Neighborhoods and Violent Crime¶
Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy. Science, 277(5328), 918-924.
Cited by¶
2 citations across 2 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Collective Efficacy
- Sampson, Raudenbush, and Earls's landmark 1997 multilevel study operationalized collective efficacy as a neighborhood's shared expectation that neighbors could collectively enforce shared norms and maintain social order
This sourceCanonical multilevel study of 343 Chicago neighborhoods establishing collective efficacy (social cohesion + shared willingness to intervene) as a neighborhood structural property that predicts violent-crime rates net of concentrated disadvantage, residential instability, and racial composition.
Supported in partVerified against the work's full text
The 1997 multilevel Chicago study defines collective efficacy as neighbors' social cohesion combined with willingness to intervene for the common good.
“It is hypothesized that collective efficacy, defined as social cohesion among neighbors combined with their willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good, is linked to reduced violence.”
- Sampson, Raudenbush, and Earls's landmark 1997 multilevel study operationalized collective efficacy as a neighborhood's shared expectation that neighbors could collectively enforce shared norms and maintain social order
- Informal Enforcement
- Sociology: Neighborhood order maintained by residents who watch, scold, intervene, and shun rather than by police — the collective-efficacy account of why some communities suppress disorder while others, with identical formal policing, cannot.
This sourceCanonical multilevel study establishing collective efficacy as a neighborhood structural property predicting violent crime rates independent of poverty and racial composition. Sampson-Raudenbush-Earls canonical multilevel study introducing neighborhood collective efficacy.
Supported in partVerified against the work's full text
The abstract supports collective efficacy (neighbors' cohesion and willingness to intervene) predicting lower neighborhood violence, not the watch/scold/shun or policing-contrast detail.
“collective efficacy, defined as social cohesion among neighbors combined with their willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good, is linked to reduced violence”
- Sociology: Neighborhood order maintained by residents who watch, scold, intervene, and shun rather than by police — the collective-efficacy account of why some communities suppress disorder while others, with identical formal policing, cannot.
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