Legal Doctrines & Procedural Bars

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Abstractions about legal doctrines that bar or shape claims, including preclusion rules like collateral estoppel and law of the case, illegality and fraud defenses, and licensing or statutory-interpretation doctrines.

7 abstractions in this family — domain-specific abstractions that sit near one another in structural-signature space (k-means over structural-signature embeddings). Each is shown with its short description.

• Collateral estoppel — The issue-preclusion doctrine barring relitigation of a fact or law issue already actually litigated, necessarily decided and covered by a final valid judgment under applicable party and fairness rules.
• Defensive termination — An intellectual-property license clause allowing a licensor to terminate granted rights if the licensee asserts specified infringement claims against the licensor.
• Election of remedies — A civil-procedure doctrine requiring a claimant entitled to inconsistent remedies for one wrong to choose among them so recovery does not become duplicative or logically contradictory.
• Ex turpi causa non oritur actio — The illegality doctrine that can bar a claimant from obtaining a civil remedy founded on or sufficiently connected to the claimant's own unlawful conduct.
• Extrinsic fraud — Fraud collateral to the merits of a case that prevents a party from fairly presenting a claim or defense and can support exceptional relief from a judgment under applicable law.
• Implied repeal — A statutory doctrine under which a later enactment renders irreconcilably inconsistent provisions of an earlier enactment inoperative without expressly naming their repeal.
• Law of the case — A common-law doctrine under which legal rulings made earlier in the same litigation ordinarily govern later stages unless a recognized reason permits reconsideration.