optimism_bias with extra mechanistic content (feedback-resistance, detail-worsens-it). Optimism Bias supplies the genus: Overestimate positive outcomes. Planning Fallacy preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Forecasters of a novel task default to inside-view simulation over the outside-view reference class, systematically underestimating time, cost, and risk. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


A named systematic directional forecasting error; a bias. Secondary parent (optimism_bias is itself a child of bias). Bias supplies the genus: Systematic, directional error distinct from random noise. Planning Fallacy preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Forecasters of a novel task default to inside-view simulation over the outside-view reference class, systematically underestimating time, cost, and risk. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Platform design presupposes modularity because the stable core and pluggable derivatives architecture is exactly modular decomposition with stable interfaces.

Platform design creates a stable core foundation on which independent derivative applications are built without redesigning the core, with explicit interfaces letting external builders add specialized layers. This architecture is constituted by modularity: discrete components with well-defined boundaries, stable interfaces that decouple platform from applications, and low coupling between core and derivatives. Modularity supplies exactly this decomposition principle. Platform design presupposes it as the structural pattern that makes a stable core with interchangeable derivatives possible at all, so the platform discipline is modularity in a particular configuration.


Standardized interfaces are internal constituents of platform design, exposing stable contracts through which independent extensions connect to the core.

Platform design creates a stable core on which independently developed applications or variants can be built. Interfaces are internal, load-bearing constituents of that design: APIs, connectors, schemas, or protocols specify what the core exposes, what remains hidden, how extensions connect, and which guarantees remain stable. Without explicit interfaces, external systems could not vary independently of the core, and the result would be a monolithic product rather than the extensible platform described by the live definition.


Platform design's core mechanism is a stable-core-plus-extension-surface, explicitly OCP-style. Open-Closed Principle supplies the prerequisite condition: Harden a stable kernel against modification and route all change through an open extension surface. Platform Design operates against that background: Extensible core systems. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Pluralistic Ignorance is the misread-conformity species of Private-Public Preference Divergence in which members mistake others' public compliance for private endorsement.

Private-Public Preference Divergence supplies two distributions over one population, a systematic gap between what members privately hold and what is publicly expressed or inferred, and a loop that sustains the gap. Pluralistic Ignorance inherits that full structure and adds its distinctive mechanism: each member treats others' silence or conformity as sincere conviction, underestimates how many share the private dissent, and therefore continues the public behavior that misleads everyone else.


The Poisson process is 'a particular continuous-time Markov process' whose state is the arrival count, incrementing at constant rate with exponential holding times. A strict special case of the memoryless state-transition genus. Markov Process supplies the genus: Future state depends only on the present, not the full history. Poisson Process preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: The structural skeleton of memoryless, independent arrivals at a constant average rate, serving as both null model and diagnostic coordinate system. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


A specific generative stochastic model; presupposes the random/stochastic frame (it is the null model for 'events with no structure beyond their rate'). Stochasticity vs. Determinism supplies the prerequisite condition: System behavior fully determined by prior state or fundamentally random. Poisson Process operates against that background: The structural skeleton of memoryless, independent arrivals at a constant average rate, serving as both null model and diagnostic coordinate system. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Polyphony is 'a constrained special case' of emergence — the specific arrangement producing a whole-property while PRESERVING the legible independence of the parts (emergence-with-audible-voices, not emergence-by-dissolution). Genus=emergence. Emergence supplies the genus: Complex patterns from simple rules. Polyphony preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Several independent lines coexist on a shared substrate, each retaining its own legible identity, while their interaction generates a coherent whole that none produces alone. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Polysemy presupposes signifier-signified duality because multiple related senses sharing one form requires the two-faced sign structure to host the one-to-many mapping.

Polysemy presupposes signifier-signified duality because the condition of a single form carrying multiple related senses requires the two-faced sign structure in which a signifier is conventionally linked to a signified. Without the duality, there is no signifier to bear multiple sense-attachments and no signified concepts to which it can point. The duality supplies the foundational sign architecture; polysemy is the specific deviation from the simplest one-signifier-one-signified case to one-signifier-many-related-signifieds, where context disambiguates among motivated senses sharing a conceptual core.


A population code recovers a quantity by a decoder that POOLS many noisy tuned elements; it presupposes an aggregation/pooling operation over the population. Aggregation supplies the prerequisite condition: Deliberately collapsing many items into a single summary, choosing which information to discard to gain tractability. Population Coding operates against that background: Information about a quantity is carried by the joint pattern across many individually noisy elements and read out by a decoder, yielding precision and robustness no single element provides. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


A portable context bundle contains the captured definition-time context that travels with and resolves the behavior unit. Context supplies an internal constituent: Surrounding state that selects which content a fixed focal signal carries. Portable Context Bundle requires that role within this mechanism: A behaviour-unit carries the context it was defined in, resolving against its definition-time environment rather than the ambient one at use. Remove the parent-role and the child loses a required internal operation, even though the parent can exist outside the child. The child is therefore built from the parent rather than being a taxonomic kind of it.


Positional Advantage is an Asymmetry specialized to a value-graded position space where exchanging occupants changes the advantage conferred by location.

Both patterns require non-interchangeable positions under a specified swap. Positional Advantage fixes the relata to locations and occupants, the currency of imbalance to leverage, reach, defensibility, or reaction time conferred by location, and the diagnostic to holding occupant resources constant while exchanging positions.


Optionality is the value (open choices), postponement the mechanism that secures it by delaying commitment (reversibility is the other mechanism). Postponement presupposes optionality as the value it buys. Optionality supplies the prerequisite condition: The asymmetric value of having a choice—bounded downside, unbounded upside—without obligation to act. Postponement operates against that background: Delay the point at which a system commits to a final configuration until more information about which configuration is wanted arrives, trading earliness for accuracy. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Potentiation is a specific kind of adaptation where prior exposure modifies the system to respond more strongly to subsequent stimuli.

Potentiation is a specialization of adaptation. The general pattern is a process by which a system changes its internal structure or parameters in response to sustained environmental input, preserving or improving fit to new conditions; the modification alters the system itself rather than being a moment-in-time response. Potentiation instantiates this with the modification being increased responsiveness: prior stimulus exposure sensitizes the system so that a subsequent identical or smaller dose produces a disproportionately larger response. It is adaptation directed toward amplified rather than dampened reactivity to the recurring stimulus class.


Potentiation is a specific kind of state transition where prior exposure shifts the system into a sensitized state with different response dynamics.

Potentiation is a specialization of state and state transition. The general pattern specifies a state space, a transition relation, and the Markov-style commitment that future behaviour depends on current state plus inputs. Potentiation instantiates this with prior stimulus exposure as the trigger that transitions the system from a baseline state into a sensitized state; in the new state, the same input produces a disproportionately larger output. The history-dependence of the response is compressed into the system's current state variable (sensitization level), exactly the state-as-history-compression structure the parent pattern names.


Potentiation presupposes feedback because history-dependent sensitization requires past output to route back and modify the system's response gain.

Potentiation is the structural pattern in which prior exposure causes a system to respond disproportionately to a subsequent stimulus — the system's responsiveness, not the stimulus, has changed. This history-dependence requires that the past response be routed back to alter the parameters governing the next response, closing a loop between output and gain. The feedback structure supplies exactly that: a portion of the output influences subsequent input handling. Without that loop closure, no history-dependent sensitization could persist beyond the initial exposure.


