A Multiple Testing Procedure for Clinical Trials.¶
O'Brien, P. C., & Fleming, T. R. (1979). A Multiple Testing Procedure for Clinical Trials. Biometrics, 35(3), 549-556.
Cited by¶
2 citations across 2 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Optimal Stopping Rule
- Designers compute boundaries (O'Brien–Fleming, Pocock) that spend the total error budget across looks so that the cumulative false-positive rate stays controlled despite repeated peeking.
This sourceIntroduces the O'Brien–Fleming group-sequential boundary that spends the total error budget across repeated interim looks while controlling the cumulative false-positive rate.
- Designers compute boundaries (O'Brien–Fleming, Pocock) that spend the total error budget across looks so that the cumulative false-positive rate stays controlled despite repeated peeking.
Mechanisms¶
- Sequential Monitoring Stop Rule
- The efficacy boundary is set very stringent early — using an O'Brien–Fleming-style spending scheme, where the bar to declare success is nearly unreachable at the first look and eases toward the final analysis — so that an early stop-for-benefit really means overwhelming evidence
This sourceDescribes the O'Brien–Fleming procedure as using a stringent early efficacy boundary, so early stopping requires exceptionally strong evidence.
- The efficacy boundary is set very stringent early — using an O'Brien–Fleming-style spending scheme, where the bar to declare success is nearly unreachable at the first look and eases toward the final analysis — so that an early stop-for-benefit really means overwhelming evidence
Verification¶
Does it exist? Confirmed. This work's DOI resolves to a registered record, which fixes its identity. That is all it fixes.
Does it back the claim? Not recorded. Neither this nor any other of the 2 citations of this work carries a recorded support check.
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Registry ID ref:98c1c806c020 · see in the full table