Sex Bias in Graduate Admissions

Bickel, P. J., Hammel, E. A., & O'Connell, J. W. (1975). Sex Bias in Graduate Admissions: Data from Berkeley. Science, 187(4175), 398-404.

Type

Journal article

Intellectual base

Primary research

Year

1975

DOI

10.1126/science.187.4175.398

Link

https://doi.org/10.1126/science.187.4175.398

Cited from

statistics_experimental_design

Cited by

2 citations across 2 artifacts.

Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.

Primes

• Simpson–Yule Effect
  • In admissions and hiring, an institution can appear to discriminate against a group in aggregate while admitting that group at higher rates in every department, because the group applied disproportionately to more competitive departments — the original and canonical case.
• Simpson's Paradox
  • Medicine and clinical research: a treatment beats a control among mild patients and among severe patients yet loses overall, because it was preferentially given to severe cases; the Berkeley gender-admissions reanalysis is the canonical observational example.

    This sourceThe canonical observational instance of Simpson's paradox — aggregate UC Berkeley admissions appeared biased against women while department-by-department analysis showed no such bias, because women applied disproportionately to more competitive departments.

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