Pragmatic Politeness Strategies are a kind of social norm: face-management conventions group members expect, enforce, and internalize.

Pragmatic Politeness Strategies are the patterned, group-shared expectations about how speakers should manage face threats in interaction, with deviations meeting disapproval and compliance sustained jointly by internalization and external sanction (raised eyebrows, social withdrawal, reputational cost). That is the defining structure of a social norm; politeness strategies specialize it to the domain of conversational face-work, supplying the specific repertoire (bald-on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, off-record, withhold) that the norm prescribes.


Pragmatic politeness strategies presuppose speech act theory because face management operates on the illocutionary force of utterances threatening or supporting hearer-face.

Pragmatic politeness strategies presuppose speech act theory because the face-threatening act framework operates on illocutions -- requests, refusals, criticisms, apologies, declarations -- whose performative force imposes the relational risk that politeness mitigates. Without speech act theory's separation of locution, illocution, and perlocution, there is no FTA to classify and no continuum of indirectness (bald-on-record through off-record) to navigate. The politeness vehicle works by adjusting how illocutionary force is delivered while preserving its perlocutionary aim.


Pragmatics is 'the specific structural account of how SIGNALS acquire meaning beyond their literal content via patterned contextual machinery'; interpretation is the general act of assigning meaning to anything. Pragmatics is the signal-specific species of interpretation. Interpretation supplies the genus: Recover meaning from a representational substrate under a framework that makes some readings available and others not. Pragmatics preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: What a signal means in context is the joint product of its literal content and patterned contextual machinery, not just what the signal literally encodes. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Precedent presupposes analogy because deciding like cases alike requires mapping the structural features of a prior case onto the present one.

Stare decisis treats a prior case's outcome as presumptively binding on the present case when the cases are materially similar, and the work of identifying material similarity is analogical reasoning. Analogy provides the structural-mapping machinery — relational role-alignment between source and target — that lets the court project the rule from the precedent case onto the new fact pattern, and that lets the craft of distinguishing operate. Without analogical mapping, there is no way to determine which prior cases govern, so precedent cannot function without analogy as its inferential engine.


Precedent is the specific shape path dependence takes when prior decisions in a legal system bind or strongly guide present analogous cases.

Precedent is the legal particularization of path dependence: the trajectory of prior decisions constrains present rulings through the binding or strongly-persuasive weight of analogous earlier cases. Where path dependence names the constitutive role of historical sequence in current options generally, precedent fixes the substrate as legal decision-making, the carrier of history as the published body of prior rulings, and the lock-in mechanism as analogical reasoning under stare decisis — a particular shape history takes when accumulated decisions structure subsequent ones.


Precision weighting is aggregation specialized to signals about one target whose influence scales with estimated inverse variance or an equivalent reliability measure.

Precision weighting maps several signals about a shared latent quantity into one estimate or update, thereby inheriting Aggregation's many-to-one collapse. It specializes the aggregation rule by requiring a per-source reliability estimate and influence proportional to precision. Fixed inverse-variance pooling and context-modulated gains are both instances; arbitrary sums, medians, or equal-weight pools are aggregation without this differentia.


Eager materialization exists only as a balance between build, storage, refresh, and staleness costs and cheaper, more predictable use-time access. Without competing build-time and use-time costs there is no timing choice to optimize. The mechanism performs and retains work early; Trade-offs is the general relation among competing priorities.


'a predicate is a one-PLACE relation, a relation is a multi-place predicate.' A (one-place) predicate is the unary special case of a relation; relation is the genus. Relation supplies the genus: Describes associations or dependencies. Predicate preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A testable yes-or-no property of an object, returning a truth value. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Prediction error is baseline deviation specialized to a model-generated predictive reference and an operational signed residual.

Both compare an observation with an explicit reference and make the departure a first-class fact. Prediction Error requires that the reference be generated by an identifiable predictor for this trial or time, retains the residual's direction or structure, and makes it available to update, route through, or diagnose the predictor.


Prediction-error signals are internal messages in the predictive-coding hierarchy, comparing level-specific predictions with incoming activity and routing the residual upward.

Remove the level-specific observed-minus-predicted residuals and the architecture has nothing to propagate upward, nothing with which to update its generative models, and no compact remainder to encode. Prediction Error is an internal constituent; Predictive Coding is the hierarchy that produces, routes, and minimizes it.


Predictive coding presupposes compression because transmitting only the prediction error exploits the predictable signal's redundancy to shorten its representation.

Predictive coding presupposes compression because its central move is to suppress the expected component of an incoming signal and transmit only the residual prediction error: this is exactly the compression strategy of exploiting predictable structure to shorten what must be encoded. Compression supplies the general principle that redundant statistical regularity can be removed without loss; predictive coding instantiates it by making a generative model the source of the predicted regularity, so only the surprising remainder propagates as both message and learning signal.


Predictive coding presupposes feedback because the predict-compare-correct loop routes prediction-error output back to update the generative model.

Predictive coding maintains an internal generative model that predicts incoming signal, compares prediction to actual input, and transmits or acts upon only the residual error — which then updates the model. The construct is constitutively a closed loop: the error output feeds back to update the predictor that generated the prediction. Feedback supplies that loop closure between output and subsequent input. Without a feedback structure routing the residual back to revise the model, there would be no improvement of predictions over time and no closed predict-compare-correct cycle.


Predictive_coding is one encoding scheme (transmit prediction-errors against a shared generative model); encoding_and_decoding is the general content<->code pair of which it is an instance. this explicitly. Add encoding_and_decoding as parent; predictive_coding keeps its compression/feedback parents. Encoding And Decoding supplies the genus: The paired transformation by which content is converted into a transmissible code by an encoder and recovered from it by a decoder, with faithful round-trip conditional on a shared scheme. Predictive Coding preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A system predicts its input and propagates only the prediction error. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Operates against a conformist baseline (the cheaper public stance) under expression-cost asymmetry; but is emphatic it is not conformity (held preference preserved, not adopted). Conformity supplies the prerequisite condition: Aligning one's behaviour or beliefs to a group standard. Preference Falsification operates against that background: Under asymmetric cost on expression, agents voice a cheaper preference than the one they privately hold, so the visible distribution diverges from the held one. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Preference Falsification is a specialization of Private-Public Preference Divergence, retaining the parent's defining structure while adding the child's specific commitments.

Private-Public Preference Divergence supplies the genus: A systematic gap between the distribution of privately-held preferences (or beliefs) in a group and the distribution publicly expressed or inferred, sustained because each member reads others' conformity as conviction and conforms in turn. Preference Falsification preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Under asymmetric cost on expression, agents voice a cheaper preference than the one they privately hold, so the visible distribution diverges from the held one. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Preference heterogeneity and conflict presupposes preference because incompatible wants across agents requires each agent to have a definable preference ordering.

Preference heterogeneity and conflict presupposes preference because the condition of substantively incompatible wants across agents only arises if each agent has a definable ordering over the choice set in the first place. Without preference as the per-agent ordering primitive, there is no individual ranking whose differences across agents could be incompatible, and no Arrow-style social-choice problem of aggregating those rankings. Preference supplies the per-agent ordering; heterogeneity and conflict name the structural condition where those orderings cannot be simultaneously satisfied, creating decision impasses requiring negotiation or aggregation.


