Ecosystems and the biosphere as complex adaptive systems

Levin, S. A. (1998). Ecosystems and the biosphere as complex adaptive systems. Ecosystems, 1(5), 431-436.

Type

Journal article

Intellectual base

Primary research

Year

1998

DOI

10.1007/s100219900037

Link

https://doi.org/10.1007/s100219900037

Cited from

systems_cybernetics

Cited by

1 citation across 1 artifact.

Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.

Primes

• Complexity
  • Levin (1998) framed ecosystems and biospheres as complex adaptive systems, with implications for conservation and resource management

    This sourceFrames ecosystems and biosphere as CAS where higher-level patterns emerge from local interaction and selection; nonlinearity, historical dependency, multiple outcomes — supports D26-083. Verified existing and supporting.

Verification

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