Transformation of the Nitrogen Cycle¶
Galloway, J. N., Townsend, A. R., Erisman, J. W., Bekunda, M., Cai, Z., Freney, J. R., Martinelli, L. A., et al. (2008). Transformation of the Nitrogen Cycle: Recent Trends, Questions, and Potential Solutions. Science.
Cited by¶
3 citations across 3 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Domain-specific¶
- Biogeochemical Cycle
- … rates; temperature dependence of respiration vs. photosynthesis shifts the terrestrial carbon balance); and anthropogenic perturbation as a comparable-magnitude flux in several cycles — industrial nitrogen fixation via the Haber-Bosch process has approximately doubled the natural rate of reactive-nitrogen production
This sourceScience review of the transformed nitrogen cycle, documenting Haber-Bosch nitrogen creation rising from 100 to 121 Tg N per year and projected to double again by 2050, alongside the fixation, nitrification and denitrification fluxes.
Supported in partVerified against the work's full text
“by the Haber-Bosch process from 100 Tg N yr−1 to 121 Tg N yr−1 (20%)”
- … rates; temperature dependence of respiration vs. photosynthesis shifts the terrestrial carbon balance); and anthropogenic perturbation as a comparable-magnitude flux in several cycles — industrial nitrogen fixation via the Haber-Bosch process has approximately doubled the natural rate of reactive-nitrogen production
- Biogeochemical Cycling
- In the nitrogen cycle, biological N₂ fixation was the natural rate-limiting step converting atmospheric dinitrogen to biologically usable forms; its near-doubling by industrial Haber-Bosch synthesis has cascaded surplus nitrogen through the entire terrestrial and aquatic system, driving eutrophication far from the point of application
This sourceGalloway and colleagues' account of the human transformation of the nitrogen cycle and of the cascade by which surplus reactive nitrogen moves through air, water and land to cause damage far from where it was applied.
Supported in partVerified against the source
- In the nitrogen cycle, biological N₂ fixation was the natural rate-limiting step converting atmospheric dinitrogen to biologically usable forms; its near-doubling by industrial Haber-Bosch synthesis has cascaded surplus nitrogen through the entire terrestrial and aquatic system, driving eutrophication far from the point of application
- Nitrogen Cycle
- The structural importance of the cycle to Earth-system function rests on three facts: nitrogen availability limits primary production in most terrestrial and many marine ecosystems (co-limited with phosphorus in freshwater systems); the cycle has multiple feedback couplings — denitrification rates respond to nitrate concentration, primary production changes the demand for fixation; and human industrial activity via the Haber-Bosch process has approximately doubled the annual rate of reactive-nitrogen creation
This sourceReview of the human transformation of the nitrogen cycle reporting that reactive-nitrogen creation has risen sharply and is dominated by the Haber-Bosch process.
Supported in partVerified against the work's full text
“Since 1970, world population has increased by 78% and reactive nitrogen creation has increased by 120%.”
- The structural importance of the cycle to Earth-system function rests on three facts: nitrogen availability limits primary production in most terrestrial and many marine ecosystems (co-limited with phosphorus in freshwater systems); the cycle has multiple feedback couplings — denitrification rates respond to nitrate concentration, primary production changes the demand for fixation; and human industrial activity via the Haber-Bosch process has approximately doubled the annual rate of reactive-nitrogen creation
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