Survival Analysis & Demographic Rates

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Abstractions about modeling event timing and population-level rates, covering survival and hazard models (Accelerated Failure Time Model, Discrete-Time Proportional Hazards, Logrank Test), demographic and health measures (Life Expectancy, Gross Reproduction Rate, Frailty Index), and longitudinal or causal methods like Propensity Score Matching.

16 abstractions in this family — domain-specific abstractions that sit near one another in structural-signature space (k-means over structural-signature embeddings). Each is shown with its short description.

• Accelerated failure time model — Model covariates as multiplying an event-time scale—equivalently shifting log survival time—so coefficients are interpreted through time ratios rather than the constant hazard ratios of proportional-hazards regression.
• Additionality — Attribute only the outcome increment that would not have occurred without an intervention, using an explicit counterfactual baseline and adjustments for displaced, leaked, substituted, or already-planned activity.
• Critical Community Size — Study-defined host-population size or range associated with a specified local infection fade-out versus persistence criterion over a stated horizon.
• Demographic window — The period when a population’s working-age share is unusually high relative to dependent young and older groups, creating potential for a demographic dividend.
• Discrete-time proportional hazards — A grouped-duration model whose conditional event probability in each interval is linked to covariates so their effects correspond to proportional underlying hazards or a specified discrete analogue.
• Estimated date of delivery — Estimate a pregnancy's delivery date by anchoring gestational age to the best available menstrual, conception, or ultrasound evidence and retaining the estimate unless a documented redating threshold is crossed.
• Failure rate — The event frequency or hazard at which functioning components or systems fail per unit time or exposure under stated conditions.
• Frailty index — A deficit-accumulation measure of biological vulnerability equal to the proportion of a selected set of age-related health deficits present in an individual.
• Generational Accounting — Project each birth cohort's net public fiscal flows within a declared government or program boundary and discount them to a common date.
• Gross reproduction rate — Summarize a period's age-specific fertility and sex ratio as the expected number of daughters in a synthetic female cohort that experiences those rates and no mortality through the reproductive ages.
• Infection rate — A population measure of new infections over a defined period, denominator and at-risk population, often expressed as cumulative incidence or an incidence rate with person-time.
• Latent growth modeling — A longitudinal structural-equation framework that represents individual repeated measures through latent intercept and slope factors, estimating average trajectories and between-person variation.
• Life expectancy — The expected number of remaining years of life at a specified age under a cohort’s realized mortality or a period life table’s age-specific mortality rates.
• Logrank test — A nonparametric hypothesis test comparing the event-time distributions of groups by accumulating observed-minus-expected events across ordered failure times while accounting for right censoring.
• Propensity score matching — An observational causal-inference method that matches treated and untreated units with similar estimated probabilities of treatment given observed covariates.
• Recurrent event analysis — Statistical analysis of repeated event times experienced by the same observational unit.