A Cognitive Hierarchy Model of Games¶
Camerer, C. F., Ho, T. -., & Chong, J. -. (2004). A Cognitive Hierarchy Model of Games. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119(3), 861-898.
Cited by¶
4 citations across 4 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Theory Of Mind
- The prime's recursion bound is the practical constraint in both: pedagogy and red-teaming both bottom out around depth-2 or depth-3, beyond which the nested modeling becomes intractable and error-prone, so good design structures the task to stay within tractable depth.
This sourceModels bounded depth of recursive belief reasoning, showing that strategic thinking in practice bottoms out at a few levels of iterated theory of mind.
- The prime's recursion bound is the practical constraint in both: pedagogy and red-teaming both bottom out around depth-2 or depth-3, beyond which the nested modeling becomes intractable and error-prone, so good design structures the task to stay within tractable depth.
Domain-specific¶
- Cognitive Hierarchy Theory
- Guess 2/3 of the Average
- In repeated large-scale experiments — newspaper surveys in the Financial Times and Spektrum der Wissenschaft, lab studies with student and professional populations — the instrument has proven reliable, discriminating between populations by education, game-theoretic training, and financial expertise, and providing the primary data against which cognitive-hierarchy models (Camerer, Ho, and Chong) are calibrated.
This sourceThe cognitive-hierarchy model of games, fit to experimental data with an average of 1.5 steps across many games.
Supported in partVerified against the publisher's abstract
“This model fits empirical data, and explains why equilibrium theory predicts behavior well in some games and poorly in others. An average of 1.5 steps fits data from many games.”
- In repeated large-scale experiments — newspaper surveys in the Financial Times and Spektrum der Wissenschaft, lab studies with student and professional populations — the instrument has proven reliable, discriminating between populations by education, game-theoretic training, and financial expertise, and providing the primary data against which cognitive-hierarchy models (Camerer, Ho, and Chong) are calibrated.
Mechanisms¶
- Second-Order Expectation Survey
- Its failure mode is that higher-order answers are intrinsically unreliable: people flatten out at roughly two levels of "I think that you think," so a third- or fourth-order number is often noise wearing a decimal point.
This sourceFinds that a cognitive-hierarchy model averaging about 1.5 reasoning steps fits many experimental games, concentrating behavior around one- and two-step reasoning.
- Its failure mode is that higher-order answers are intrinsically unreliable: people flatten out at roughly two levels of "I think that you think," so a third- or fourth-order number is often noise wearing a decimal point.
Verification¶
Does it exist? Confirmed. This work's DOI resolves to a registered record, which fixes its identity. That is all it fixes.
Does it back the claim? Read against the text for 1 of 4 citations: 1 supported in part. Each verdict is shown under its citation below, with what in the work backs the sentence.
Support is checked per citation rather than per work — the same source can be cited soundly in one article and wrongly in another. Per-citation recording began recently, so a citation with no recorded check is a gap in the record rather than evidence it went unchecked.
See how references were verified.
Links previously used in the corpus¶
Before the registry existed this work was also linked 2 other ways.
- https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m1hza-6py91 ×1
- https://www.christosaioannou.com/Camerer,%20Ho%20and%20Chong%20(2004).pdf ×1
Registry ID ref:d76078be9c10 · see in the full table