Neural & Cognitive Representation Models

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Abstractions about how brains and models organize sensory and spatial representation, including biologically inspired computational models (neocognitron, hierarchical temporal memory, BCM theory), neural maps and category-specific processing (sensory map, neural processing for individual categories of objects), and psychophysical measurement methods (two-alternative forced choice, cocktail party effect).

11 abstractions in this family — domain-specific abstractions that sit near one another in structural-signature space (k-means over structural-signature embeddings). Each is shown with its short description.

• BCM theory — Bienenstock–Cooper–Munro (BCM) theory, BCM synaptic modification, or the BCM rule, named after Elie Bienenstock, Leon Cooper, and Paul Munro, is a physical theory of learning in the visual cortex developed in 1981.
• Cocktail party effect — The cocktail party effect is a phenomenon wherein the brain focuses a person's attention on a particular stimulus, usually auditory.
• Hierarchical temporal memory — Hierarchical temporal memory (HTM) is a biologically constrained machine intelligence technology developed by Numenta.
• Microneurography — Directly record localized activity from living human peripheral nerves for bounded physiological interpretation.
• Neocognitron — The neocognitron is a hierarchical, multilayered artificial neural network proposed by Kunihiko Fukushima in 1979.
• Neural processing for individual categories of objects — Consistently, faces and buildings were found to be processed independently of each other and in discrete cortical regions suggesting that processing is facilitated by assigning object categories to distinct cortical regions according to the level and type of processing that they require.
• Sensory map — Sensory maps are areas of the brain which responds to sensory stimulation, and are spatially organized according to some feature of the sensory stimulation.
• Spatial memory — In cognitive psychology and neuroscience, spatial memory is a form of memory responsible for the recording and recovery of information needed to plan a course to a location and to recall the location of an object or the occurrence of an event.
• Theta model — The theta model, or Ermentrout–Kopell canonical model, is a biological neuron model originally developed to mathematically describe neurons in the animal Aplysia.
• Two-alternative forced choice — Two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) is a method for measuring the sensitivity of a person or animal to some particular sensory input, stimulus, through that observer's pattern of choices and response times to two versions of the sensory input.
• Van Hiele model — In mathematics education, the Van Hiele model is a theory that describes how students learn geometry.