Evidence against unidirectionality in the emergence of middle voice systems¶
Inglese, G., & Verstraete, J. (2023). Evidence against unidirectionality in the emergence of middle voice systems. STUF - Language Typology and Universals.
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Domain-specific¶
- Autocausative Verb
- Inglese and Verstraete use the distinction to explain how middle marking can extend along paths that a simple “reflexive marker becomes anticausative” story would miss
This sourceInglese and Verstraete argue against the unidirectionality of middle-voice development, using autocausative contexts as the bridge by which a non-reflexive-source middle marker extended into reflexive semantics - a path Kemmer's generalisation excludes. Inglese and Verstraete's example (10): the Hittite middle of nini(n)k- 'raise, set in motion' with karittes 'floods' as a spontaneous change-of-state event and with LÚKÚR 'enemy' as an agentively induced one, the latter being the autocausative context from which the reflexive use extended.
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- Inglese and Verstraete use the distinction to explain how middle marking can extend along paths that a simple “reflexive marker becomes anticausative” story would miss
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