Development as Freedom¶
Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford University Press.
Cited by¶
5 citations across 5 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Minimalism
- A common failure is confusing scarcity and poverty with the intentional clarity of minimalist design
This sourceReframes development as the expansion of substantive freedoms—real opportunities for action—rather than income alone, emphasizing that heterogeneous constraint sets must be modeled rather than assumed away.
- A common failure is confusing scarcity and poverty with the intentional clarity of minimalist design
- Opportunity Asymmetry
- A model treating all agents as facing identical choice sets will systematically mispredict the behavior of constrained agents: they will appear irrational, unmotivated, or resistant when in fact they are responding rationally to a much narrower set of options, a point Sen (1999) emphasizes in framing development as the expansion of substantive freedoms across heterogeneous constraint sets.
This sourceReframes development as the expansion of substantive freedoms—real opportunities for action—rather than income alone, emphasizing that heterogeneous constraint sets must be modeled rather than assumed away.
- A model treating all agents as facing identical choice sets will systematically mispredict the behavior of constrained agents: they will appear irrational, unmotivated, or resistant when in fact they are responding rationally to a much narrower set of options, a point Sen (1999) emphasizes in framing development as the expansion of substantive freedoms across heterogeneous constraint sets.
- Realized vs Possible Outcomes
- Sen's decisive argument is exactly the prime's don't-collapse-the-two discipline: two people with identical realized functionings (say, the same nutrition level) can have radically different capability sets (one chooses to fast amid plenty, the other starves with no alternative), so assessing wellbeing from realized outcomes alone — reading the realized as the whole story — misjudges both.
This sourceArgues identical realized functionings can mask radically different capability sets (fasting versus starving), so assessing wellbeing from outcomes alone misjudges both.
- Sen's decisive argument is exactly the prime's don't-collapse-the-two discipline: two people with identical realized functionings (say, the same nutrition level) can have radically different capability sets (one chooses to fast amid plenty, the other starves with no alternative), so assessing wellbeing from realized outcomes alone — reading the realized as the whole story — misjudges both.
- Rights vs. Freedoms
- The modern positive-rights tradition — Sen's (1999) capabilities approach and Nussbaum's (2000) extension of it — reframes the distinction not as rights versus freedoms but as the plurality of entitlements: some rights are negative-protective (freedom from torture), some are positive-enabling (right to education), and some combine both dimensions.
This sourceReframes development as the expansion of substantive freedoms—real opportunities for action—rather than income alone, emphasizing that heterogeneous constraint sets must be modeled rather than assumed away.
- The modern positive-rights tradition — Sen's (1999) capabilities approach and Nussbaum's (2000) extension of it — reframes the distinction not as rights versus freedoms but as the plurality of entitlements: some rights are negative-protective (freedom from torture), some are positive-enabling (right to education), and some combine both dimensions.
- Structural Violence
- Development studies applies it to global trade arrangements, colonial legacy effects, and structural-adjustment consequences
This sourceReframes development as the expansion of substantive freedoms—real opportunities for action—rather than income alone, emphasizing that heterogeneous constraint sets must be modeled rather than assumed away.
- Development studies applies it to global trade arrangements, colonial legacy effects, and structural-adjustment consequences
Verification¶
This reference passed the adversarial substantiation pipeline: it was checked to exist and to support the claim it is attached to. See how references were verified.
Registry ID ref:7443234c5b24 · see in the full table