The Effects of Automobile Safety Regulation.¶
Peltzman, S. (1975). The Effects of Automobile Safety Regulation. Journal of Political Economy, 83(4), 677-725.
Cited by¶
6 citations across 6 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Anticipatory Neutralization
- Beyond macroeconomics, the Peltzman effect (risk compensation) describes drivers anticipating new safety equipment and re-optimising toward more aggressive driving; vaccine policy sees analogous exposure-behaviour increases.
This sourceThe Peltzman effect (risk compensation): drivers re-optimize toward more aggressive driving under mandated safety equipment, partially offsetting the engineered injury reduction.
Supported in partVerified against the publisher's abstract
Peltzman's abstract reports offsetting driver response to mandated safety devices that is 'virtually complete', but never says drivers anticipate the equipment or drive more aggressively.
“This article indicates that these offsets are virtually complete, so that regulation has not decreased highway deaths.”
- Beyond macroeconomics, the Peltzman effect (risk compensation) describes drivers anticipating new safety equipment and re-optimising toward more aggressive driving; vaccine policy sees analogous exposure-behaviour increases.
- Jevons Paradox
- Not `peltzman_effect` (risk compensation) per se. Risk compensation is a behavioural cousin where a safety gain elicits offsetting risk-taking; it shares the rebound skeleton but is a narrower, behaviour-specific instance, whereas Jevons spans any "price" currency (money, time, attention).
This sourceOriginal statement of risk compensation (the Peltzman effect): a safety gain elicits offsetting risk-taking, a behavior-specific cousin of the rebound dynamic.
Supported in partVerified against the publisher's abstract
Peltzman's own abstract reports that driver response to safety devices virtually offsets the safety gain, the behavioural offset the claim names; it says nothing about Jevons or price currencies.
“This article indicates that these offsets are virtually complete, so that regulation has not decreased highway deaths.”
- Not `peltzman_effect` (risk compensation) per se. Risk compensation is a behavioural cousin where a safety gain elicits offsetting risk-taking; it shares the rebound skeleton but is a narrower, behaviour-specific instance, whereas Jevons spans any "price" currency (money, time, attention).
- Peltzman Effect
- This is the general pattern usually labelled risk compensation or behavioral offset, of which the Peltzman effect — the finding that mandatory car-safety equipment increased risky driving and shifted some of the saved driver-deaths into pedestrian and cyclist deaths — is the canonical economic instantiation.
Supported in partVerified against the publisher's abstract
Peltzman's own abstract supports the driver-response/offset frame and the shift of saved occupant lives into more pedestrian deaths, but names pedestrians only - not cyclists - and gives no figure for 'increased risky driving'.
“Time-series (but not cross-section) data imply some saving of auto occupants' lives at the expense of more pedestrian deaths and more nonfatal accidents, a pattern consistent with optimal driver response to regulation.”
- This is the general pattern usually labelled risk compensation or behavioral offset, of which the Peltzman effect — the finding that mandatory car-safety equipment increased risky driving and shifted some of the saved driver-deaths into pedestrian and cyclist deaths — is the canonical economic instantiation.
Mechanisms¶
- Adaptive Safeguard Recalibration Gate
- The classic misuse is staffing the gate with the safeguard's own owners, who are incentivized to read the evidence as success, exactly the archetype's warning that leadership expects technical reduction to translate straight into net safety
This sourceFinds that behavioral responses can offset the expected net safety gains from mandated automobile safety devices.
- The classic misuse is staffing the gate with the safeguard's own owners, who are incentivized to read the evidence as success, exactly the archetype's warning that leadership expects technical reduction to translate straight into net safety
- Conditional Release Protocol
- Under risk compensation, people offered a safety net take more risk, partly offsetting the protection the conditions were meant to provide.
This sourceFinds that drivers’ behavioral response to mandated automobile safety devices offset the expected safety benefit.
- Under risk compensation, people offered a safety net take more risk, partly offsetting the protection the conditions were meant to provide.
- Offset-Adjusted Impact Evaluation
- Then its net-effect frame subtracts the offsets the cameras provoke: drivers braking only at the camera and accelerating between them (spatial displacement), and the general tendency to drive a little less carefully when a hazard feels managed.
This sourceProvides evidence that behavioral responses by drivers can offset the expected safety gains from protective regulation.
- Then its net-effect frame subtracts the offsets the cameras provoke: drivers braking only at the camera and accelerating between them (spatial displacement), and the general tendency to drive a little less carefully when a hazard feels managed.
Verification¶
Does it exist? Confirmed. This work's DOI resolves to a registered record, which fixes its identity. That is all it fixes.
Does it back the claim? Read against the text for 3 of 6 citations: 3 supported in part. Each verdict is shown under its citation below, with what in the work backs the sentence.
Support is checked per citation rather than per work — the same source can be cited soundly in one article and wrongly in another. Per-citation recording began recently, so a citation with no recorded check is a gap in the record rather than evidence it went unchecked.
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