Condensed Matter & Physical Chemistry Models

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Abstractions about models and measurement techniques in condensed-matter physics and physical chemistry, including lattice and electronic models (Hubbard model, Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, heavy-fermion material), simulation and estimation methods (Joback method, Projector Augmented-Wave method, water model), and transport or optical phenomena (Nernst effect, stochastic resonance, STED microscopy).

26 abstractions in this family — domain-specific abstractions that sit near one another in structural-signature space (k-means over structural-signature embeddings). Each is shown with its short description.

• Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless Transition — A two-dimensional phase transition in which a bound vortex-pair regime gives way to proliferation of free vortices and changed long-distance response.
• Brownian Dynamics — Model physical particle configurations with overdamped force–mobility drift and matched thermal fluctuations.
• Crossed molecular beam — In analytical chemistry, crossed molecular beam experiments involve two beams of atoms or molecules which are collided together to study the dynamics of the chemical reaction, and can detect individual reactive collisions.
• Dephasing rate SP formula — Using perturbation theory, one recovers at finite temperatures at the long time limit F(t)=\Gamma_{\varphi}t , where the decay constant is given by the dephasing rate formula with non symmetrized spectral functions as expected.
• Diffusion Capacitance — Forward-injected carrier charge in a pn junction gives a bias-dependent incremental capacitance distinct from depletion capacitance.
• Directional Solidification — Advance a liquid-to-solid transformation through material along a preferred direction maintained by a spatial thermal gradient.
• Explosive Boiling — In physical chemistry, explosive boiling or phase explosion is a process in which a superheated metastable liquid undergoes an explosive liquid–vapour phase transition into a stable two-phase state because of a massive homogeneous nucleation of vapour bubbles.
• Glauber dynamics — In statistical physics, Glauber dynamics is a way to simulate the Ising model (a model of magnetism) on a computer .
• Heavy-Fermion Material — In materials science, heavy fermion materials are a specific type of intermetallic compound, containing elements with 4f or 5f electrons in unfilled electron bands.
• Homes's law — In superconductivity, Homes's law is an empirical relation that states that a superconductor's.
• Hubbard model — The Hubbard model is a simplified model used to describe the transition between conducting and insulating systems.
• Joback method — The Joback method is an extension of the Lydersen method and uses very similar groups, formulas, and parameters for the three properties the Lydersen already supported (critical temperature, critical pressure, critical volume).
• Lee–Yang theory — In statistical mechanics, Lee–Yang theory, sometimes also known as Yang–Lee theory, is a scientific theory which seeks to describe phase transitions in large physical systems in the thermodynamic limit based on the properties of small, finite-size systems.
• Liñán's diffusion flame theory — Liñán diffusion flame theory is a theory developed by Amable Liñán in 1974 to explain the diffusion flame structure using activation energy asymptotics and Damköhler number asymptotics.
• Nernst Effect — Measure the ordinary off-diagonal thermoelectric response in which a longitudinal temperature gradient and perpendicular applied magnetic field generate a transverse open-circuit electric field, while keeping the response geometry distinct from its several microscopic mechanisms.
• Projector Augmented-Wave Method — The projector augmented wave method (PAW) is a technique used in ab initio electronic structure calculations.
• Root-mean-square speed — The "root mean square speed" v_\text{rms} is the square root of the mean square speed, corresponding to the speed of a particle with average kinetic energy, setting b = \frac{1}{2a^2} = \frac{m}{2k_\text{B}T} : \begin{align}.
• Spectral line ratios — The analysis of line intensity ratios is an important tool to obtain information about laboratory and space plasmas.
• STED microscopy — Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is one of the techniques that make up super-resolution microscopy.
• Stochastic resonance — Stochastic resonance is also closely related to the concept of dithering in signal analysis, although how similar or how different the two concepts are depends on the particular definition considered.
• Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model — In condensed matter physics, the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model or SSH chain is a one-dimensional lattice model that presents topological features.
• Tetens equation — The Tetens equation is an equation to calculate the saturation vapour pressure of water over liquid and ice.
• Thermodynamic Temperature — The thermal state quantity T of a specified equilibrium system, independent of the thermometer or temperature scale used to assign its value.
• Thomas–Fermi Screening — A static local-response approximation that uses electronic compressibility and self-consistent electrostatics to describe screening of a weak charge perturbation.
• Triplet-triplet annihilation — Triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) is an energy transfer mechanism where two molecules in their triplet excited states interact to form a ground state molecule and an excited molecule in its singlet state.
• Water model — In computational chemistry, a water model is used to simulate and thermodynamically calculate water clusters, liquid water, and aqueous solutions with explicit solvent, often using molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo methods.