The Functions of the Executive

Barnard, C. I. (1938). The Functions of the Executive. Harvard University Press.

Type

Book

Intellectual base

Review or monograph

Year

1938

Link

https://archive.org/details/functionsofexecu0000barn

Cited from

organizational_management

Cited by

3 citations across 2 artifacts.

Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.

Primes

• Delegation of Authority
  • The delegatee definition identifying who holds the delegated authority and their role or title

    This sourceDevelops the acceptance theory of authority and the 'zone of indifference' (the range of orders a subordinate accepts without question); supports the delegatee-definition element (003) and the authority/execution/endorsement distinction (007).

• Formal vs. Informal Structures
  • The fit characterization between layers (where they complement, where they conflict, where informal substitutes for inadequate formal)

    This sourceBarnard theorizes formal and informal organization as mutually interdependent — informal organization both reinforces formal cooperation (communication, cohesion) and can subvert it, and formal structure cannot function without an informal substrate; supports the fit characterization (complement / conflict / informal substituting for inadequate formal).

  • Formal vs. Informal Structures is the dual-layer structural principle that every organization, team, institution, or complex system operates under two simultaneous, interacting structural layers: a formal structure consisting of codified, documented, officially sanctioned elements (org charts, job titles, standard operating procedures, written policies, regulations); and an informal structure consisting of emergent, uncodified, unofficial practices (personal networks, backchannel communication, reputation-based influence, tribal knowledge, cultural norms, ad-hoc coordination, workarounds)

    This sourceFoundational source establishing the dual existence of formal organization (conscious, deliberate, purposeful cooperation) and informal organization (the indispensable aggregate of personal contacts and interactions that arises without deliberate intent and either reinforces or subverts the formal); supports the core dual-layer thesis and the formal-layer specification.

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Links previously used in the corpus

Before the registry existed this work was also linked 1 other way.

• https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674328037 ×1

Registry ID ref:ee9ac0f277b7 · see in the full table