Geophysics

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7 domain-specific abstractions whose origin domain is Geophysics.

• Dim Spot — A localized reduction of seismic reflection amplitude that can result from a lower acoustic-impedance contrast, used as a conditional direct hydrocarbon indicator after tuning, lithology, processing, and fluid alternatives are tested.
• Flat spot (reflection seismology) — Recognize a laterally coherent, approximately horizontal seismic reflection that crosscuts dipping stratigraphy as a conditional fluid-contact indicator, subject to depth, multiple, and lithologic falsification checks.
• Free-air gravity anomaly — The difference between observed and theoretical gravity after correcting measurement elevation to a reference level without compensating for intervening terrain mass.
• Seismic anisotropy — Directional dependence of seismic-wave speed, polarization, or attenuation at a point, represented through elastic symmetry and used to infer layering, cracks, stress, and mantle fabric.
• Seismic Inversion — An inverse procedure that estimates subsurface physical-property models from seismic observations by combining a forward wave or convolutional model, prior constraints, an objective function, and uncertainty assessment.
• Transient electromagnetics — A time-domain geophysical method that drives a pulsed primary electromagnetic field and measures the decay of induced subsurface currents to infer electrical structure.
• Zoeppritz Equations — The exact plane-wave interface relations that use elastic boundary continuity to partition an incident P or S wave among reflected and transmitted P and S modes as a function of angle and material properties.