Preference heterogeneity and conflict presupposes diversity because the irreconcilable wants it names require substantively varied agents whose ends differ.

Preference heterogeneity and conflict presupposes diversity because the impasse it diagnoses — agents holding incompatible goals that cannot simultaneously be satisfied — requires the prior presence of meaningful, functional variation across the agents in their values, priorities, or stakes. Without diversity's general apparatus of distinct types whose differences have functional consequences, all agents would converge on a single preference and conflict would dissolve. Preference heterogeneity inherits diversity's structure of variation-that-matters and specializes it to the case where the dimension of variation is final ends, and the consequences are decision impasses rather than productive complementarity.


'The preimage RIDES ON a forward mapping but runs its arrow backward... a preimage is only as trustworthy as the forward map is complete.' It is an operation defined ON a function_mapping (reverse the arrow), so it presupposes one. Function (Mapping) supplies the prerequisite condition: Relates inputs to outputs. Preimage operates against that background: The set of all inputs that map to a given output under some mapping. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Premature_optimization is 'refinement done at the wrong time' — a TIMING judgment about the refinement activity (same refinement is correct once structure settles). It presupposes refinement and indicts only its ordering relative to information arrival. Refinement supplies the prerequisite condition: Iteratively improving a candidate solution toward adequacy through repeated cycles of evaluation and adjustment that narrow the gap to a target, rather than deriving the answer in one shot. Premature Optimization operates against that background: Committing local refinement effort before global structure is known pays both search-cost and rigidity-cost without the information to spend either well. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Preparation is 'one configuration within the state machine' — a specialization of state_and_state_transition (holding the system in a primed intermediate state nearer threshold). State and State Transition supplies the genus: Captures system condition and evolution. Preparation preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Holding a system in a primed state nearer its activation threshold, paying a standing cost for a faster or larger response on trigger. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


The conditioning action must take effect before the focal action and after any prerequisites, making precedence and ordering constitutive. The framing can be removed while the parent roles remain, so the edge records portable structural cargo rather than taxonomic identity.


Lead-time, state duration, phase alignment, and reversion determine whether the focal action encounters the conditioned field. The framing can be removed while the parent roles remain, so the edge records portable structural cargo rather than taxonomic identity.


The focal action relies on the intermediate condition supplied upstream, with a specifiable failure or cost increase when it is absent. The framing can be removed while the parent roles remain, so the edge records portable structural cargo rather than taxonomic identity.


Presentational–Semantic Mismatch is the species in which one presentation carries a task-relevant relation that a parallel explicit semantic representation omits. Representational Structure Mismatch supplies the genus: A representation preserves its target's elements but misstates one or more task-relevant relations among them, so content can appear complete while its shape licenses the wrong traversal, inference, or action. Presentational–Semantic Mismatch preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A presentation carries distinctions that the underlying machine-consumable representation does not encode, so a consumer restricted to the semantic model receives a silently impoverished or different structure even though the rendered artifact looks complete. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Presentism is a specialization of anachronism in which the temporally misplaced element is the interpreter's own present-day values and concepts.

Presentism is a specialization of anachronism in which the element placed in a time where it does not belong is specifically the interpreter's present-day values, concepts, and expectations, imported uncritically into the interpretation of past actors and events. It inherits anachronism's general structure of period-violation, where an item bound to one period appears in another, and specializes by fixing the direction (present-into-past), the carrier (the interpreter rather than a depicted object), and the consequence (systematic over-crediting of those who anticipated present views and under-crediting of those whose views reflected their own time's norms).


Presupposition Smuggling usually exploits a Common Ground system whose accommodation norm treats background propositions as mutually accepted.

The child presents a contested, sender-favoring premise as though grounding and mutual recognition had already occurred, exploiting the abbreviation and accommodation budget of a shared substrate. Prompt-context and formal-document analogues can bind engagement to payload without literal iterated agent recognition, so the dependency is typical rather than strict.


Price discrimination presupposes the price mechanism because it depends on the prior existence of prices as the medium through which value is captured.

Price discrimination presupposes the price mechanism because its structure — charging different prices to different buyer segments for the same good — operates on top of the prior apparatus of prices as the medium through which exchanges occur and surplus is allocated between buyer and seller. Without the price mechanism's prior structure of buyer willingness-to-pay meeting seller offer, there is no scalar dimension along which to discriminate. Price discrimination inherits this machinery and adds the further commitments that the seller has market power, can identify segments by willingness-to-pay, and can prevent arbitrage between low- and high-priced buyers.


Price elasticity is the specific shape marginal analysis takes when applied to the responsiveness of quantity to price changes.

Marginal analysis is the systematic deployment of incremental reasoning — evaluating decisions by comparing the marginal change in costs and benefits along one axis. Price elasticity is the particular shape this technique takes when the small change is in price and the marginal response is in quantity demanded or supplied. The dimensionless ratio (dQ/Q)/(dP/P) is the proportional marginal-response measure that scales the marginal-analysis derivative into a unit-free elasticity. It is a structurally-particularized instance of incremental reasoning specialized to price-quantity sensitivity.


Price_elasticity is 'the economic SPECIAL CASE — fractional quantity response to fractional price'; elasticity is the substrate-neutral ratio of ANY fractional response to any fractional stimulus (stress/strain, dose/effect, CO2/temperature), of which price_elasticity is one instance. elasticity is the general parent. Elasticity supplies the genus: The unit-free ratio of a fractional response to a fractional stimulus. Price Elasticity preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Sensitivity to price changes. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


The price mechanism presupposes exchange because emergent prices arise only from the aggregate interaction of conditional transfers between buyers and sellers.

The price mechanism presupposes exchange because the scalar price signal emerges from the aggregate interaction of buyers' and sellers' willingness to make conditional transfers. Without exchange's bilateral-transfer structure, there is no demand-supply interaction to compress into a price, and no opportunity-cost comparison for participants to make. Exchange supplies the substrate of conditional movements that, in aggregate across many participants, produces the decentralized scalar that then self-coordinates allocation. The invisible hand operates on exchange relations; price is what those relations summarize.


The price mechanism is the specific shape allocation takes when assignments to claimants are coordinated by market prices summarizing decentralized information.

The price mechanism is the specific shape allocation takes when the assignment of scarce resources to competing uses is coordinated by market prices that emerge from buyer demand and seller supply. It is a structurally-particularized instance of dividing limited supply among claimants, with the added commitment that the assignment is not directed by a central planner but produced by countless local decisions responding to a scalar signal — the price — that compresses dispersed information about scarcity, preferences, and costs. Allocation emerges as the aggregate of self-interested choices coordinated through that signal.


The worst-case ratio of selfish-equilibrium cost to the central-planner SOCIAL OPTIMUM presupposes a welfare/efficiency benchmark (the optimum it measures the gap against). Pareto Efficiency supplies the prerequisite condition: Optimal allocation. Price of Anarchy operates against that background: The worst-case ratio between the aggregate cost of selfish equilibrium play and the cost under centralized optimal coordination. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Primary-vs-secondary sources is the specific shape classification takes when evidence is sorted by causal and temporal proximity to the phenomenon studied.

