Professionals Play Minimax¶
Palacios-Huerta, I. Professionals Play Minimax. Review of Economic Studies.
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1 citation across 1 artifact.
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Domain-specific¶
- Matching pennies
- Analysing roughly 1,400 penalties, he found the data matched the minimax prediction on two counts
This sourceReview of Economic Studies, 2003. The study behind this claim: 1,417 penalty kicks from professional games in Spain, Italy and England between September 1995 and June 2000, tested against the two implications of mixed-strategy equilibrium and rejecting neither. Reports that scoring probabilities are statistically identical across each player's strategies - Pearson 43.94, p = 0.39, so equilibrium play is not rejected - at predicted mixing frequencies near 42/58 and 39/61 rather than 50-50, with the strategies defined relative to the kicker's natural side. Reports serial independence of players' choice sequences: the null is rejected for only 2 of 42 players at the 5% level, against 2.1 rejections expected by chance.
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- Analysing roughly 1,400 penalties, he found the data matched the minimax prediction on two counts
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