The Estuarine Circulation.¶
Geyer, W. R., & MacCready, P. (2014). The Estuarine Circulation. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 46, 175-197.
Cited by¶
3 citations across 3 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Counter-Current Exchange
- Building HVAC: heat-recovery ventilators run incoming and outgoing air in opposition across a thin exchanger to recover sensible and latent heat from exhaust. Oceanography: in stratified estuaries, rivers and saltier ocean water flow in opposite directions, and the geometry sets the mixing efficiency that shapes salinity, nutrient, and sediment profiles.
This sourceDescribes two-layer gravitational (estuarine) circulation in stratified/salt-wedge estuaries — seaward surface freshwater over landward bottom saltwater — whose opposing flow and mixing set salinity and material-transport structure. (Resolves needs-source-882; supports counter-flowing river/ocean water in stratified estuaries governing mixing and salinity/nutrient/sediment profiles.)
Supported in partVerified against the publisher's abstract
Abstract supports estuarine circulation governed by stratification and a mixing parameter, but not geometry-driven mixing efficiency or salinity/nutrient/sediment shaping.
“In estuaries with relatively strong tidal forcing and modest buoyancy forcing, the tidal variation in stratification leads to a tidal straining circulation driven by tidal variation in vertical mixing, with a magnitude that may significantly exceed the gravitational circulation.”
- Building HVAC: heat-recovery ventilators run incoming and outgoing air in opposition across a thin exchanger to recover sensible and latent heat from exhaust. Oceanography: in stratified estuaries, rivers and saltier ocean water flow in opposite directions, and the geometry sets the mixing efficiency that shapes salinity, nutrient, and sediment profiles.
Domain-specific¶
- Estuarine Circulation
- Physical oceanography of estuaries — the home turf; the gravitational-circulation model, the Hansen–Rattray regime axis, and the salt-flux decomposition (advective, oscillatory-shear, dispersive) describe and predict the residual two-layer flow of named basins (Chesapeake, Hudson, Columbia, Pearl, Yangtze). Salt-intrusion and water-supply management — predicts how far the saline wedge penetrates up-estuary under a given discharge, so that drought- or dredging-driven advance of the salt front past freshwater intakes and onto farmland becomes forecastable rather than discovered after the fact. Estuarine sedimentology and turbidity maxima — the near-bed landward flow advects fine sediment up-estuary to converge with the surface seaward flow, setting the position of the estuarine turbidity maximum and the trapping of particulate matter. Coastal biogeochemistry and hypoxia — stratification across the pycnocline governs surface-to-bottom oxygen exchange and flushing time, so the regime sets eutrophication and dead-zone risk and the seaward export of nutrients and phytoplankton. Estuarine and marine ecology — the residual circulation transports larvae landward and sets the salinity field that determines habitat for oysters, salt-marsh vegetation, and the migration windows of anadromous fish. Coastal and navigation engineering — channel deepening for shipping directly amplifies gravitational circulation and lengthens salt intrusion, a documented consequence at the Savannah, Rotterdam Waterway, and Yangtze deep-water channels
This sourceThe estuarine-circulation review that sets the gravitational paradigm against tidal straining, mapping estuaries by a mixing parameter.
Supported in partVerified against the publisher's abstract
“Recent research in estuaries challenges the long-standing paradigm of the gravitationally driven estuarine circulation.”
- Physical oceanography of estuaries — the home turf; the gravitational-circulation model, the Hansen–Rattray regime axis, and the salt-flux decomposition (advective, oscillatory-shear, dispersive) describe and predict the residual two-layer flow of named basins (Chesapeake, Hudson, Columbia, Pearl, Yangtze). Salt-intrusion and water-supply management — predicts how far the saline wedge penetrates up-estuary under a given discharge, so that drought- or dredging-driven advance of the salt front past freshwater intakes and onto farmland becomes forecastable rather than discovered after the fact. Estuarine sedimentology and turbidity maxima — the near-bed landward flow advects fine sediment up-estuary to converge with the surface seaward flow, setting the position of the estuarine turbidity maximum and the trapping of particulate matter. Coastal biogeochemistry and hypoxia — stratification across the pycnocline governs surface-to-bottom oxygen exchange and flushing time, so the regime sets eutrophication and dead-zone risk and the seaward export of nutrients and phytoplankton. Estuarine and marine ecology — the residual circulation transports larvae landward and sets the salinity field that determines habitat for oysters, salt-marsh vegetation, and the migration windows of anadromous fish. Coastal and navigation engineering — channel deepening for shipping directly amplifies gravitational circulation and lengthens salt intrusion, a documented consequence at the Savannah, Rotterdam Waterway, and Yangtze deep-water channels
- Salt Wedge
- The estuarine stratification regime is set by the competition between river buoyancy forcing and tidal mixing power: read through the internal Froude number of the two-layer flow and a mixing parameter comparing the tidal timescale to the vertical mixing timescale, that competition determines whether stratification is maintained, sits in a transitional regime, or is broken down
This sourceGeyer and MacCready's review of the estuarine circulation, which maps the estuarine parameter space against a mixing parameter based on the ratio of the tidal timescale to the vertical mixing timescale and sorts estuaries into maintained, transitional and broken-down stratification regimes; the review's companion axis is the freshwater Froude number rather than the internal Froude number of the two-layer flow.
Supported in partVerified against the source
- The estuarine stratification regime is set by the competition between river buoyancy forcing and tidal mixing power: read through the internal Froude number of the two-layer flow and a mixing parameter comparing the tidal timescale to the vertical mixing timescale, that competition determines whether stratification is maintained, sits in a transitional regime, or is broken down
Verification¶
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