The Ghost in the Machine¶
Koestler, A. (1967). The Ghost in the Machine.
Cited by¶
3 citations across 3 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Hierarchy
- Koestler's holon framework
This sourceHutchinson. Coins "holon" from the Greek holos (whole) plus the suffix -on, defines holons as Janus-faced sub-wholes that are simultaneously self-contained wholes facing downward and dependent parts facing upward, and names the multi-level nesting of such units a holarchy spanning biological and social systems.
- Koestler's holon framework
- Holarchy
- Arthur Koestler (1967) coined "holon" (from the Greek holos, whole, plus the suffix -on suggesting a particle or part) precisely to name this Janus-faced status: every level both faces downward as a governing whole and faces upward as a contributing fragment.
This sourceHutchinson. Coins "holon" from the Greek holos (whole) plus the suffix -on, defines holons as Janus-faced sub-wholes that are simultaneously self-contained wholes facing downward and dependent parts facing upward, and names the multi-level nesting of such units a holarchy spanning biological and social systems.
- Arthur Koestler (1967) coined "holon" (from the Greek holos, whole, plus the suffix -on suggesting a particle or part) precisely to name this Janus-faced status: every level both faces downward as a governing whole and faces upward as a contributing fragment.
- Top-Down Perspectives
- Koestler's 1967 The Ghost in the Machine
This sourceHutchinson. Coins "holon" from the Greek holos (whole) plus the suffix -on, defines holons as Janus-faced sub-wholes that are simultaneously self-contained wholes facing downward and dependent parts facing upward, and names the multi-level nesting of such units a holarchy spanning biological and social systems.
- Koestler's 1967 The Ghost in the Machine
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Registry ID ref:643ce512a155 · see in the full table