The proof and measurement of association between two things.¶
Spearman, C. (1904). The proof and measurement of association between two things. American Journal of Psychology, 15(1), 72-101.
Cited by¶
4 citations across 4 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Correlation
- Spearman (1904) extended the signature beyond linearity to rank-order co-variation, showing that the directionless-dependence pattern survives even when the functional form of the relationship is unknown or non-linear.
This sourceIntroduces the rank-order (Spearman) correlation coefficient, extending the measurement of association beyond linear/product-moment correlation to monotonic relationships of unknown functional form.
- Spearman (1904) extended the signature beyond linearity to rank-order co-variation, showing that the directionless-dependence pattern survives even when the functional form of the relationship is unknown or non-linear.
- Measurement Uncertainty and Observational Noise
- A noisy measurement can obscure real variability, but the two are distinct, a partition between true-score variance and error variance Spearman (1904) introduced when proposing the foundations of classical reliability theory.
This sourceFoundational paper of classical reliability theory: introduces the decomposition of an observed score into a true component and an independent error component, distinguishing apparatus/process noise from genuine variability across subjects.
- A noisy measurement can obscure real variability, but the two are distinct, a partition between true-score variance and error variance Spearman (1904) introduced when proposing the foundations of classical reliability theory.
- Nonparametric Methods
This sourceFoundational paper of classical reliability theory: introduces the decomposition of an observed score into a true component and an independent error component, distinguishing apparatus/process noise from genuine variability across subjects.
Domain-specific¶
- Attenuation Bias
- The pattern was first recognized by Charles Spearman in 1904 as the "correction for attenuation" in measured correlations between psychological constructs
Supported in partVerified against a saved copy of the source
“attenuation by errors can also be corrected in another manner, which has the great advantage of an independent empirical basis”
- The pattern was first recognized by Charles Spearman in 1904 as the "correction for attenuation" in measured correlations between psychological constructs
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