Physically Based Modeling of Cold Load Pickup.¶
Ihara, S., & Schweppe, F. (1981). Physically Based Modeling of Cold Load Pickup. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 4142-4150.
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Primes¶
- Thundering Herd
- In electrical grids it is cold-load pickup after a blackout: every thermostat, compressor, motor, and heater on the feeder is held off by the absence of voltage, and the operator closing the breaker releases them all at once, so a wave of locked-rotor inrush — a compressor draws five to seven times its running current at start-up — exceeds the feeder ampacity that steady-state load never approached; utilities re-energize in staggered blocks to break it, and no human is in the loop.
This sourceAnalyzes cold-load pickup, in which thermostatically controlled loads held off during an outage draw synchronized inrush on re-energization, exceeding feeder capacity; staggered block restoration breaks it.
- In electrical grids it is cold-load pickup after a blackout: every thermostat, compressor, motor, and heater on the feeder is held off by the absence of voltage, and the operator closing the breaker releases them all at once, so a wave of locked-rotor inrush — a compressor draws five to seven times its running current at start-up — exceeds the feeder ampacity that steady-state load never approached; utilities re-energize in staggered blocks to break it, and no human is in the loop.
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