Primary-vs-secondary sources is the specific shape classification takes when the entities being sorted are evidentiary materials and the criterion is causal-temporal proximity to the phenomenon under study: primary materials are produced by or in direct contact with the phenomenon at its time of occurrence, secondary materials interpret or synthesize primary materials afterward. It is a structurally-particularized instance of assigning items to discrete categories by explicit criteria, with the added commitment that the classification governs argumentative use — primary materials supply evidence, secondary materials supply interpretation — and that boundary cases require source-criticism.


Priming presupposes attention because the prime's facilitating effect runs through which representations attention transiently activates and gates downstream.

Priming presupposes attention because the spreading-activation mechanism that makes a prior stimulus facilitate processing of related ones operates on the selective allocation of cognitive resource. The prime transiently raises activation of related representations, biasing what attention selects and processes deeply downstream. Without attention's gating function -- limited resource directed at some items at the expense of others -- there is no foreground for the prime's activation residue to bias. Priming exploits and depends on the same selection bottleneck attention names.


Access_control is 'the mechanism' (the table/policy/gate); least_privilege is 'a normative rule about how to CONFIGURE that mechanism: grant the minimum'. It presupposes the access-control machinery and prescribes its setting. Access Control supplies the prerequisite condition: Restrict system access. Principle of Least Privilege operates against that background: Granting each component only the minimum authority its function requires bounds the blast radius of its compromise or error. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Least_privilege is the security specialization (sever every channel a component does not need; blast-radius limitation). Selective Information Severance supplies the genus: Deliberately cutting an information channel on a need-to-know basis, so a party cannot act on, be biased by, or leak information it never receives. Principle of Least Privilege preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Granting each component only the minimum authority its function requires bounds the blast radius of its compromise or error. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Prioritization is a kind of preference: it expresses an evaluator's ordering over competing claims and acts on that ordering.

Prioritization actively orders competing claims on finite resources by some criterion of value, urgency, dependency, or feasibility and commits to honoring that ranking. The ranking step is exactly an instance of preference: an evaluator imposes an ordering relation over a choice set on some evaluative dimension. Prioritization specializes preference by binding the ranking to scarce resources and to a downstream commitment about which item is served first, turning a disposition into an enforceable sequence.


Prioritization is a kind of optimization: it selects an execution sequence that maximizes value under resource constraints.

Prioritization searches for an ordering of items that, when executed against finite resources, maximizes a chosen objective such as value delivered, urgency satisfied, or dependencies cleared. That is the optimization triplet: decision variable (the ordering), objective (the chosen value criterion), and constraints (resource and dependency limits). Prioritization specializes optimization to the case where the decision variable is an execution sequence and the constraints are scarce attention, time, or capital.


Prioritization presupposes allocation because ordering competing claims is only meaningful when a finite resource must be assigned among them.

Prioritization actively orders competing claims on finite resources by some criterion of value, urgency, or dependency, producing a sequence that maximizes a chosen objective. The ordering is meaningful only when the resource is scarce and multiple demands compete for it — exactly the allocation problem of assigning limited supply across competing claimants. Allocation supplies the bare assignment structure; prioritization is allocation refined by an explicit ranking rule. Without the underlying scarcity-driven assignment problem, prioritization has nothing to rank and no resource to route by its ordering.


Probability is a specialization of Measure, retaining the parent's defining structure while adding the child's specific commitments.

Measure supplies the genus: An additive rule that assigns non-negative size to subsets of a space. Probability preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Quantifies uncertainty and likelihoods. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


A problem frame must encode selected units, relations, boundaries, and criteria in a representation that can be inspected and revised. The parent can occur independently, but without it the child’s mechanism is undefined, establishing prerequisite dependence.


An explicit inclusion/exclusion boundary is an internal constituent of every problem frame rather than a background assumption. Removing the constituent makes the child incomplete although the constituent can occur independently.


Problem_representation is a specialization of the canonical representation prime, specifically the choice of encoding FOR a problem (state space, operators, cost, goal).

problem_representation is a specialization of the canonical representation prime, specifically the choice of encoding FOR a problem (state space, operators, cost, goal). The dossier notes it sits between representation (genus) and problem_space (child).


A problem space is a specialization of representation in which the represented target is a problem-solving task and the medium is a state-and-operator structure.

A problem space is a kind of representation specialized to problem-solving tasks: the agent imposes a structured mapping from the task onto a formal medium comprising initial state, goal state, operators, and intermediate-state lattice. It inherits representation's commitment to structured mapping from a target onto a medium under a stated convention preserving selected target features, and supplies the specific case where the target is a problem-solving task whose structure does not come intrinsically given but is imposed through the agent's chosen representation, with different problem-space encodings producing different search dynamics.


Problem Space is State and State Transition framed as a problem-solving representation with initial states, goals, operators, and search.

A problem space represents a task through an initial state, goal states, intermediate states, and operators that determine which transitions are possible. Removing the cognitive-agent, problem-solving, representation, and search framing leaves the portable state-transition skeleton: a state space, an initial condition, a transition relation, and reachable successor states. Problem Space is that structural machinery applied to making a task searchable and its possible solution paths explicit.


A Problem Space presupposes the upstream encoding choice that fixes its states, operators, costs, goals, and reachable region.

Problem Representation is the act or choice of encoding; Problem Space is the formal state-and-operator representation that choice induces. A searchable space is not a kind of encoding act, but without the choice no state variables, operators, costs, goals, or reachable region are fixed. The space therefore remains a strict species of Representation while depending on the Problem Representation that determines which particular space exists.


Procedural fairness (due process) is a specialization of fairness that locates the impartiality standard in the decision-making procedure rather than its outcomes.

Procedural fairness is a specialization of fairness. Specifically, it instantiates the impartiality-or-principled-differentiation standard fairness names by attaching it to the procedure -- notice, opportunity to be heard, impartial decision-maker, reasoned justification -- rather than to outcome distributions. Like other fairness criteria, it satisfies a defensible standard of equal regard; due process is the subclass where consistency, voice, and bias-absence in process drive legitimacy and compliance independent of outcome favorability, distinguishing it from substantive fairness criteria over allocations.


Procedure-work mismatch (work-as-imagined vs work-as-done) is the official-vs-actual divergence specialized to a prescriptive work artefact and its enacted practice, with the gap often load-bearing. is-a the formal/informal-structures distinction applied to procedures. Clean fit.


Processing fluency is a specific kind of bias where the ease of cognitive processing systematically displaces evaluative judgments.

Processing fluency is a specialization of bias. The general pattern is a systematic, sign-bearing displacement of a process's outputs away from a true or intended value that survives the infinite-sample limit. Processing fluency instantiates this with the process being evaluative judgment and the displacement being misattribution: stimuli that are easy to process are systematically rated higher on familiarity, quality, and truthfulness independently of content. The bias has a consistent sign (fluency raises evaluations, disfluency lowers them) and persists across repeated judgments, satisfying the structural definition of a bias source.


Processing fluency presupposes the heuristic pattern because ease-of-processing is itself a fast cue substituted for slower analytical judgment.

