On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances.¶
Gibbs, J. W. (1878). On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy, 3, 1875-1878.
Cited by¶
2 citations across 2 artifacts.
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Primes¶
- Equilibrium
- . Zero net change on the balanced dimension. Over a specified time scale, the balance quantity does not drift — though other quantities may be active at that moment. Restoring or maintaining mechanism. A mechanism exists that returns the system toward the equilibrium if perturbed; without it, equilibrium is accidental rather than structural. Gibbs's framework for chemical equilibrium and the phase rule
This sourceFoundational treatise of chemical thermodynamics: introduces the chemical potential, the phase rule (degrees of freedom of a system at equilibrium), and free-energy / potential functions governing equilibrium composition and phase transitions in multicomponent, multiphase systems.
- . Zero net change on the balanced dimension. Over a specified time scale, the balance quantity does not drift — though other quantities may be active at that moment. Restoring or maintaining mechanism. A mechanism exists that returns the system toward the equilibrium if perturbed; without it, equilibrium is accidental rather than structural. Gibbs's framework for chemical equilibrium and the phase rule
- Thermodynamic Equilibrium
- At fixed T and V, the Helmholtz free energy F = U − TS is minimized; at fixed T and P, the Gibbs free energy G = H − TS is minimized
This sourceMonumental work establishing chemical-equilibrium foundations, the phase rule, and the concept of chemical potential as the driving force for phase transitions and chemical reactions; defines equilibrium for complex multicomponent, multiphase systems.
- At fixed T and V, the Helmholtz free energy F = U − TS is minimized; at fixed T and P, the Gibbs free energy G = H − TS is minimized
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