Mathematical Games¶
Gardner, M. (1970). Mathematical Games: The paradox of the nontransitive dice and the elusive principle of indifference. Scientific American, 223(6), 110-114.
Cited by¶
1 citation across 1 artifact.
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Mechanisms¶
- Cyclic Payoff Table
- … mode is that a table full of numbers invites a spurious cycle: small-sample magnitudes wobble, and three noisy edges can trace a ring that vanishes with more data — exactly the trap of nontransitive dice, where A beats B beats C beats A on average yet the effect is a fragile property of the specific distributions.
This sourcePresents nontransitive dice whose exact pairwise winning probabilities form a cycle.
- … mode is that a table full of numbers invites a spurious cycle: small-sample magnitudes wobble, and three noisy edges can trace a ring that vanishes with more data — exactly the trap of nontransitive dice, where A beats B beats C beats A on average yet the effect is a fragile property of the specific distributions.
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Registry ID ref:104d72ffdb7c · see in the full table