Stabilized Feed-Back Amplifiers.¶
Black, H. S. (1934). Stabilized Feed-Back Amplifiers. Bell System Technical Journal, 13(1), 1-18.
Cited by¶
3 citations across 3 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Amplification
- Negative-feedback amplifiers
This sourceInvention of the negative-feedback amplifier; shows feedback eliminates parameter uncertainty and stabilizes gain against component/temperature variation (gain varied <0.01 dB, modulation products 75 dB lower). SUPPORTS the negative-feedback-stabilizes-gain claims.
Supported in partVerified against the publisher's abstract
Black's own abstract states that stabilized feedback yields stability of amplification, backing the gain-stabilization half of the claim.
“This paper describes and explains the theory of the feedback principle and then demonstrates how stability of amplification and reduction of modulation products, as well as certain other advantages, follow when stabilized feedback is applied to an amplifier.”
- Negative-feedback amplifiers
- Feedback
- Feedback amplifiers (Black 1934) in signal processing use negative feedback to reduce amplifier nonlinearity and distortion; the trade-off is that gain is reduced unless open-loop gain is very high
Supported in partVerified against the publisher's abstract
Black's abstract backs the first half of the claim — stabilized feedback gives stability of amplification and reduction of modulation products — but says nothing about the reduced-gain-unless-open-loop-gain-is-high trade-off.
“This paper describes and explains the theory of the feedback principle and then demonstrates how stability of amplification and reduction of modulation products, as well as certain other advantages, follow when stabilized feedback is applied to an amplifier.”
- Feedback amplifiers (Black 1934) in signal processing use negative feedback to reduce amplifier nonlinearity and distortion; the trade-off is that gain is reduced unless open-loop gain is very high
- Homeostasis
- A closed loop of the form: plant state \(x\) → sensor \(s(x) = \hat{x}\) → comparator \(e = x_{\text{set}} - \hat{x}\) → controller \(u = K(e, \ldots)\) → actuator → plant, with \(u\) driving \(\dot x\) toward the setpoint — the canonical structure Black (1934) crystallized for engineered systems in his Bell Labs paper on stabilized feedback amplifiers.
This sourceInvention of the negative-feedback amplifier; demonstrates how feedback eliminates parameter uncertainty and stabilizes gain against component variations and temperature drift; foundational for precision analog electronics and control systems.
Supported in partVerified against the publisher's abstract
Black (1934) supplies the feedback-principle and amplifier-stabilization frame; its abstract states no setpoint-tracking loop of plant, sensor, comparator, controller, actuator.
“This paper describes and explains the theory of the feedback principle and then demonstrates how stability of amplification and reduction of modulation products, as well as certain other advantages, follow when stabilized feedback is applied to an amplifier. The underlying principle of design by means of which singing is avoided is next set forth.”
- A closed loop of the form: plant state \(x\) → sensor \(s(x) = \hat{x}\) → comparator \(e = x_{\text{set}} - \hat{x}\) → controller \(u = K(e, \ldots)\) → actuator → plant, with \(u\) driving \(\dot x\) toward the setpoint — the canonical structure Black (1934) crystallized for engineered systems in his Bell Labs paper on stabilized feedback amplifiers.
Verification¶
Does it exist? Confirmed. This work's DOI resolves to a registered record, which fixes its identity. That is all it fixes.
Does it back the claim? Read against the text for 3 of 3 citations: 3 supported in part. Each verdict is shown under its citation below, with what in the work backs the sentence.
Support is checked per citation rather than per work — the same source can be cited soundly in one article and wrongly in another. Per-citation recording began recently, so a citation with no recorded check is a gap in the record rather than evidence it went unchecked.
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Registry ID ref:928c8efa45e9 · see in the full table