The bystander-effect¶
Fischer, P., Krueger, J. I., Greitemeyer, T., Vogrincic, C., Kastenmüller, A., Frey, D., Heene, M., et al. (2011). The bystander-effect: A meta-analytic review on bystander intervention in dangerous and non-dangerous emergencies. Psychological Bulletin, 137(4), 517-537.
Cited by¶
2 citations across 2 artifacts.
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Primes¶
- Bystander Effect
- T6 — Danger reversal and conditional effect magnitude. The original Darley-Latané model assumed a monotonic inverse relationship between group size and helping, but meta-analytic evidence shows the effect is strongest in low-danger ambiguous situations and reverses in high-danger physical emergencies, where more bystanders paradoxically increase the probability of intervention.
This sourceMeta-analysis (105 effect sizes, >7,700 participants); overall effect g = -0.35; effect attenuates or reverses in dangerous emergencies where co-present bystanders provide physical support.
- T6 — Danger reversal and conditional effect magnitude. The original Darley-Latané model assumed a monotonic inverse relationship between group size and helping, but meta-analytic evidence shows the effect is strongest in low-danger ambiguous situations and reverses in high-danger physical emergencies, where more bystanders paradoxically increase the probability of intervention.
- Responsibility Diffusion
- Responsibility Diffusion names the underlying mechanism that produces bystander effect and recurs far beyond emergency response: spreading obligation reduces per-agent motivation, a principle that applies equally to committee decisions, code reviews, and maintenance of shared resources, as Fischer et al. (2011) confirm in their meta-analytic review of bystander intervention across more than 7,700 participants.
This sourceMeta-analysis of 105 effect sizes (>7,700 participants) confirming bystander effect as the specialized emergency manifestation of the broader responsibility-diffusion mechanism.
- Responsibility Diffusion names the underlying mechanism that produces bystander effect and recurs far beyond emergency response: spreading obligation reduces per-agent motivation, a principle that applies equally to committee decisions, code reviews, and maintenance of shared resources, as Fischer et al. (2011) confirm in their meta-analytic review of bystander intervention across more than 7,700 participants.
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