On Convection Currents in a Horizontal Layer of Fluid, when the Higher Temperature is on the Under Side.

Rayleigh, L. (1916). On Convection Currents in a Horizontal Layer of Fluid, when the Higher Temperature is on the Under Side. Philosophical Magazine, 32(192), 529-546.

Type

Journal article

Intellectual base

Primary research

Year

1916

Volume

32

Issue

192

Pages

529-546

DOI

10.1080/14786441608635602

DOI registrant

Taylor & Francis

Link

https://doi.org/10.1080/14786441608635602

Cited from

physics

Cited by

2 citations across 2 artifacts.

Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.

Primes

• Convection
  • The theoretical foundation is anchored in the

    This sourceTheoretical foundation of convective instability; introduces the Rayleigh number Ra = gβΔT·d³/(νκ) as the dimensionless ratio of buoyancy driving to viscous–thermal damping and derives the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of cellular convection by linear stability analysis. NOTE: Rayleigh's own free–free result was Ra_c = 27π⁴/4 ≈ 657.5; the widely quoted Ra_c ≈ 1708 for rigid boundaries was first obtained by Jeffreys (1926), so attributing 1708 to Rayleigh (1916) is a factual error.

• Instability
  • and theoretically analyzed by Rayleigh in 1916

    This sourceRayleigh number, critical instability, buoyancy-diffusion balance, theoretical prediction.

    Supported in partVerified against the publisher's abstract

    Title and registry metadata confirm Rayleigh's 1916 paper on convection in a fluid layer heated from below; the paper's text is closed, so its analysis is unread.

    “(1916). LIX. On convection currents in a horizontal layer of fluid, when the higher temperature is on the under side. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 32, No. 192, pp. 529-546.”

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Verification

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