The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects¶
ROSENBAUM, P. R., & RUBIN, D. B. (1983). The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55.
Cited by¶
6 citations across 6 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Confounding
- The adjustment-set-based identification strategy
Supported in partVerified against the publisher's abstract
The abstract states that adjustment for the scalar propensity score removes bias due to all observed covariates, which is the adjustment-on-a-balanced-set principle the heading names.
“Both large and small sample theory show that adjustment for the scalar propensity score is sufficient to remove bias due to all observed covariates.”
- The adjustment-set-based identification strategy
- Stratification
- Localization of disturbances:
This sourceEstablishes propensity-score stratification as a method that localizes confounding within balanced strata, enabling unbiased causal contrasts across layers.
- Localization of disturbances:
Domain-specific¶
Mechanisms¶
- Matched Case Comparison
- A common way to collapse those factors into a single closeness score is propensity-score matching.
This sourceDefines the propensity score as a scalar summary of observed covariates and identifies matched sampling on it as an application.
- A common way to collapse those factors into a single closeness score is propensity-score matching.
- Matched Case Pairing Protocol
- Its defining limitation is the flip side of that: it can only balance observed covariates, so an unmeasured difference — the very motivation that made families opt in — rides straight through the match untouched.
This sourceShows that propensity-score matching balances observed covariates but does not remove differences not represented in those covariates.
- Its defining limitation is the flip side of that: it can only balance observed covariates, so an unmeasured difference — the very motivation that made families opt in — rides straight through the match untouched.
- Matched Comparison
- When many confounders must be balanced at once, they can be collapsed into a single propensity score and matched on that.
This sourceDefines the propensity score as a scalar balancing score that summarizes observed covariates and can be used for matched comparisons.
- When many confounders must be balanced at once, they can be collapsed into a single propensity score and matched on that.
Verification¶
Does it exist? Confirmed. This work's DOI resolves to a registered record, which fixes its identity. That is all it fixes.
Does it back the claim? Read against the text for 1 of 6 citations: 1 supported in part. Each verdict is shown under its citation below, with what in the work backs the sentence.
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Registry ID ref:576077ccb936 · see in the full table