The Reflective Practitioner¶
Schön, D. A. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Basic Books.
Cited by¶
13 citations across 13 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Collective Systemic Learning
This sourceTheory of reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action as the engine of professional and organizational learning.
- Formal vs. Informal Structures
This sourceExamines reflection-in-action across professions, arguing that skilled practitioners rely on tacit, improvised knowledge beyond codified rules.
- Implicit Knowledge
- The operative implicit knowledge resists full codification despite extensive surgical literature
This sourceIntroduces "problem-setting" as the framing work that precedes problem-solving; shows that professional expertise lies as much in constructing the problem space (naming what is to be attended to) as in searching it.
- The operative implicit knowledge resists full codification despite extensive surgical literature
- Inquiry-Change Learning Loop
- Knowledge and change are not two deliverables that happen to arrive together — each is the other's instrument.
This sourceCharacterises the practitioner's on-the-spot experiment, in which the inquirer stands inside the situation and alters it in the act of investigating it.
- Knowledge and change are not two deliverables that happen to arrive together — each is the other's instrument.
- Narrative
- Listed in the references but not attached to a specific claim.
- Problem Framing
- The roles are fillable wherever a stated question stands between an unsatisfactory situation and an action, which is why the pattern recurs across fields that share nothing else.
This sourceTreats problem setting -- naming what will be attended to and framing the context in which it will be attended to -- as a distinct act preceding problem solving, and traces it across engineering, architecture, medicine, management and town planning.
- The roles are fillable wherever a stated question stands between an unsatisfactory situation and an action, which is why the pattern recurs across fields that share nothing else.
- Problem Space
- Problem space clarifies by forcing articulation of the reasoner's representation, which is often implicit and unexamined—a reflective move Schön (1983) characterizes as problem-setting, the framing work that precedes problem-solving in professional practice.
This sourceIntroduces "problem-setting" as the framing work that precedes problem-solving; shows that professional expertise lies as much in constructing the problem space (naming what is to be attended to) as in searching it.
- Problem space clarifies by forcing articulation of the reasoner's representation, which is often implicit and unexamined—a reflective move Schön (1983) characterizes as problem-setting, the framing work that precedes problem-solving in professional practice.
- Progressive Refinement from Core Model
This sourceIntroduces "problem-setting" as the framing work that precedes problem-solving; shows that professional expertise lies as much in constructing the problem space (naming what is to be attended to) as in searching it.
- Refinement
- Refinement encourages thinking in terms of feedback loops, margin of error, measurement against fitness criteria, and the distinction between "good enough" and "optimal." It surfaces how systems improve through repeated small corrections rather than revolutionary leaps, the reflection-in-action mode Schön (1983) describes as central to skilled practice.
This sourceIntroduces "problem-setting" as the framing work that precedes problem-solving; shows that professional expertise lies as much in constructing the problem space (naming what is to be attended to) as in searching it.
- Refinement encourages thinking in terms of feedback loops, margin of error, measurement against fitness criteria, and the distinction between "good enough" and "optimal." It surfaces how systems improve through repeated small corrections rather than revolutionary leaps, the reflection-in-action mode Schön (1983) describes as central to skilled practice.
- Sensemaking
This sourceIntroduces "problem-setting" as the framing work that precedes problem-solving; shows that professional expertise lies as much in constructing the problem space (naming what is to be attended to) as in searching it.
Domain-specific¶
Mechanisms¶
- Reflection Journal or Learning Log
- This is reflective practice in the tradition of the reflective practitioner, learning by systematically examining one's own thinking-in-action rather than only the task.
This sourceSchon describes reflection-in-action as examining one's own patterns of action, situation, and tacit knowing during performance, beyond the immediate task alone.
- This is reflective practice in the tradition of the reflective practitioner, learning by systematically examining one's own thinking-in-action rather than only the task.
- Reflective Exercise
- Integrate a revised principle. The exercise closes by folding the revised understanding into the learner's framework as something specific to do differently, not a vague resolution.
This sourceThe exercise operationalizes the latter, and the discipline of recovering the genuine prior expectation is what keeps reflection-on-action from decaying into self-flattering hindsight.
- Integrate a revised principle. The exercise closes by folding the revised understanding into the learner's framework as something specific to do differently, not a vague resolution.
Verification¶
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Links previously used in the corpus¶
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