Notes on the theory of association of attributes in statistics.¶
YULE, G. U. (1903). Notes on the theory of association of attributes in statistics. Biometrika, 2(2), 121-134.
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Primes¶
- Aggregation
- The fourth tension—that aggregation enables large-scale inference while obscuring causal mechanisms within the aggregate—mirrors the collapsibility and ecological-fallacy concerns Yule (1903) raised in his foundational analysis of association in contingency tables, where marginal sums can mask the causal structure that generated them.
This sourceFoundational analysis of association in contingency tables; first identifies how marginal aggregates can mask or invert the structure visible within strata.
Supported in partVerified against the work's full text
Section 5 shows that pooling distinct records can create or hide associations present within strata, which backs the aggregate-masks-structure point. Ecological fallacy and large-scale inference are not discussed.
“there is quite a large but illusory inheritance created simply by the mixture of the two distinct records.”
- The fourth tension—that aggregation enables large-scale inference while obscuring causal mechanisms within the aggregate—mirrors the collapsibility and ecological-fallacy concerns Yule (1903) raised in his foundational analysis of association in contingency tables, where marginal sums can mask the causal structure that generated them.
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