Implementation¶
Pressman, J. L., & Wildavsky, A. B. (1973). Implementation: How Great Expectations in Washington Are Dashed in Oakland; Or, Why It’s Amazing that Federal Programs Work at All, This Being a Saga of the Economic Development Administration as Told by Two Sympathetic Observers Who Seek to Build Morals on a Foundation of Ruined Hopes. University of California Press.
Cited by¶
1 citation across 1 artifact.
Each citation links to the sentence it supports in the citing article.
Mechanisms¶
- Policy Pathway Analysis
- Its failure mode is assuming the text determines practice, when discretion, informal workarounds, and local custom often dominate — the map of the rule is not the map of the reality, a gap long documented in implementation studies
This sourceDocuments a persistent gap between formal policy expectations and what implementation produces in practice.
- Its failure mode is assuming the text determines practice, when discretion, informal workarounds, and local custom often dominate — the map of the rule is not the map of the reality, a gap long documented in implementation studies
Verification¶
This reference passed the adversarial substantiation pipeline: it was checked to exist and to support the claim it is attached to. See how references were verified.
Registry ID ref:f97ec24fa6b1 · see in the full table