Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans¶
Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995). Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(5), 797-811.
Cited by¶
2 citations across 2 artifacts.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Primes¶
- Stereotyping
- Stereotype Threat, as Steele and Aronson (1995) defined and demonstrated experimentally, is the downstream performance effect that occurs when an individual is aware of negative stereotypes about their group and, in that moment, experiences anxiety, cognitive load, or reduced working memory that impairs their actual performance.
This sourceDefines and experimentally demonstrates stereotype threat as a downstream performance effect on the stereotyped target, distinct from the stereotyping mechanism in the perceiver.
- Stereotype Threat, as Steele and Aronson (1995) defined and demonstrated experimentally, is the downstream performance effect that occurs when an individual is aware of negative stereotypes about their group and, in that moment, experiences anxiety, cognitive load, or reduced working memory that impairs their actual performance.
Domain-specific¶
- Stereotype Threat
- Foundational work by Steele and Aronson (1995) demonstrated the mechanism in African American students on standardized verbal tests;
This sourceDefines and experimentally demonstrates stereotype threat as a downstream performance effect on the stereotyped target, distinct from the stereotyping mechanism in the perceiver.
SupportedVerified against the publisher's abstract
The 1995 abstract reports that Black participants underperformed on a difficult verbal test under ability-diagnostic conditions, supporting the cited demonstration of stereotype threat.
“Studies 1 and 2 varied the stereotype vulnerability of Black participants taking a difficult verbal test by varying whether or not their performance was ostensibly diagnostic of ability, and thus, whether or not they were at risk of fulfilling the racial stereotype about their intellectual ability.”
- Foundational work by Steele and Aronson (1995) demonstrated the mechanism in African American students on standardized verbal tests;
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