The Perils of Presidentialism¶
Linz, J. J. (1990). The Perils of Presidentialism. Journal of Democracy, 1(1), 51-69.
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Primes¶
- Checks and Balances
- The friction checks and balances introduce has obvious costs: slower decision-making, coordination failure, inability to respond to crises rapidly—what Linz (1990) identified as a structural risk of presidential systems with rigid separation.
This sourceArgues that presidential systems with rigid separation of powers face structural risks of gridlock, dual democratic-legitimacy claims, and crisis-induced breakdown that parliamentary regimes typically avoid.
- The friction checks and balances introduce has obvious costs: slower decision-making, coordination failure, inability to respond to crises rapidly—what Linz (1990) identified as a structural risk of presidential systems with rigid separation.
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