What Is Disruptive Innovation?¶
Christensen, C. M., Raynor, M. E., & McDonald, R. (2015). What Is Disruptive Innovation?. Harvard Business Review, 44-53.
Cited by¶
2 citations across 2 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Disruptive Innovation
- In media, mail-order DVD was worse than walk-in rental for the high-end customer before streaming crossed the curve.
This sourceRestates the theory and uses Netflix (low-end/new-market mail-order entry against video rental, later streaming) as a canonical disruption case, distinguished from sustaining moves by the inversion test.
- In media, mail-order DVD was worse than walk-in rental for the high-end customer before streaming crossed the curve.
Domain-specific¶
- Innovator's Dilemma
- Disk drives — Christensen's founding case, six successive form-factor generations (14" to 1.8") at each of which the prior winner failed to lead the next. Steel — integrated mills displaced by mini-mills entering at low-margin rebar and working upmarket. Photography — often cited but not a case in Christensen's 1997 study, and contested: Kodak did invest in digital imaging (it built the first handheld digital camera prototype in 1975 and was briefly the U.S. digital-camera leader), though its executives were slow to pivot from high-margin film, so the story of funded film and starved digital programs is at best a simplification. Personal computing — minicomputer makers (DEC, Wang, Data General) destroyed by PCs that were initially dismissed as toys. Mobile telephony — a contested case: the iPhone was a premium-priced entrant, so by the entry's own cheaper/simpler/lower-performance test it reads as sustaining rather than low-end disruptive.
This sourceChristensen's own restatement of the theory's boundary conditions and of which famous cases do and do not qualify, including the treatment of the iPhone as disruptive relative to the laptop/PC and internet access rather than as a low-end disruptor of handset incumbents.
- Disk drives — Christensen's founding case, six successive form-factor generations (14" to 1.8") at each of which the prior winner failed to lead the next. Steel — integrated mills displaced by mini-mills entering at low-margin rebar and working upmarket. Photography — often cited but not a case in Christensen's 1997 study, and contested: Kodak did invest in digital imaging (it built the first handheld digital camera prototype in 1975 and was briefly the U.S. digital-camera leader), though its executives were slow to pivot from high-margin film, so the story of funded film and starved digital programs is at best a simplification. Personal computing — minicomputer makers (DEC, Wang, Data General) destroyed by PCs that were initially dismissed as toys. Mobile telephony — a contested case: the iPhone was a premium-priced entrant, so by the entry's own cheaper/simpler/lower-performance test it reads as sustaining rather than low-end disruptive.
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