Über ein Paradoxon aus der Verkehrsplanung.

Braess, D. (1968). Über ein Paradoxon aus der Verkehrsplanung. Unternehmensforschung, 12(1), 258-268.

Type

Journal article

Intellectual base

Primary research

Year

1968

DOI

10.1007/bf01918335

Link

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01918335

Cited from

economics_finance, mathematics, systems_cybernetics

Cited by

4 citations across 4 artifacts.

Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.

Primes

• Braess's Paradox
  • Road traffic — the original 1968 setting: opening a shortcut can lengthen every commute under selfish routing; documented road closures in Seoul, Stuttgart, and New York improved flow.

    This sourceOriginal demonstration that adding a road to a congested network with selfish routing can increase every driver's travel time; the canonical four-node example. (English: Braess, Nagurney, Wakolbinger, "On a Paradox of Traffic Planning," Transportation Science 39 (2005): 446–450.)

• Nash Equilibrium
  • This is more than theory — it predicts that adding a new road can raise everyone's travel time (the Braess paradox), because the new link shifts the best-response fixed point to a worse equilibrium, a counterintuitive result derived directly from the structure.
• Price of Anarchy
  • Price of anarchy is the evaluative measure of how far a given mechanism's equilibrium falls from the welfare optimum — what mechanism design then tries to reduce. Not tragedy_of_the_commons. The commons tragedy is a substrate-specific instance (over-extraction of a shared resource); price of anarchy is the general worst-case measure of which it is one case, quantifying the equilibrium-to-optimum gap. Not braess_paradox. Braess's paradox is the qualitative illustration that enriching a network can raise equilibrium cost; price of anarchy is its quantitative generalisation, bounding the loss over a whole game class.

Mechanisms

• Logistics Routing Plan
  • And naively optimizing a routed network can backfire outright — adding a shortcut or a route can, counter-intuitively, worsen total flow.

    This sourceShows that adding a link to a user-optimized traffic network can increase equilibrium travel time for all users.

Verification

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