Confounding and Simpson's Paradox.¶
Julious, S. A., & Mullee, M. A. (1994). Confounding and Simpson's Paradox. BMJ, 309(6967), 1480-1481.
Cited by¶
1 citation across 1 artifact.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Simpson's Paradox
- The diagnostic and the fix are the prime's exactly — stratify (or age-standardize to a common population) and the true direction reappears, and the choice of whether to report crude or standardized rates is causal, matching the question "which country handles a given-age patient better?".
This sourceWorked medical example of the paradox (kidney-stone treatment by stone size) driven by a confounder, with stratification/standardization as the fix — directly supports the age-standardization remedy for case-fatality comparisons.
- The diagnostic and the fix are the prime's exactly — stratify (or age-standardize to a common population) and the true direction reappears, and the choice of whether to report crude or standardized rates is causal, matching the question "which country handles a given-age patient better?".
Verification¶
Does it exist? Confirmed. This work's DOI resolves to a registered record, which fixes its identity. That is all it fixes.
Does it back the claim? Not recorded. The single citation of this work carries no recorded support check.
Support is checked per citation rather than per work — the same source can be cited soundly in one article and wrongly in another. Per-citation recording began recently, so a citation with no recorded check is a gap in the record rather than evidence it went unchecked.
See how references were verified.
Registry ID ref:1d72f3203f59 · see in the full table