Development as Freedom¶
Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford University Press.
Cited by¶
5 citations across 5 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Minimalism
- A common failure is confusing scarcity and poverty with the intentional clarity of minimalist design
This sourceReframes development as the expansion of substantive freedoms—real opportunities for action—rather than income alone, emphasizing that heterogeneous constraint sets must be modeled rather than assumed away.
- A common failure is confusing scarcity and poverty with the intentional clarity of minimalist design
- Opportunity Asymmetry
- A model treating all agents as facing identical choice sets will systematically mispredict the behavior of constrained agents: they will appear irrational, unmotivated, or resistant when in fact they are responding rationally to a much narrower set of options, a point Sen (1999) emphasizes in framing development as the expansion of substantive freedoms across heterogeneous constraint sets.
This sourceReframes development as the expansion of substantive freedoms—real opportunities for action—rather than income alone, emphasizing that heterogeneous constraint sets must be modeled rather than assumed away.
Supported in partVerified against the work's full text
Sen supports the framing, development as expanding substantive freedoms with heterogeneous circumstances and adaptation by the deprived, but not the claim that homogeneous-choice models make constrained agents seem irrational.
“Our desires and pleasure-taking abilities adjust to circumstances, especially to make life bearable in adverse situations.”
- A model treating all agents as facing identical choice sets will systematically mispredict the behavior of constrained agents: they will appear irrational, unmotivated, or resistant when in fact they are responding rationally to a much narrower set of options, a point Sen (1999) emphasizes in framing development as the expansion of substantive freedoms across heterogeneous constraint sets.
- Realized vs Possible Outcomes
- Sen's decisive argument is exactly the prime's don't-collapse-the-two discipline: two people with identical realized functionings (say, the same nutrition level) can have radically different capability sets (one chooses to fast amid plenty, the other starves with no alternative), so assessing wellbeing from realized outcomes alone — reading the realized as the whole story — misjudges both.
This sourceArgues identical realized functionings can mask radically different capability sets (fasting versus starving), so assessing wellbeing from outcomes alone misjudges both.
SupportedVerified against the work's full text
Sen's fasting-versus-starving example shows equal achieved nourishment can mask different capability sets, and he says the two carry different information.
“an affluent person who fasts may have the same functioning achievement in terms of eating or nour- ishment as a destitute person who is forced to starve”
- Sen's decisive argument is exactly the prime's don't-collapse-the-two discipline: two people with identical realized functionings (say, the same nutrition level) can have radically different capability sets (one chooses to fast amid plenty, the other starves with no alternative), so assessing wellbeing from realized outcomes alone — reading the realized as the whole story — misjudges both.
- Rights vs. Freedoms
- They do not redefine the claim/liberty correlative relation.
This sourceReframes development as the expansion of substantive freedoms—real opportunities for action—rather than income alone, emphasizing that heterogeneous constraint sets must be modeled rather than assumed away.
- They do not redefine the claim/liberty correlative relation.
- Structural Violence
- Development studies applies it to global trade arrangements, colonial legacy effects, and structural-adjustment consequences
This sourceReframes development as the expansion of substantive freedoms—real opportunities for action—rather than income alone, emphasizing that heterogeneous constraint sets must be modeled rather than assumed away.
- Development studies applies it to global trade arrangements, colonial legacy effects, and structural-adjustment consequences
Verification¶
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