Two Dogmas of Empiricism.

Quine, W. V. O. (1951). Two Dogmas of Empiricism. The Philosophical Review, 60(1), 20-43.

Type

Journal article

Intellectual base

Primary research

Year

1951

DOI

10.2307/2181906

Link

https://doi.org/10.2307/2181906

Cited from

philosophy, statistics_experimental_design

Cited by

4 citations across 4 artifacts.

Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.

Primes

• Assumption
  • The pattern licenses several cross-domain disciplines that all follow from its structure: sensitivity analysis (what range of assumption values yields what range of conclusion values), the inventory of implied warranties, the pre-mortem (what assumption must fail for the plan to fail), and the recognition that empirical theories are tested holistically rather than proposition-by-proposition.

    This sourceArgues that theories face the tribunal of experience holistically, not statement by statement (the Duhem–Quine thesis).

• Holism
  • Philosophy: Quine's confirmation holism in Two Dogmas of Empiricism (1951)

    This sourceQuine Two Dogmas confirmation holism

• Underspecification
  • It is the formal inverse of equifinality: where equifinality names many causes producing the same outcome, underspecification names the same outcome admitting many causes, with the selector trying to pick one.

    This sourceArgues evidence underdetermines theory — the Quine–Duhem thesis that a body of data is consistent with multiple theoretical adjustments — the epistemic origin of underspecification.

Domain-specific

• Semantic holism
  • The entry records a descriptive analytical identity; practical use requires the governing domain's evidence, standards, and safety obligations.

Verification

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