Processing fluency presupposes the heuristic pattern because it functions as a metacognitive shortcut: subjective ease is misattributed to stimulus properties (familiarity, truth, quality), substituting a fast subjective signal for slower content-evaluation. Without the heuristic framing -- a simplified rule that trades accuracy for speed and yields good-enough judgments under ecological fit -- fluency effects would be mere measurement artifacts rather than a systematic decision principle. The ease-as-cue mechanism is the heuristic rule whose costs and benefits fluency research charts. Heuristic supplies the prerequisite condition: Mental shortcuts. Processing Fluency operates against that background: Cognitive ease with stimulus influences judgment independent of content. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


A production signature is the evidence species in which an observable output trace bears defeasibly on the hypothesis that a particular process made it.

It inherits the hidden state, trace-producing mechanism, observable trace, inference rule, dependence-sensitive aggregation, and defeaters. It narrows the hypothesis to source identity and the trace to involuntary, stable, cross-output regularities surviving content normalization.


Source attribution depends on signature features surviving changes of content, occasion, and output instance while non-signature features vary.

The producer configuration supplies the preserved property; content changes and repeated productions supply transformations; normalization supplies the test; and signature collapse occurs when the trace no longer survives those transformations or ceases to discriminate producers.


Reading a production signature requires extracting residual features, matching them to stored source profiles, and crossing a source-attribution threshold.

The artifact does not name its producer. A recognizer must encode it, extract diagnostic features, compare them with candidate templates, and issue a classification. The physical imprint supplies the pattern; Pattern Recognition supplies the procedure by which it becomes source attribution.


Progressive_disclosure is 'the specific, receiver-facing SPECIES of layering' defined by three added constraints (per-layer sufficiency, minimum-sufficient visible layer, a visible affordance down) generic layering lacks. Genus=layering. Layering supplies the genus: Segments systems into levels. Progressive Disclosure preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Reveal information or options in stages calibrated to the receiver's current need-to-know, each stage sufficient to act on, with deeper layers reachable on demand behind a visible affordance. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Progressive refinement from core model presupposes iteration because successive correction terms are added round by round until accuracy targets are met.

Progressive refinement from a core model writes the full phenomenon as baseline plus correction, with refinements added systematically in increasing orders of a small parameter until the required accuracy is reached. This presupposes iteration: the repeated application of a step with state carried between rounds, a progress measure, and a stopping condition. Each correction order is an iteration step that consumes the prior approximation and produces the next; the self-diagnostic check that higher-order terms remain small is the progress measure that licenses continued iteration or signals that the baseline must be reconsidered.


Progressive refinement from core model presupposes abstraction because identifying a simpler solvable baseline requires purpose-relative retention of the dominant structure.

Progressive refinement from a core model starts by identifying a simpler, solvable baseline that captures the dominant structure of a complex phenomenon. This presupposes abstraction: the purpose-relative retention of load-bearing structure, selecting what matters for the reasoning at hand while discarding what does not. The baseline is precisely such an abstraction, judged to retain the structure that controls leading-order behaviour while the corrections account for what was dropped. Without abstraction's judged-retention move, there is no principled baseline against which the small-parameter expansion can be organized.


Progressive refinement from a core model presupposes approximation because each successive correction is a controlled error term added to a tractable baseline.

Progressive refinement from a core model presupposes approximation because its baseline-plus-correction structure requires that the baseline serves as a tractable surrogate for the full phenomenon with a named small-parameter error, and that each higher-order correction is controlled in size relative to what it corrects. Without approximation's discipline -- a controlled and bounded error in known units -- the refinement series has no convergence diagnostic and no stopping rule. The self-diagnostic ('higher-order terms must stay small') is the approximation tolerance check applied recursively. Approximation supplies the prerequisite condition: Good-enough representation. Progressive Refinement from Core Model operates against that background: Incremental refinement. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


'Projection is the precise, geometric, idempotent SPECIAL CASE within the broader family of reductions that abstraction names.' Projection drops the dimensions perpendicular to a chosen target (vs abstraction's free-form essence-extraction). Abstraction supplies the genus: Focus on core elements. Projection preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Map a richer object onto a lower-dimensional target along a chosen direction, discarding the rest. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Proof by contradiction is the deductive strategy that assumes a target's negation, derives impossibility, and discharges that temporary assumption.

Deductive reasoning supplies truth-preserving consequence from premises. Proof by contradiction is its strict specialization that adds a temporary negated target, derives an impossibility from the augmented premise set, and concludes the target by discharging that assumption. Every proof by contradiction is deductive, while direct and constructive deductions need not use the indirect contradiction sequence.


Proof by contradiction contains a derived contradiction as the discharge condition that makes rejecting the temporary negated assumption valid.

Remove the jointly incompatible consequences and the temporary assumption has not been shown impossible, so the indirect proof cannot close. Contradiction supplies the empty-model witness; proof by contradiction adds the controlled assumption, derivation, and discharge sequence.


Property rights are the specific shape boundary takes when the demarcated entity is a resource and the criterion is enforceable excludability with bundled entitlements.

Property rights are the specific shape boundary takes when what is demarcated is a resource and the demarcation criterion is enforceable exclusion of non-holders by a defined holder. The four boundary components map directly: the bounded entity is the resource, the demarcation criterion is the legal-enforcement rule, permeability is the bundle of entitlements (use, capture, exclude, transfer) governing crossings, and accountability follows from holder identification. Property rights are jurisdictional boundaries around resources, structured as separable entitlement bundles backed by enforcement.


Proportion and scale is the specific shape scale takes when relative sizes among elements within a work are the operative concern.

Proportion and scale is the specific shape scale takes when the band of interest is the relative sizing among elements within a single composition or work, rather than the level of aggregation at which a system is described. It is a structurally-particularized instance of treating scale as a first-class object, with the added commitment that the relevant quantity is ratio — golden ratio, perceptual relative size, dimensional relationship to the viewer — and that the aesthetic and functional payoff is governed by how parts relate to each other and to the whole rather than by absolute dimensions.


Removing the art-and-design frame leaves the ordered ratio relation among relative dimensions and their reference quantity.

Proportion and scale adds compositions, visual harmony, viewer-relative sizing, and aesthetic or functional judgment to the portable ratio relation; common rescaling preserves the underlying quotient.


Proportionality presupposes normativity because it specifies a standard of correctness — fit between response and triggering cause — for evaluating actions.

Proportionality presupposes normativity because it is constituted as an ought-side standard: actions, sanctions, or restrictions are required to be calibrated in scale to the wrong, threat, or interest they address, and deviations from that fit are subject to criticism. Without the prior structure of evaluation against a standard, the claim that a response is too harsh or too lenient has no purchase. Proportionality inherits normativity's general machinery of correctness-claims and specializes it by making the standard a comparative one: the response must match the triggering cause in magnitude or weight.


Proportionality is the specific shape commensurability takes when comparing the magnitude of a response to the magnitude of its triggering cause.

Proportionality is the specific shape commensurability takes when the dimensions being placed on a common scale are a triggering cause and a response — a wrong and its sanction, a threat and a restriction, a contribution and a reward. It is a structurally-particularized instance of bringing heterogeneous quantities into a common metric, with the added commitment that the comparison yields a fitness verdict: the response is appropriate when its measured magnitude tracks the cause's measured magnitude, excessive when it overshoots, insufficient when it undershoots. Without commensurability's prior reduction to comparable units, the proportionality judgment has nothing to weigh.


