Clever Hans (The Horse of Mr. von Osten)¶
Pfungst, O. (1911). Clever Hans (The Horse of Mr. von Osten): A Contribution to Experimental Animal and Human Psychology.
Cited by¶
1 citation across 1 artifact.
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Primes¶
- Shortcut Learning
- In animal cognition it is Clever Hans reading his trainer's posture rather than doing arithmetic, or pigeons trained on categories that learned the background luminance of the training photographs.
This sourceDemonstrates the horse answered by reading involuntary postural cues from the questioner rather than performing arithmetic — the founding case of an animal exploiting an incidental correlate; the analogous pigeon finding (discrimination controlled by background/contextual cues rather than the target object) appears in the pigeon-categorization literature.
Supported in partVerified against the work's full text
Pfungst establishes that Hans responded to involuntary postures and movements of the questioner rather than calculating; the pigeon background-luminance finding is not in this 1911 book.
“We found that it was solely external signs, which we described as certain postures and movements of the questioner.”
- In animal cognition it is Clever Hans reading his trainer's posture rather than doing arithmetic, or pigeons trained on categories that learned the background luminance of the training photographs.
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