Nuclear Physics & Isotope Phenomena¶

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Abstractions about atomic nuclei, their transformations, and detection, including nuclear stability and decay boundaries (nuclear drip line, decay energy, neutrinoless double beta decay), isotope classification and tracking (isodiapher, isotopic labeling, seed nucleus), and measurement techniques and astrophysical processes (muon spin spectroscopy, nuclear resonance fluorescence, r-process, standard solar model).

17 abstractions in this family — domain-specific abstractions that sit near one another in structural-signature space (k-means over structural-signature embeddings). Each is shown with its short description.

Absorbed Dose — Absorbed dose is the mean energy imparted by ionizing radiation per unit mass of a specified absorber, measured in gray.
Amino Acid Dating — A conditional age-inference method that reads time-sensitive stereochemical change in retained amino acids against a material and temperature history.
Bioremediation of radioactive waste — Bioremediation of radioactive waste or bioremediation of radionuclides is an application of bioremediation based on the use of biological agents bacteria, plants and fungi (natural or genetically modified) to catalyze chemical reactions that allow the decontamination of sites affected by radionuclides.
Decay energy — The decay energy is the energy change of a nucleus having undergone a radioactive decay.
Diffusion-Limited Escape — Atmospheric loss whose sustained flux is limited by upward diffusion through heavier gas.
Isodiapher — Likewise, nuclides with the same neutron excess (N − Z) are called isodiaphers.
Isotopic labeling — Isotopic labeling (or isotopic labelling) is a technique used to track the passage of an isotope (an atom with a detectable variation in neutron count) through chemical reaction, metabolic pathway, or a biological cell.
Muon spin spectroscopy — Muon spin spectroscopy, also known as μSR, is an experimental technique based on the implantation of spin-polarized muons in matter and on the detection of the influence of the atomic, molecular or crystalline surroundings on their spin motion.
Neutrinoless double beta decay — A hypothetical nuclear transition emitting two electrons but no neutrinos, whose observation would violate total lepton number and demonstrate a Majorana component of neutrino mass; no confirmed detection currently exists.
Neutron stimulated emission computed tomography — A given atomic nucleus, defined by its proton and neutron numbers, is a quantized system with a set of characteristic higher energy levels that it can occupy as a nuclear isomer.
Non-Contact Force — A non-contact force is a force which acts on an object without coming physically in contact with it.
Nuclear drip line — The nuclear drip line is the boundary beyond which atomic nuclei are unbound with respect to the emission of a proton or neutron.
Nuclear resonance fluorescence — Nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) is a nuclear process in which a nucleus absorbs and emits high-energy photons called gamma rays.
R-process — In nuclear astrophysics, the rapid neutron-capture process, also known as the r-process, is a set of nuclear reactions that is responsible for the creation of approximately half of the atomic nuclei heavier than iron, the "heavy elements", with the other half produced largely by the s-process.
Seed nucleus — A seed nucleus is an isotope that is the starting point for any of a variety of fusion chain reactions.
Solar Neutrino Problem — The Nobel Committee for Physics, however, erred in mentioning neutrino oscillations in regard to the SNO Experiment: for the high-energy solar neutrinos observed in that experiment, it is not neutrino oscillations, but rather the Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect, that produced the observed results.
Standard solar model — The standard solar model (SSM) is a mathematical model of the Sun as a spherical ball of gas (in varying states of ionisation, with the hydrogen in the deep interior being a completely ionised plasma).