Prospective memory is associative memory specialized to retrieving an encoded future intention when its event or time cue is encountered.

Both store content so a matching cue can retrieve it without a separate explicit address. Prospective memory fixes the stored content to an intended future action, the cue to an event or time condition, and successful retrieval to execution or routing of that action.


Prototype_theory is 'a specific model of category structure — center-with-gradient' standing against the definitional (necessary-and-sufficient) model; classification is the broad activity of sorting by any rule. The two great models of what a category is; prototype_theory is one species of classification. Classification supplies the genus: Sorting entities into discrete categories by explicit rules, turning unbounded variation into a finite, reusable map for downstream reasoning and action. Prototype Theory preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Categories are organized around their best examples rather than by necessary-and-sufficient definitions, modeling kinds as centers with gradients rather than boxes with edges. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Prototype membership is constituted by measuring a candidate's likeness to a privileged exemplar under weighted relevant features.

Remove the candidate-to-prototype degree of likeness and the center-with-gradient membership rule becomes unavailable: a privileged exemplar remains, but there is no structure that places members nearer or farther from it. Similarity Measure is therefore an internal constituent, not merely a common implementation.


Provenance presupposes traceability because the documented chain of origin and custody requires the underlying infrastructure that links elements to their history.

Provenance presupposes traceability because the documented record of an entity's origin, custody transfers, and transformations is the content claim that traceability's infrastructure makes verifiable. Without traceability's backward-and-forward linkage capability — the navigable chain from any element to its derivation history — provenance assertions would be unsupported claims about origin with no way to audit them. Traceability supplies the infrastructure; provenance supplies the specific content of authentic-origin claims that traceability's chain makes inspectable and assignable for credit, blame, or verification.


Provenance contains Attestations when point-in-time principal-and-artifact bindings secure links in its multi-step history.

An explicitly attested provenance chain uses each mark as an internal link binding a principal to a particular artifact state against a trust anchor. Documentary, observational, and reconstructed histories can still be provenance without formal or cryptographic attestation, so the relation is conditional.


Custody-Transfer records are internal links in Provenance when the tracked entity passes between successive holders.

When custody changes, provenance internally represents each transfer event as a link connecting outgoing and incoming holders, the object, triggering act, and transferred duties. Provenance can remain complete for an entity that never changes custodian, so the relation is conditional.


Provenance laundering presupposes Provenance because the process is defined by making an item's origin and successive custody transfers harder to reconstruct.

Laundering operates on the relation between a present item and its origin through a custody or publication chain. Without a provenance claim to obscure, sever, or replace with a cleaner-looking chain, there is no laundering operation—only ordinary transfer.


Proxy-Target Divergence is a specialization of Proxy–Target Fidelity, retaining the parent's defining structure while adding the child's specific commitments.

Proxy–Target Fidelity supplies the genus: How faithfully an observable proxy tracks the unobservable target it stands in for — the degree to which acting on, optimizing, or inferring from the proxy is acting on the target itself. Proxy-Target Divergence preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: An apparatus calibrated against a proxy keeps operating on it after the proxy-target relationship has silently decoupled. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Proxy-target fidelity presupposes a representation relation in which an observable stand-in is designated to carry selected information about a distinct latent target.

Fidelity has no referent until a proxy is appointed to represent a target for some use. The live node then evaluates how well that standing-in relation holds across regimes and under optimization. Representation is the prerequisite mapping claim; proxy fidelity is its use-relative graded adequacy and substitution risk, not the mapping artifact itself.


Pruning is selection specialized to a previously over-generated component set whose under-used members are removed after use reveals which subset should persist.

Selection supplies an eligible population, a use- or fitness-dependent basis, differential retention, and a changed survivor composition. Pruning inherits that structure and adds a specific temporal and mereological differentia: the candidates are surplus components of an already built system, the surplus was generated because the useful subset was not knowable in advance, and the non-selected components are removed to leave a leaner configuration.


Psychological safety presupposes trust because it is the team-level condition in which members can be vulnerable in interpersonal risk-taking without fear.

Psychological safety presupposes trust because its core claim — that team members can speak up, admit error, and disagree without fear of ridicule or retaliation — requires trust's prior structure of confident reliance under vulnerability. Without the willingness to be vulnerable to others based on positive expectations of their ability, benevolence, and integrity, the interpersonal risk-taking psychological safety names is unavailable. Psychological safety inherits trust's vulnerability-under-incomplete-monitoring structure and specializes it to the team setting, where the shared belief that good-faith voice will be received without reprisal scales individual trust into a climate-level resource.


Public Goods typically generate the Free Riding incentive that turns non-excludable benefit into under-contribution and under-provision.

Potential beneficiaries receive the non-rival benefit whether or not they pay, so withholding contribution is privately attractive while universal withholding defeats provision. Institutions can suppress the behavior without changing the defining non-excludability and non-rivalry.


Public vs. private contexts is the specific shape observability takes when behavior's audience-visibility status systematically alters action.

Public vs. private contexts is the structurally-particularized form observability takes in the social-behavioral case: when an actor's choices are externally observable, internal preferences are inferable through the action; when private, the same preferences may produce divergent action. It inherits observability's commitment to the inferability of internal state from external outputs, particularized to the case where the actor anticipates the observer's inference and adjusts behavior accordingly, producing the systematic public–private behavioral gap Kuran formalized.


Pub-sub routes through a named intermediary TOPIC/broker rather than to a recipient — 'the topic itself becomes an object,' a reified intermediary reference. It presupposes indirection (introducing an intermediary reference that decouples endpoints).


The threshold-breach burst is a tipping-point crossing; punctuated_equilibrium presupposes it as one constituent and adds the loading-phase, recurrence, and heavy-tailed increment distribution. 'the tipping point is one ingredient of the pattern, not the pattern.'. Tipping Points (or Phase Transitions) supplies the prerequisite condition: Abrupt state change. Punctuated Equilibrium operates against that background: Change runs bimodal in tempo: long intervals of near-stasis that load latent constraint, interrupted by short bursts of correlated structural reorganization. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Purity and pollution presupposes contagion because pollution is treated as transmissible by contact, spreading the categorical taint through networks.

Purity and pollution presupposes contagion because the structural claim that pollution is removable only through cleansing rests on a prior commitment that pollution propagates contact-to-contact through a social network. It inherits contagion's pattern in which a state spreads from an affected element to a connected one and reproduces in each new host, particularized to symbolic-categorical taint rather than infection or behavior. Without contagion's transmission-by-contact structure, the binary classificatory defilement could not spread to threaten boundary integrity.


Purity and pollution presupposes symbolic boundaries because the pure-polluting partition is a particular classificatory operation defending cultural categories.

Purity and pollution sorts things into pure and polluting, treating pollution as contagious matter-out-of-place that defiles classificatory order and requires ritual cleansing. This is a particular case of symbolic boundaries: conceptual distinctions actors deploy to categorize the social field with substantial consequences. Symbolic boundaries supply the underlying classificatory operation that sorts the world into kinds. Purity and pollution specialize this by adding the contagion logic and the ritual-purification mechanism, defending the integrity of the categorial scheme against transgression. Without symbolic boundaries as substrate, there would be no classifications for pollution to threaten.


