Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research¶
Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185-216.
Cited by¶
4 citations across 4 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Mechanisms¶
- Back-Translation Review
- It is the classic instrument here, formalized for cross-cultural instruments as forward/back-translation.
This sourceFormalizes back-translation as a method for cross-cultural research instruments.
- It is the classic instrument here, formalized for cross-cultural instruments as forward/back-translation.
- Meaning Back-Translation Test
- The method is a disciplined descendant of back-translation in cross-cultural research.
This sourcePresents back-translation as a method for checking cross-cultural translation equivalence.
- The method is a disciplined descendant of back-translation in cross-cultural research.
- Round-Trip Consistency Test
- Before a release they run a round-trip check on the translation seam: take an English article (chart A), translate it into Japanese (chart B), then have a different translator render that Japanese back into English — a back-translation.
This sourceDefines back-translation as translating source material into a target language and having another translator render it back into the source language for comparison.
- Before a release they run a round-trip check on the translation seam: take an English article (chart A), translate it into Japanese (chart B), then have a different translator render that Japanese back into English — a back-translation.
- Translation Backcheck
- This forward-then-back procedure is the standard back-translation method used to validate cross-cultural instruments precisely because it exposes meaning loss the forward translation alone conceals.
This sourcePresents forward translation followed by independent back-translation and comparison as a method for evaluating cross-cultural equivalence and identifying meaning errors.
- This forward-then-back procedure is the standard back-translation method used to validate cross-cultural instruments precisely because it exposes meaning loss the forward translation alone conceals.
Verification¶
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