Cross-over Trials in Clinical Research¶
Senn, S. (2002). Cross-over Trials in Clinical Research. Wiley.
Cited by¶
4 citations across 4 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Washout Failure
- In clinical trials, crossover designs require a drug washout between treatments; too short, and the second arm's effect estimate is biased by residual pharmacology.
This sourceStandard reference on crossover designs: carryover, setting the washout interval relative to pharmacological half-life, and the bias of too-short washouts on second-period estimates.
- In clinical trials, crossover designs require a drug washout between treatments; too short, and the second arm's effect estimate is biased by residual pharmacology.
Domain-specific¶
- Carryover Effect
- The standard design interventions are: washout periods — intervals between treatments long enough for the internal state to return to a negligible residual, commonly operationalised as five half-lives for pharmacokinetic carryover
This sourceSenn's crossover-trials text, in which a washout long enough makes carry-over negligible in the following period and is sized in drug half-lives. Senn's crossover-trials text, in which an earlier period's carry-over is negligible in all but the immediately following period.
Supported in partVerified against the source
- The standard design interventions are: washout periods — intervals between treatments long enough for the internal state to return to a negligible residual, commonly operationalised as five half-lives for pharmacokinetic carryover
Mechanisms¶
- Residual Tail Washout Check
- The carryover effect
This sourceDefines carryover as a residual treatment effect that persists after treatment has ceased.
- The carryover effect
- Washout Period
- Its failure mode is a washout sized to the wrong clearance: pharmacokinetic half-life measures when a substance leaves the blood, but functional carryover — a downstream effect, an adaptation, an irreversible change — can outlast the chemical, so a drug can be "cleared" while its effect persists.
This sourceTreats carryover as residual influence from an earlier treatment period on responses measured in a later period.
- Its failure mode is a washout sized to the wrong clearance: pharmacokinetic half-life measures when a substance leaves the blood, but functional carryover — a downstream effect, an adaptation, an irreversible change — can outlast the chemical, so a drug can be "cleared" while its effect persists.
Verification¶
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