Quality control is a specialization of verification in which the conformance check operates as a release gate against manufacturing-style tolerance specs.

Quality control is a kind of verification specialized to the production-to-customer interface: the object being checked is each unit of output, the specification is the defined tolerance, and the procedure is the inspection or sampling test that triggers rejection or rework when items deviate. It inherits verification's commitment to checking conformance against a stated criterion via an evidence-producing procedure yielding accept/reject verdicts, and supplies the specific feedback-gate function that binds process variation to defined limits before release, distinct from the prevention and improvement layers around it.


Quality control is a measure-compare-act feedback gate binding process variation to defined tolerances. Feedback supplies the prerequisite condition: Outputs influence inputs. Quality Control operates against that background: Checking output against a specification before release and rejecting or reworking non-conforming items, binding process variation to defined tolerances through a measure-compare-act feedback gate. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Quantifier presupposes Predicate, whose structure must already obtain for the child mechanism to be meaningful or operational.

Predicate supplies the prerequisite condition: A testable yes-or-no property of an object, returning a truth value. Quantifier operates against that background: Specifies the scope of a claim over a domain — all, some, none, most, or exactly N. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


In kinetic-trapping branches, Quenching contains a locally persistent but globally nonpreferred captured state isolated by a mobility or activation barrier.

The state is an output constituent rather than a genus of the quench operation. The qualifier excludes immutable copies and policy codification whose persistence is imposed externally rather than earned by basin-and-barrier geometry.


Quenching is defined by a race in which mobility suppression must outrun the system's relaxation, producing frozen, equilibrated, or mixed regimes by rate ratio.

A fast transition in name alone is insufficient. Onset, duration, relaxation time, phase alignment, and the constraint-to-exploration ratio determine whether an in-flight state is actually captured and how much frustration is frozen in.


Queueing is a kind of allocation that distributes finite service capacity across arriving demands by determining who waits and for how long.

Queueing is a specialization of allocation: it assigns a limited supply (server time at a finite-capacity resource) across competing claimants (arriving jobs, requests, customers) under a feasibility constraint (one job at a time per server) guided by a discipline (FIFO, priority, LIFO). It inherits allocation's structural commitment — finite stuff flowing to multiple sinks — and particularizes it to the temporal case where the assignment is by wait order rather than instantaneous division, with arrival and service processes setting the dynamics.


Queueing presupposes flow because waiting only arises when an inflow of work items meets a service capacity that constrains throughput.

Queueing presupposes flow because its structural setting is a directional transfer of items from arrival to service to departure, with rates, conservation, and channel constraints all native to flow. Without the prior availability of flow as a continuous directional transfer through a system with defined source, channel, and sink, there is no inflow-and-outflow geometry against which finite service capacity can create accumulation. Little's law and the rest of queueing theory presuppose the flow conservation that ties arrival rate to throughput and time-in-system.


Race Condition presupposes Concurrency, whose structure must already obtain for the child mechanism to be meaningful or operational.

Concurrency supplies the prerequisite condition: Manage simultaneous processes. Race Condition operates against that background: The outcome of a system depends on the uncontrolled relative timing of concurrent actions on shared state, so the order effects land — not the actions — determines the result. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


A Race to the Bottom is the strict species of Competition in which relative advantage is gained by lowering a shared ordered dimension and thereby inducing reciprocal undercutting.

Competition supplies rival actors pursuing negatively coupled advantage over a scarce prize. Race to the Bottom adds a commonly ordered dimension, unilateral gain from moving downward on it, mobility of the prize toward the undercutter, response pressure on rivals, and convergence toward a lower bound that may dissipate joint value. Many competitions instead reward improvement, endurance, differentiation, or upward performance, so the specialization is strict.


2A: random walk is a stochastic process (not always Markovian). Stochastic Process supplies the genus: A quantity indexed (usually by time) whose evolution is governed by randomness — an indexed family of random variables sharing one probability law. Random Walk preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A trajectory built as the running sum of independent random increments, whose displacement grows like the square root of the number of steps. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Randomization is the specific shape probability takes when the chance mechanism is deliberately injected to assign units to treatments.

Randomization is the structurally-particularized form probability takes when a stochastic mechanism is purposefully used to assign experimental units to conditions, ensuring each unit's probability of any treatment is specified in advance and independent of its characteristics. It inherits probability's coherence apparatus — sample space, events, calibrated assignment of numbers in [0,1] — particularized to the assignment-procedure case. The expected statistical equivalence of treatment groups follows directly from the probability calculus applied to the assignment.


Randomization presupposes causality because its purpose is to identify causal effects by severing the link between treatment and confounders.

Randomization presupposes causality because its entire warrant is causal inference: random assignment severs the link between treatment and pre-treatment characteristics, so observed differences in outcomes can be attributed to the productive connection from cause to effect. Without causality's four-part structure — cause, effect, productive connection, modal robustness — there would be no target relation for the randomization to identify. Random assignment is precisely the procedure that licenses the counterfactual claim causality requires.


Randomization is the specific shape experimental design takes when treatment assignment is made stochastic to neutralize observed and unobserved confounders.

Randomization is the particular form experimental design takes for the assignment step: units are allocated to treatment conditions by an explicitly stochastic mechanism with specified probabilities independent of unit characteristics. This achieves the structural property that treatment groups are expected statistically equivalent on all pre-treatment variables — measured and unmeasured. The general architecture of principled comparison for causal inference is specialized here to the stochastic-assignment mechanism, with chance-driven allocation as the lever that neutralizes confounding and supports valid causal inference.


Randomization is the mechanism that physically realizes a confounder-severing intervention (severs every incoming edge at once). Add intervention as a parent; randomization keeps its causality/experimental_design/probability parents.


A scoped Randomness claim requires a Probability law specifying the ensemble regularities beneath individually unpredictable outcomes.

Probability supplies the coherent distribution, moments, conditional events, and test baselines by which an ensemble is lawful. Randomness adds a generating source, predictor-relative unpredictability, source taxonomy, and application-specific quality certification.


Rank-Dependent Value contains an ordering of the comparison distribution because ordinal position is the argument from which its positional component is computed.

Rank is undefined until the members of a comparison set are placed under an order relation. Order is therefore an internal constituent: it supplies the ordinal positions while Rank-Dependent Value adds a mapping from those positions to value and the rank-preserving-shift invariance. Remove the order and no first, median, percentile, or relative standing remains to carry value.


Rashomon_effect is 'a diagnosis of abductive UNDERDETERMINATION' — the condition in which inference-to-the-best-explanation cannot converge (several internally-coherent accounts fit equally). It presupposes the abductive frame and names where it stalls. Abductive Reasoning supplies the prerequisite condition: Infer the hypothesis that would best explain a surprising observation, accepted provisionally and held defeasibly against better candidates. Rashomon Effect operates against that background: Multiple internally coherent but mutually inconsistent accounts of one event, underdetermined by the testimony set with no internal adjudication procedure. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


The ratchet effect is 'a specific path-dependent mechanism: direction-asymmetric, monotone, lock-driven'; 'many path-dependent systems are not ratchets (they can reverse); the ratchet is the one-way subclass.' A strict specialization of path_dependence. Path Dependence supplies the genus: Outcomes are shaped by the specific historical sequence of past choices, which lock in consequences and foreclose alternatives that persist despite present incentives to change. Ratchet Effect preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Direction-asymmetric coupling plus a locking element produces accumulating one-way displacement under bidirectional forcing. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


Rate Coding is an Encoding and Decoding scheme in which magnitude is carried by identical-event frequency over an integration window.

