Rates of magma emplacement and volcanic output¶
Crisp. (1984). Rates of magma emplacement and volcanic output.
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Domain-specific¶
- Effusive Eruption
- Hawaiian-style basaltic effusion — low-viscosity, low-water basaltic magma erupting as long-lived lava flows, fissure fountains, and lava lakes (Kilauea, Mauna Loa), with hazard primarily to property and infrastructure. Icelandic fissure eruptions — linear vent systems producing voluminous basalt flows (Laki 1783, Holuhraun 2014–15), with flood-basalt, SO₂ air-quality, and climate-forcing hazards. Lava-dome growth — more silicic but still effusive extrusion building a slowly-growing dome that may later become unstable (Soufrière Hills before collapse), the case showing viscosity alone does not fix the mode. Submarine mid-ocean-ridge effusion — basalt eruptions building ocean crust at roughly 3 km²/year
This sourceGlobal magma budget establishing that mid-ocean-ridge effusion dominates terrestrial volcanic output by volume.
- Hawaiian-style basaltic effusion — low-viscosity, low-water basaltic magma erupting as long-lived lava flows, fissure fountains, and lava lakes (Kilauea, Mauna Loa), with hazard primarily to property and infrastructure. Icelandic fissure eruptions — linear vent systems producing voluminous basalt flows (Laki 1783, Holuhraun 2014–15), with flood-basalt, SO₂ air-quality, and climate-forcing hazards. Lava-dome growth — more silicic but still effusive extrusion building a slowly-growing dome that may later become unstable (Soufrière Hills before collapse), the case showing viscosity alone does not fix the mode. Submarine mid-ocean-ridge effusion — basalt eruptions building ocean crust at roughly 3 km²/year
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