The Reflective Practitioner¶
Schön, D. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Basic Books.
Cited by¶
17 citations across 17 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Collective Systemic Learning
This sourceTheory of reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action as the engine of professional and organizational learning.
- Formal vs. Informal Structures
This sourceExamines reflection-in-action across professions, arguing that skilled practitioners rely on tacit, improvised knowledge beyond codified rules.
- Implicit Knowledge
- The operative implicit knowledge resists full codification despite extensive surgical literature
This sourceIntroduces "problem-setting" as the framing work that precedes problem-solving; shows that professional expertise lies as much in constructing the problem space (naming what is to be attended to) as in searching it.
- The operative implicit knowledge resists full codification despite extensive surgical literature
- Inquiry-Change Learning Loop
- Knowledge and change are not two deliverables that happen to arrive together — each is the other's instrument.
This sourceCharacterises the practitioner's on-the-spot experiment, in which the inquirer stands inside the situation and alters it in the act of investigating it.
- Knowledge and change are not two deliverables that happen to arrive together — each is the other's instrument.
- Narrative
- Listed in the references but not attached to a specific claim.
- Problem Framing
- The roles are fillable wherever a stated question stands between an unsatisfactory situation and an action, which is why the pattern recurs across fields that share nothing else.
This sourceTreats problem setting -- naming what will be attended to and framing the context in which it will be attended to -- as a distinct act preceding problem solving, and traces it across engineering, architecture, medicine, management and town planning.
- The roles are fillable wherever a stated question stands between an unsatisfactory situation and an action, which is why the pattern recurs across fields that share nothing else.
- Problem Space
- Problem space clarifies by forcing articulation of the reasoner's representation, which is often implicit and unexamined—a reflective move Schön (1983) characterizes as problem-setting, the framing work that precedes problem-solving in professional practice.
This sourceIntroduces "problem-setting" as the framing work that precedes problem-solving; shows that professional expertise lies as much in constructing the problem space (naming what is to be attended to) as in searching it.
- Problem space clarifies by forcing articulation of the reasoner's representation, which is often implicit and unexamined—a reflective move Schön (1983) characterizes as problem-setting, the framing work that precedes problem-solving in professional practice.
- Progressive Refinement from Core Model
- Schön's (1983) theory of reflective practice in design identifies this as the core epistemic move: the designer holds a baseline understanding, detects a mismatch between intention and result, and in reflection iteratively refines both the model and the action.
This sourceIntroduces "problem-setting" as the framing work that precedes problem-solving; shows that professional expertise lies as much in constructing the problem space (naming what is to be attended to) as in searching it.
- Schön's (1983) theory of reflective practice in design identifies this as the core epistemic move: the designer holds a baseline understanding, detects a mismatch between intention and result, and in reflection iteratively refines both the model and the action.
- Refinement
- Refinement encourages thinking in terms of feedback loops, margin of error, measurement against fitness criteria, and the distinction between "good enough" and "optimal." It surfaces how systems improve through repeated small corrections rather than revolutionary leaps, the reflection-in-action mode Schön (1983) describes as central to skilled practice.
This sourceIntroduces "problem-setting" as the framing work that precedes problem-solving; shows that professional expertise lies as much in constructing the problem space (naming what is to be attended to) as in searching it.
- Refinement encourages thinking in terms of feedback loops, margin of error, measurement against fitness criteria, and the distinction between "good enough" and "optimal." It surfaces how systems improve through repeated small corrections rather than revolutionary leaps, the reflection-in-action mode Schön (1983) describes as central to skilled practice.
- Sensemaking
This sourceIntroduces "problem-setting" as the framing work that precedes problem-solving; shows that professional expertise lies as much in constructing the problem space (naming what is to be attended to) as in searching it.
Domain-specific¶
- Design Practice
- Listed in the references but not attached to a specific claim.
- Reflective practice
Mechanisms¶
- Reflection Journal or Learning Log
- This is reflective practice in the tradition of the reflective practitioner, learning by systematically examining one's own thinking-in-action rather than only the task.
This sourceSchon describes reflection-in-action as examining one's own patterns of action, situation, and tacit knowing during performance, beyond the immediate task alone.
- This is reflective practice in the tradition of the reflective practitioner, learning by systematically examining one's own thinking-in-action rather than only the task.
- Reflective Dialogue
- The guarding discipline is the reflective-practice stance
This sourceDevelops the reflective-practice stance of reflection in and on professional action.
- The guarding discipline is the reflective-practice stance
- Reflective Exercise
- Integrate a revised principle. The exercise closes by folding the revised understanding into the learner's framework as something specific to do differently, not a vague resolution.
This sourceThe exercise operationalizes the latter, and the discipline of recovering the genuine prior expectation is what keeps reflection-on-action from decaying into self-flattering hindsight.
- Integrate a revised principle. The exercise closes by folding the revised understanding into the learner's framework as something specific to do differently, not a vague resolution.
- Reflective Journal
- This is reflective practice in Donald Schön's sense: the practitioner learns by examining their own action after the fact and reshaping the next one.
This sourceDevelops reflective practice as examining action during or after performance so later practice can be reshaped.
- This is reflective practice in Donald Schön's sense: the practitioner learns by examining their own action after the fact and reshaping the next one.
- Reflective Practice
- Its strength is that it works inside-out and needs no arena, no cohort, and no authority — the practitioner improves their own judgment from the material of their own days, which is why it scales to solitary and idiosyncratic work.
This sourceDescribes reflective practice as practitioners examining experience and reflection-in-action to improve professional judgment in context.
- Its strength is that it works inside-out and needs no arena, no cohort, and no authority — the practitioner improves their own judgment from the material of their own days, which is why it scales to solitary and idiosyncratic work.
Verification¶
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Links previously used in the corpus¶
Before the registry existed this work was also linked 3 other ways.
- https://search.worldcat.org/title/The-reflective-practitioner-%3A-how-professionals-think-in-action/oclc/223087924 ×2
- https://openlibrary.org/books/OL18440921M/The_reflective_practitioner ×1
- https://search.worldcat.org/title/223087924 ×1
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