Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research.¶
Heller, M. A., & Eisenberg, R. S. (1998). Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research. Science, 280(5364), 698-701.
Cited by¶
1 citation across 1 artifact.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Anti-Commons Tragedy
- In intellectual property it is the patent thicket: a downstream product requires licensing many separate upstream patents — gene patents, research-tool patents, method patents — and any one holder can block or extract a holdout price, slowing biomedical research, semiconductor design, and smartphone standards.
This sourceApplies the anticommons to the biomedical patent thicket: too many upstream patent holders, each able to block, leave a downstream product under-developed.
Supported in partVerified against the publisher's abstract
The paper's own abstract backs the anticommons frame for biomedical research — many owners able to block each other, underuse, fewer downstream products — but not the semiconductor, smartphone, or holdout-price parts of the sentence.
“the recent proliferation of intellectual property rights in biomedical research suggests a different tragedy, an “anticommons” in which people underuse scarce resources because too many owners can block each other”
- In intellectual property it is the patent thicket: a downstream product requires licensing many separate upstream patents — gene patents, research-tool patents, method patents — and any one holder can block or extract a holdout price, slowing biomedical research, semiconductor design, and smartphone standards.
Verification¶
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Does it back the claim? Read against the text for 1 of 1 citation: 1 supported in part. Each verdict is shown under its citation below, with what in the work backs the sentence.
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