Physical Chemistry

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4 domain-specific abstractions whose origin domain is Physical Chemistry.

• Eötvös rule — An empirical corresponding-states relation approximating how a pure liquid’s surface tension decreases toward zero near its critical temperature.
• Molar refractivity — A molar optical-response quantity combining refractive index and density to estimate the electronic polarizability contributed by one mole of material.
• Standard state — A specified thermodynamic reference condition for a substance at a chosen standard pressure and composition convention, used to define activities and tabulate standard-state properties.
• Transition state — The highest-free-energy configuration along a chosen reaction path, defining the dividing surface between reactants and products and controlling reaction-rate theory.