Rate Coding specializes the general representation-and-recovery scheme to identical discrete events. The encoder places magnitude in event frequency and the decoder recovers it through windowed counting, with the integration window trading temporal resolution against precision.


'It is one specific tool — meter, window, budget, response — within the broader discipline of provisioning and scheduling resources, not the whole of it.' The per-actor-per-time cap within resource_management. Resource Management supplies the genus: Allocation of finite assets. Rate Limiting preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Cap the temporal rate at which an identifiable actor consumes a resource. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


A rate limit is a temporal constraint on consumption (units per time per actor); a specialization of constraint. Constraint supplies the genus: Limits possibilities to guide outcomes. Rate Limiting preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Cap the temporal rate at which an identifiable actor consumes a resource. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Ratio is comparison specialized to a multiplicative or per-unit relation obtained by dividing an ordered numerator by a nonzero denominator.

Comparison supplies the genus of placing quantities in one declared frame. Ratio adds ordered quantitative roles, a nonzero reference denominator, division, and a quotient interpreted multiplicatively or per unit.


Reactance presupposes constraint because the motivational state only arises when a perceived freedom is threatened or restricted by an external limit.

Reactance is a motivational state triggered specifically by the perceived restriction of a behavioral freedom: without a constraint imposing itself on the admissible set of actions the individual believes they possess, there is no threat-to-freedom event, no aversive arousal, and no freedom-restoration motivation. The four-component process presupposes that the structural feature being responded to is a binding restriction on what one is allowed to choose — the very situation constraint names — and reactance is the psychological reaction to that situation.


Reactance is the specific shape homeostasis takes when perceived autonomy is the regulated variable and freedom-restoration is the corrective response.

Reactance is the homeostatic particularization for the variable of perceived behavioral freedom: when external constraint threatens to push the variable below its acceptable band, an aversive motivational state arises and drives corrective behavior aimed at restoring the freedom. Where homeostasis names closed-loop self-regulation that holds a variable within a setpoint range generally, reactance fixes the regulated variable as autonomy and the corrective action as freedom-restoration motivation — a particular sensor-comparator-actuator loop operating on the psychological variable of choice.


Back-action is the SUBSPECIES of externality where the peripheral harm does not stay with the third party but is metabolized by a downstream channel and RETURNS to the causer after a delay. externality is the genus; the return path is the differentia. Externality supplies the genus: Spillover effects. Reaction-Channel Back-Action preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: Peripheral harm from an action is metabolized by a downstream system and returned to the original actor as operational cost, after a delay. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association.


A reaction intermediate is the named transient INTERIOR STATE of a multi-step transformation (absent at both endpoints), whose formation/consumption rates govern throughput; it presupposes a transformation to have an interior of. Transformation supplies the prerequisite condition: A rule-governed mapping that restructures an input into a different output, holding certain invariants fixed while altering others. Reaction Intermediate operates against that background: A multi-step transformation passes through a named transient state, absent at both endpoints, whose formation and consumption rates govern throughput and form a distinct intervention surface. If the parent condition is removed, the child relation becomes undefined or loses the mechanism asserted by this edge; the parent can obtain independently, so the relation is presupposition rather than subsumption.


Reality monitoring is the use-time CLASSIFICATION of each stored item by source class (internally-generated vs externally-perceived) from source-correlated features — a specialized classification with its own signal-detection (d'/criterion) structure. Classification supplies the genus: Sorting entities into discrete categories by explicit rules, turning unbounded variation into a finite, reusable map for downstream reasoning and action. Reality Monitoring preserves that general structure while adding its differentia: A system holding items from multiple source classes must, at use-time, attribute each item to its source — most basically internally-generated versus externally-perceived — with characteristic errors when the cues mislead. The parent can occur without those added commitments, whereas removing the parent structure leaves no basis for classifying the child as this subtype. That asymmetry establishes subsumption rather than mere association. The typical qualifier limits the claim to the characteristic route, not a constitutive requirement of every instance; exceptions must retain the child's identity through another mechanism.


Realized vs Possible Outcomes contains a possibility set, a realized subset, and the membership and inclusion tests that expose their gap.

Set and Membership is internal to the prime's defining construction: the possibility collection, realized collection, subset relation, and omitted members are the objects being compared. The child adds a generating process, model-constructed possibility boundary, observed realization, gap shape, and intervention logic.


A receptive field contains a boundary in input space separating stimuli that can affect the unit from those that cannot.

The coverage footprint and its falloff define the local jurisdiction whose tiling composes system-wide coverage; remove the inside-outside demarcation and the field is no longer bounded or receptive selectively.


Receptor Saturation is a kind of constraint: a finite count of binding sites caps the system's response regardless of further input.

Receptor saturation describes a system whose response approaches an asymptote because the population of binding sites is finite and eventually fully occupied. The number of sites is a binding restriction on admissible response magnitudes: no configuration with response above the saturation ceiling is reachable, regardless of input intensity. That is exactly the structure of a constraint — a hard cap on the feasible set — specialized to capacity ceilings imposed by fixed interaction substrate.


Receptor saturation is a specialization of boundedness in which finite binding-site capacity caps the maximal achievable response regardless of further input.

Receptor saturation specializes boundedness by fixing the bounded quantity as available binding sites or interaction slots and the consequence as an asymptotic response ceiling. Where boundedness names the general property that some structural feature is contained within a finite envelope, receptor saturation specifies that the envelope is the count of available sites and that approaching this envelope produces hyperbolic or sigmoidal saturation in the response — a particular shape boundedness takes when finite interaction capacity caps the input-to-output mapping at a hard ceiling.


Reciprocity is the specific shape symmetry takes when actions in an ongoing relationship are returned in kind across parties.

Reciprocity is the specific shape symmetry takes when the invariance is between actions and their returns within a social relationship: help is met with help, harm with harm, contribution with contribution. It is a structurally-particularized instance of transformation-group invariance, where the transformation is the role-swap between giver and receiver and the property preserved is the kind or magnitude of the action. The added commitment is that the symmetry is enforced across time through expectations and norms rather than as an instantaneous geometric balance, and that violations carry social consequences ranging from withdrawal to retaliation.


Reciprocity presupposes cooperation because the in-kind return that defines reciprocity is the mechanism by which costly cooperative contributions are sustained.

Reciprocity presupposes cooperation because its content — responding in kind to others' contributions — is intelligible only against the prior tension cooperation names: the gap between collective optimum and individual incentive in which costly contributions must be sustained against defection. Without that gap, in-kind return is just trade; with it, reciprocity becomes the structural device that converts a one-shot defection problem into a repeated game where contribution can be rewarded and defection punished. Reciprocity inherits cooperation's structural situation and supplies one of the principal mechanisms by which the cooperative outcome is stabilized.


Recognition justice is fairness specialized to whether parties and their harms enter the evaluative frame with equal standing.

It inherits the judgment of treatment under a defensible standard and adds a prior representational gate: whose identity is intelligible, whose testimony is credible, and which injuries count as injuries before distribution or procedure is assessed.