Arnstein's ladder of citizen participation

Arnstein, S. R. (1969). Arnstein's ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Planning Association.

Type

Journal article

Intellectual base

Primary research

Year

1969

Link

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Cited by

1 citation across 1 artifact.

Mechanisms

• Remedy Co-Design Workshop
  • Its failure mode is tokenism: inviting affected people for legitimacy while the design is already settled, the lower rungs of Arnstein's ladder of participation, where consultation is a placation ritual.

Verification

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Registry ID ref:2ec79bd8eeb2 · see in the full table